佛波酯对NIH3T3细胞整合蛋白α_5亚基表达的影响

１００ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ佛波酯（１２－Ｏ－ｔｅｔｒａｄｅｃａｎｏｙｌｐｈｏｂｏｌ１３－ａｃｅｔａｔｅ,ＴＰＡ）作用于ＮＩＨ３Ｔ３细胞２４ｈ,流式细胞仪检测到细胞表面整合蛋白α５亚基含量增加５２．３％．Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ杂交方法测定结果亦表明整合蛋白α５亚基ｍＲＮＡ量增加,于２ｈ时达到高峰,为对照的４．１４倍．蛋白激酶Ｃ（ｐｒｏｔｅｉｎｋｉｎａｓｅＣ,ＰＫＣ）的活性增加趋势与之基本一致．运用ＰＫＣ的抑制剂鞘氨醇（ｓｐｈｉｎｇｏ－ｓｉｎｅ）和酷氨酸激酶（ｔｙｒｏｓｉｎｅｋｉｎａｓｅ,ＴＫ）抑制剂４,５,７－三羟基异黄酮（ｇｅｎｅｓｔｅｉｎ）进一步研究,发现两者均可抑制佛波酯对整合蛋白α５亚基表达的上调作用．提示佛波酯对ＮＩＨ３Ｔ３细胞整合蛋白α５亚基表达的调控与ＰＫＣ和ＴＫ均有关．     

视黄酸促进NIH3T3细胞与纤连蛋白粘附的机制研究

视黄酸（Ｒｅｔｉｎｏｉｃ ａｃｉｄ,ＲＡ）是细胞的分化诱导剂。近年来发现ＲＡ能广泛作用于细胞,引起一系列生理功能改变,并能使多种肿瘤细胞向正常细胞分化。ＲＡ对细胞基本生物学行为－细胞粘附的影响了解甚少。我们发现３２μｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＲＡ能使ＮＩＨ３Ｔ３细胞与纤维蛋白（ＦＺｉｂｒｏｎｅｃｔｉｎ,Ｆｎ）的粘附能力增加２０％。但并不促进细胞与多聚赖氨到的粘附。采用抗整合蛋白α５亚基单抗和抗整合蛋白β１亚基单     

N—糖链在纤连蛋白分泌及纤连蛋白受体与配体结合的作用

应用能断糖蛋白Ｎ－糖链合成的衣霉素（ＴＭ）,研究了Ｎ－糖链缺失对ＨＴ１０８０细胞分泌纤连蛋白（Ｆｎ）以及纤连蛋白受体（ＦｎＲ）与配体结合的影响。结果表现,１μｇ／ｍｌ的ＴＭ可抑制Ｎ－糖链的合成（此时,３Ｈ－甘露糖掺入下降６３％）,但细胞分泌Ｆｎ的量仅下降３％,这主要是由于蛋白合成受ＴＭ抑制（２５％）而引起。因而,Ｎ－糖链缺失可能并不影响Ｆｎ的分泌,而在同样条件下,单个细胞结合１２５Ｉ－Ｆｎ的量显著     

佛波酯对SMMC-7721人肝癌细胞粘附及整合蛋白基因表达的调控作用

用促癌剂佛波酯（ＰＭＡ）作用于ＳＭＭＣ－７７２１人肝癌细胞,研究细胞表面的主要粘附分子α５β１整合蛋白基因表达及相应细胞粘附行为的改变．用１００ｎｍｏｌ／ＬＰＭＡ作用ＳＭＭＣ－７７２１人肝癌细胞,发现其作用因时间的长短而异,作用３０、６０、１２０ｍｉｎ分别增加细胞与纤连蛋白（Ｆｎ）粘附１８．８％、３８．７％和５６．６％,作用６、１２ｈ分别降低４４．０％、３７．４％,而不影响与多聚赖氨酸的粘附．使用足量的抗α５和／或抗β１单抗预先封闭细胞与Ｆｎ的结合点,再将细胞与Ｆｎ粘附,发现α５单抗单独使用可将ＳＭＭＣ－７７２１细胞与Ｆｎ的粘附抑制２０％左右,β１单抗则抑制１４％,两者联合使用时可封闭４０％左右的粘附,提示该细胞表面存在除α５β１外的其它整合蛋白在介导着细胞与Ｆｎ的粘附．进一步应用Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ方法,分析整合蛋白基因表达,发现１００ｎｍｏｌ／ＬＰＭＡ抑制α５亚基转录,以３０ｍｉｎ最明显,抑制达８３．１％,作用６、１２ｈ抑制率仍为４６．６％、４３．６％．还就ＰＭＡ影响细胞粘附和整合蛋白基因表达的可能机理作了讨论．     

