贺兰山岩羊的数量与分布

2003年11～12月,采用样线调查法对贺兰山东坡(宁夏贺兰山国家级自然保护区)和西坡(内蒙古贺兰山国家级自然保护区)境内岩羊(Pseudois nayaur)种群的数量与分布进行了调查。共记录岩羊实体141群746只。在宁夏贺兰山国家级自然保护区和内蒙古贺兰山国家级自然保护区范围内均有岩羊分布,但东坡岩羊的平均群大小为6·03只,西坡为3·24只;东坡的遇见率为0·32只/km,西坡的遇见率为0·19只/km。卡方检验表明,贺兰山东、西坡的平均群大小和遇见率均存在极显著差异,东坡是岩羊的主要分布区。利用DISTANCE5·0软件估计贺兰山东坡岩羊的密度为5·144只/km2,种群数量为10611只;西坡的密度为2·532只/km2,种群数量为1714只;整个贺兰山地区岩羊的估计密度是4·445只/km2,种群数量为12178只。     

贺兰山两栖爬行动物的物种多样性及区系特征

为掌握贺兰山两栖爬行动物物种多样性及区系特征,于2007-2008年,采用样带调查法对贺兰山两栖爬行动物进行了系统调查。结果表明:贺兰山两栖爬行动物共计2目8科12属19种,其中王锦蛇(Elaphe carinata)和玉斑锦蛇(E.mandarina)为宁夏爬行动物新纪录种;贺兰山两栖爬行动物Shannon多样性指数为2.250,均匀性指数为0.563,其两栖爬行动物科数和种数分别占宁夏两栖爬行动物总科数和种数的72.7%和67.9%,分别占内蒙古两栖爬行动物总科数和种数的66.7%和50.0%;花背蟾蜍(Bufo raddei)、中国林蛙(Rana chensinensis)、荒漠沙蜥(Phrynocephalus przewalskii)、草原沙蜥(P.frontalis)、丽斑麻蜥(Eremias argus)和密点麻蜥(E.multiocellata)是贺兰山优势种,花条蛇(Psammophis lineo-latus)、黄脊游蛇(Coluber spinalis)和虎斑颈槽蛇(Rhabdophis tigrinus)为常见种,其余种类为偶见种;贺兰山两栖爬行动物物种中,14种为古北界物种,5种为广布种,且蒙新区物种成分优势明显,占42.6%,反映了贺兰山两栖爬行动物具有典型的蒙新区西部荒漠亚区的物种组成和区系特征。     

王锦蛇的人工养殖方法

王锦蛇是一种比较适合人工养殖的无毒蛇。王锦蛇体大、耐寒、适应性强、生长快、饲养周期短、易孵化 ,很多蛇场或养蛇户多以王锦蛇作为蛇类的养殖品种 ;王锦蛇特别适合在我国北方各省区养殖。作者以北方地区为例 ,浅述王锦蛇的养殖方法。1　王锦蛇的生长习性　　王锦蛇又名菜花蛇、大王蛇、臭薰领等 ,无毒 ,常栖息在山地、平原及丘陵地带 ,活动于河边、水塘边、库区及其它近水域的地方。王锦蛇动作敏捷、性情凶猛、爬行速度快且会攀树 ,属广食性蛇 ,常以蛙类、鸟类、鼠类及各种鸟蛋为食。食物缺乏时 ,它甚至吞食自己的幼蛇和同类。2　王锦蛇…     

王锦蛇血清对尖吻蝮蛇毒的抑制作用

目的 探讨王锦蛇血清对尖吻蝮蛇毒的抑制作用。方法 王锦蛇血清与不同剂量的尖吻蝮蛇毒分别混合后,注射到小鼠背皮下,测定王锦蛇血清对尖吻蝮蛇毒的抗出血活力;腹腔注射此混合物后,测定王锦蛇血清对尖吻蝮蛇毒的抗毒效价;先后注射尖吻蝮蛇毒和王锦蛇血清,测定王锦蛇血清对尖吻蝮蛇毒引起的死亡、组织损伤和炎症的抑制、保护和治疗作用。结果 1ml王锦蛇血清可完全抑制10mg（干重）的尖吻蝮蛇毒的出血活力;1ml王锦蛇血清可中和11mg（干重）尖吻蝮蛇毒的致死活力;王锦蛇血清对由尖吻蝮蛇毒引起的致死、组织损伤和炎症有显著的抑制、保护和治疗作用。结论 王锦蛇血清是尖吻蝮蛇毒的强抑制剂,可能成为未来新的蛇伤治疗药物的原料。     