N－糖链在纤连蛋白分泌及纤连蛋白受体与配体结合中的作用

应用能阻断糖蛋白Ｎ－糖链合成的衣霉素（ＴＭ）,研究了Ｎ－糖链缺失对ＨＴ１０８０细胞分泌纤连蛋白（Ｆｎ）以及纤连蛋白受体（ＦｎＲ）与配体结合的影响。结果发现,１μｇ／ｍｌ的ＴＭ可抑制Ｎ－糖链的合成（此时,３Ｈ－甘露糖掺入下降６３％）,但细胞分泌Ｆｎ的量仅下降３３％,这主要是由于蛋白合成受ＴＭ抑制（２５％）而引起,因而,Ｎ－糖链缺失可能并不影响Ｆｎ的分泌。而在同样条件下,单个细胞结合１２５Ｉ－Ｆｎ的量显著下降,显示Ｎ－糖链的缺失可能导致了膜上ＦｎＲ总量或其与配体结合的亲和力的改变。ＴＭ处理组的ＦｎＲ的内吞率与对照组相比较无明显差异,提示受体分子中的Ｎ－糖链缺失不影响其内吞过程．     

佛波酯(TPA)促进NIH3T3细胞α5β1整合蛋白的合成

佛波酯(TPA)是潜在促肿瘤剂,也是蛋白激酶PKC激活剂.TPA能在极低浓度下替代DG激活PKC,从而导致一系列细胞功能变化.应用100nmol/LTPA作用于NIH3T3细胞,观察NIH3T3细胞的粘附变化,发现TPA可促进NIH3T3细胞与基质纤连蛋白的粘附,进一步研究Fn的主要受体α5β1整合蛋白在细胞表面含量,发现TPA作用24h使α5及β1含量分别增加523%和516%.应用3H甘露糖标记N糖链和凝集素柱层析方法分析TPA作用后细胞N糖链总量和组分比,结果均与对照组相仿,说明是通过增加细胞合成整合蛋白α5及β1亚基含量实现的.在TPA作用于细胞的同时,加入PKC抑制剂Sphingosine,发现α5、β1含量和细胞与Fn的粘附均回复至对照组水平,提示TPA增加α5β1整合蛋白合成而增加的细胞与Fn粘附作用,是由PKC介导完成的.此外还发现酪氨酸蛋白激酶抑制剂也阻断TPA增加α5β1整合蛋白含量的作用.     

双丁酰环烯酸腺苷对人肝癌细胞株SMMC—7721表面N—糖…

本文采用系列凝集素柱层析法,并配合外切糖苷酶研究了在双丁酰环磷酸腺苷（ｄＢ－ｃＡＭＰ）作用１－５过程中人肝癌细胞株ＳＭＭＣ－７７２１细胞表面Ｎ－糖链类型及复杂型糖链天线数的变化。结果表明,ｄＢ－ｃＡＭＰ促进＾３Ｈ－Ｍａｎ参人细胞表面Ｎ－糖链,使高甘露糖型Ｎ－糖链的百分比下降,并促进二天线Ｎ－糖链的生物合成,使多天线特别是四天线和Ｃ２Ｃ２Ｃ６三天线Ｎ－糖链的百分比减少。结果提示,Ｎ－糖链结构的这些变     

双丁酰环磷酸腺苷耐人肝癌细胞株SMMC－7721表面N－糟链类型及天线数的影响

本文采用系列凝集素柱层析法,并配合外切精苷酶研究了在双丁酰环磷酸腺苷（ｄＢ－ｃＡＭＰ）作用１～５天过程中人肝癌细胞株ＳＭＭＣ－７７２１细胞表面Ｎ－糖链类型及复杂型糖链天线数的变化。结果表明,ｄＢ－ｃＡＭＰ促进３Ｈ—Ｍａｎ参入细胞表面Ｎ－糖链,使高甘露糖型Ｎ－糖链的百分比下降,并促进二天线Ｎ－糖链的生物合成。使多天线特别是四天线和Ｃ２Ｃ２Ｃ６三天线Ｎ－糖链的百分比减少．结果提示,Ｎ－糖链结构的这些变化可能是ｄＢ－ｃＡＭＰ诱导ＳＭＭＣ－７７２１细胞向正常方向分化的结果。     