广西、浙江、江西发现福清链蛇

2011年4月,在广西壮族自治区桂林市兴安县猫儿山国家级自然保护区采集到蛇类雌性成体标本1号;2011年5月,在浙江省丽水市缙云县新建镇采集到蛇类雌性成体标本1号;2012年4月,在江西省赣州市全南县采集到蛇类雄性成体标本1号。经鉴定这3号标本为蛇亚目游蛇科链蛇属福清链蛇(Lycodon futsingensis),为在广西壮族自治区、浙江省和江西省首次发现,标本保存在广东省昆虫研究所。     

广东省蛇类新纪录-双全白环蛇

2011年9～10月,分别在广东省乳源瑶族自治县南岭国家森林公园和始兴县车八岭国家级自然保护区采集到游蛇科(Colubridae)白环蛇属(Lycodon)标本3号,经鉴定为双全白环蛇(Lfasciatus),为广东省蛇类新纪录.     

山西阳城发现刘氏链蛇

正2018年8月8日,在山西阳城蟒河猕猴国家级自然保护区内树皮沟管护站的前庄(35°17′16.45″N,112°25′24.10″E,970 m)采到1蛇类标本。经鉴定,该蛇隶属于游蛇科(Colubridae)链蛇属(Lycodon),为刘氏链蛇(L. liuchengchaoi),为山西省爬行动物分布新记录种。标本现保存于山西阳城蟒河猕猴国家级自然保护区标     

广西蛇类一新记录--方花小头蛇

2005年9月6日和10月10日在广西猫儿山国家级自然自然保护区采集到蛇类标本两条,经鉴定为方花小头蛇（Oligodon bellus）,是广西蛇类新记录.标本分别保存于广西大学动物科技学院标本室和广西猫儿山国家级自然保护区标本室。     

山东半岛的王锦蛇Elaphe carinata

王锦蛇Elaphe carinata(G櫣enther)分布于我国19个省市(赵尔宓等,1998),分布区的南缘可达广东和广西,以及台湾岛,北缘是北京和天津一带。其垂直分布的范围在海拔100(浙江)~2200(贵州)之间。以往,在山东东南部日照和中部泰山,曾报道有王锦蛇的分布(贾振绪等,1997;张守富和张守贵,2002)。2004年10~11月,在山东半岛烟台市福山区门楼镇先后发现了4条长在2m左右的大蛇,经鉴定为王锦蛇(E.carinata)。本文对其中存活的2条进行了测量和观察,并与山东日照和泰山的报道做了对比,现报道如下,供研究山东两栖爬行动物区系和资源及王锦蛇生物学参考。雄…     

王锦蛇的人工养殖方法

王锦蛇,又称为菜花蛇、大王蛇、蛇王、臭黄颌等,它是无毒蛇中(除蟒蛇外)长势最快、形体较大的蛇类。由于王锦蛇体大、耐寒、适应性强、生长快、饲养周期短、容易饲养和孵化等诸多优点,很多蛇场或养蛇户,特别是北方诸省区,多以它作为无毒蛇的饲养对象。1　王锦蛇的饲养管理　　王锦蛇栖息在山地,平原及丘陵地带,活动于河边、水塘边、库区及其它近水域的地方。王锦蛇动作敏捷、性情凶猛、爬行速度快且会攀爬上树。它系广食性蛇类,以捕食蛙类、鸟类、鼠类及各种鸟蛋为主,食物缺乏时,它甚至吞食自己的幼蛇或同类。因此,养殖中尤其要注意,必须保…     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various     

Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

<正>Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry sector.However, there is limited genome information of IBDV