Swainsonine对胰岛素受体功能影响的研究

以Ｓｗａｉｓｏｎｉｎｅ（Ｓｗ）作为高尔基体Ｎ－糖链加工酶系中α－甘露糖苷酶ＩＩ的特异抑制剂。研究Ｎ－糖链结构和胰岛素受体（Ｉｎｓ－Ｒ）功能的关系,发现Ｓｗ不影响细胞生长和３Ｈ－亮氨酸参入ＳＭＭＣ７７２１细胞,但明显促进３Ｈ－甘露糖参入细胞总糖蛋白和表面糖蛋白,并使后者的ＣｏｎＡ强结合组分显著增加,提示Ｓｗ使Ｉｎｓ－Ｒ的Ｎ－糖链变成杂合型及高甘露糖型,胰岛素结合试验后作Ｓｃａｔｃｈａｒｄ分析,发现Ｓ     

视黄酸对人肝癌细胞表面N糖链类型及天线数的影响

本文采用系列凝集素柱层析法,并配合外切糖苷酶处理研究了在视黄酸作用１－５天过程中人肝癌细胞株ＳＭＭＣ－７７２１细胞表面Ｎ糖结构的变化。结果表明,ＲＡ促进＾３Ｈ－甘露糖参入细胞表面Ｎ糖链,使高甘露糖型Ｎ糖的百分比下降,复杂型百分比长升,并促进二天线Ｎ糖链的生物合成,使多天线特别是四天线和Ｃ２,Ｃ２１ｂ三天线Ｎ糖链的合成减少。结果提示,Ｎ糖链结构的这些变化可能是ＲＡ诱导ＳＭＭＣ－７７２１细胞向正常方向     

Relations of the type and branch of surface N-glycans to cell adhesion, migration and integrin expressions

The relations between the structure of cell surface N-glycans to cell behaviors were studied in H7721 human hepatocarcinoma cell line, which predominantly expressed complex-type N-glycans on the surface. 1-Deoxymannojirimycin (DMJ) and swaisonine (SW), the specific inhibitor of Golgi alpha-mannosidase II or I, were selected to block the processing of N-glycans at the steps of high mannose and hybrid type respectively. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and antisense cDNA of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-V (GnT-V) were used to suppress the expression of GnT-V and decreased the GlcNAc beta1,6-branching or tri-/tetra-antennary structure of surface N-glycans. The structural alterations of N-glycans were verified by sequential lectin affinity chromatography of [3H] mannose-labeled glycans isolated from the cell surface. The cell adhesions to fibronectin (Fn) and human umbilical vein epithelial cell (HUVEC), as well as cell migration (including chemotaxis and invasion) were selected as the parameters of cell behaviors. It was found that cell adhesion and migration were significantly decreased in SW and DMJ treated cells, suggesting that complex type N-glycan is critical for the above cell behaviors. ATRA and antisense GnTV enhanced cell adhesion to Fn but reduce cell adhesion to HUVEC and cell migration. These results reveal that cell surface complex-type N-glycans with GlcNAc beta1,6 branch are more effective than those without this branch in the cell adhesion to HUVEC and cell migration, but N-glycan without GlcNAc beta1,6-branch is the better one in mediating the cell adhesion to Fn. The integrin alpha5beta1 (receptor of Fn) on cell surface was unchanged by DMJ and SW. In contrast, ATRA up regulated alpha5, but not beta1, and antisense GnT-V decreased both alpha5 and beta1. This findings suggest that both the structure of N-glycan and the expression of integrin on cell surface are two of the important factors in the determination of cell adhesion to Fn, a complex biological process.     

Relations of the type and branch of surface N-glycans to cell adhesion,migration and integrin expressions

The relations between the structure of cell surface N-glycans to cell behaviors were studied in H7721 human hepatocarcinoma cell line, which predominantly expressed complex-type N-glycans on the surface. 1-Deoxymannojirimycin (DMJ) and swaisonine (SW), the specific inhibitor of Golgi -mannosidase II or I, were selected to block the processing of N-glycans at the steps of high mannose and hybrid type respectively. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and antisense cDNA of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-V (GnT-V) were used to suppress the expression of GnT-V and decreased the GlcNAc1,6-branching or tri-/tetra-antennary structure of surface N-glycans. The structural alterations of N-glycans were verified by sequential lectin affinity chromatography of [³H] mannose-labeled glycans isolated from the cell surface. The cell adhesions to fibronectin (Fn) and human umbilical vein epithelial cell (HUVEC), as well as cell migration (including chemotaxis and invasion) were selected as the parameters of cell behaviors. It was found that cell adhesion and migration were significantly decreased in SW and DMJ treated cells, suggesting that complex type N-glycan is critical for the above cell behaviors. ATRA and antisense GnTV enhanced cell adhesion to Fn but reduce cell adhesion to HUVEC and cell migration. These results reveal that cell surface complex-type N-glycans with GlcNAc1,6 branch are more effective than those without this branch in the cell adhesion to HUVEC and cell migration, but N-glycan without GlcNAc1,6-branch is the better one in mediating the cell adhesion to Fn. The integrin 51 (receptor of Fn) on cell surface was unchanged by DMJ and SW. In contrast, ATRA up regulated 5, but not 1, and antisense GnT-V decreased both 5 and 1. This findings suggest that both the structure of N-glycan and the expression of integrin on cell surface are two of the important factors in the determination of cell adhesion to Fn, a complex biological process.     

De novo expression of the integrin alpha5beta1 regulates alphavbeta3-mediated adhesion and migration on fibrinogen

Recent evidence demonstrates that interactions between different integrins that are present on the cell surface can strongly influence the adhesive function of individual receptors. In this report, we show that Chinese hamster ovary cells that express the integrin alphavbeta3 in the absence of alpha5beta1 demonstrate increased adhesion and migration on fibrinogen. Furthermore, alphavbeta3-mediated adhesion to fibrinogen is not augmented by the soluble agonist, MnCl2, suggesting that alphavbeta3 exists in a higher affinity state in these cells. De novo expression of wild-type alpha5beta1 negatively regulates alphavbeta3-mediated adhesion and migration. This effect is not seen with expression of a chimeric alpha5beta1 integrin in which the cytoplasmic portion of the alpha5 integrin subunit is replaced by the cytoplasmic portion of the alpha4 integrin. In addition, it does not require ligation of alpha5beta1 by fibronectin. Cells that express a constitutively active beta3 integrin that contains a point mutation in the conserved membrane proximal region of the cytoplasmic tail, D723R, are resistant to the effect of alpha5beta1 expression. These data provide additional evidence of "cross-talk" between the integrins alpha5beta1 and alphavbeta3, and support the idea that alpha5beta1 regulates alphavbeta3-mediated ligand binding. This provides a relevant biological mechanism whereby variations in alpha5beta1 expression in vivo may modulate activation of alphavbeta3 to influence its adhesive function.     

TM14 is a new member of the fibulin family (fibulin-7) that interacts with extracellular matrix molecules and is active for cell binding

We identified a new extracellular protein, TM14, by differential hybridization using mouse tooth germ cDNA microarrays. TM14 cDNA encodes 440 amino acids containing a signal peptide. The protein contains 3 EGF modules at the center, a C-terminal domain homologous to the fibulin module, and a unique Sushi domain at the N terminus. In situ hybridization revealed that TM14 mRNA was expressed by preodontoblasts and odontoblasts in developing teeth. TM14 mRNA was also expressed in cartilage, hair follicles, and extraembryonic tissues of the placenta. Immunostaining revealed that TM14 was localized at the apical pericellular regions of preodontoblasts. When the dentin matrix was fully formed and dentin mineralization occurred, TM14 was present in the predentin matrix and along the dentinal tubules. We found that the recombinant TM14 protein was glycosylated with N-linked oligosaccharides and interacted with heparin, fibronectin, fibulin-1, and dentin sialophosphoprotein. We also found that TM14 preferentially bound dental mesenchyme cells and odontoblasts but not dental epithelial cells or nondental cells such as HeLa, COS7, or NIH3T3 cells. Heparin, EDTA, and anti-integrin beta1 antibody inhibited TM14 binding to dental mesenchyme cells, suggesting that both a heparan sulfate-containing cell surface receptor and an integrin are involved in TM14 cell binding. Our findings indicate that TM14 is a cell adhesion molecule that interacts with extracellular matrix molecules in teeth and suggest that TM14 plays important roles in both the differentiation and maintenance of odontoblasts as well as in dentin formation. Because of its protein characteristics, TM14 can be classified as a new member of the fibulin family: fibulin-7.     

Changes in keratinocyte adhesion during terminal differentiation: reduction in fibronectin binding precedes alpha 5 beta 1 integrin loss from the cell surface

During terminal differentiation keratinocytes move out of the basal layer of the epidermis and thereby lose contact with the basement membrane. We show that terminal differentiation in culture involves loss of adhesiveness to fibronectin, laminin, and collagen types I and IV. The adhesive changes precede, by several hours, loss of the alpha 2 beta 1, alpha 3 beta 1, and alpha 5 beta 1 integrins from the cell surface. Keratinocyte adhesion to fibronectin is mediated by the alpha 5 beta 1 integrin, and the decrease in adhesion of intact cells to fibronectin is correlated with a decrease in the ability of alpha 5 beta 1 receptors to bind fibronectin. Thus modulation of integrin function early in terminal differentiation may be an early event determining cell migration out of the basal layer.