传染性脾肾坏死病毒（ISKNV）感染途径,宿主范围及对温度敏感性的研究

传染性脾肾坏死病毒（ISKNV）无细菌滤液通过肌肉注射、划痕浸泡、腹腔注射和口服等四种感染途径,人工感染健康鳜鱼（Sinipercachuatsi）,四种途径都能引起典型的传染性脾肾坏死病毒病。通过腹腔注射感染途径,病毒滤液在25～34℃条件下,能引起健康鳜鱼发病。另外,用病毒滤液感染尼罗非鲫（Oreochromis。niloticus）、草鱼（Ctenopharyngodonidellus）、乌鳢（Ophiocephalusargus）、大口黑鲈（Micropterussalmoides）和尖吻鲈（Latescalcarifer）五种鱼,大口黑鲈能够感染成功,为ISKNV的宿主,而其它鱼不能感染成功,不是ISKNV的宿主。     

一例虹鳟低死亡率疾病的病原学及病理学研究（英文）

为确定病原类型和造成虹鳟低死亡率的原因,研究对患病虹鳟进行了病理学观察、病毒的分离和鉴定以及动物感染实验。临床检查发现发病虹鳟体色变黑,肌肉和腹壁点状出血。病理学观察发现虹鳟造血器官脾和肾间组织严重坏死。通过反转录PCR法检测坏死组织和病变细胞中传染性造血器官坏死病毒、出血性败血病毒和传染性胰腺坏死病毒,并对得到的371 bp大小片段进行测序和构建进化树分析,发现感染病原为传染性造血器官坏死病毒。同时,给体重为1.5 kg健康虹鳟腹腔注射10~4 TCID_(50)的组织滤液,累计死亡率达到35%。除此之外,将组织滤液接种到鲤鱼上皮瘤细胞系后出现了特征性病变。在实验过程中未发现细菌或寄生虫感染。结果证实引起虹鳟低死亡率的病原为传染性造血器官坏死病毒。     

一例虹鳟低死亡率疾病的病原学及病理学研究

为确定病原类型和造成虹鳟低死亡率的原因,研究对患病虹鳟进行了病理学观察、病毒的分离和鉴定以及动物感染实验。临床检查发现发病虹鳟体色变黑,肌肉和腹壁点状出血。病理学观察发现虹鳟造血器官脾和肾间组织严重坏死。通过反转录PCR法检测坏死组织和病变细胞中传染性造血器官坏死病毒、出血性败血病毒和传染性胰腺坏死病毒,并对得到的371 bp大小片段进行测序和构建进化树分析,发现感染病原为传染性造血器官坏死病毒。同时,给体重为1.5 kg健康虹鳟腹腔注射104 TCID50的组织滤液,累计死亡率达到35%。除此之外,将组织滤液接种到鲤鱼上皮瘤细胞系后出现了特征性病变。在实验过程中未发现细菌或寄生虫感染。结果证实引起虹鳟低死亡率的病原为传染性造血器官坏死病毒。     

鳜鱼传染性脾肾坏死病毒的胞嘧啶5-甲基转移酶基因结构及其序列分析

对鳜鱼传染性脾肾坏死病毒（infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus,ISKNV）的胞嘧啶5－甲基转移酶（MTase）基因的结构及序列进行了分析。序列比较分析表明,ISKNV MTase编码区全长684bp,编码长227个氨基酸的蛋白质,推测分子量为25855D。与一些细菌的MTase比较,ISKNV MTase也含有负责转移甲基的4个保守区,但缺乏识别靶序列的保守区。比较ISKNV与其它6种脊椎动物虹彩病毒的MTase序列并建立系统树,ISKNV显著不同于蛙病毒属和淋巴囊肿病毒属。7种脊椎动物虹彩病毒MTase具有高度保守区,可以此设计引物用PCR方法鉴定脊椎动物虹彩病毒。     

鳜传染性脾肾坏死病毒主衣壳蛋白基因结构及序列分析

分析了鳜传染性脾肾坏死病毒(infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus,ISKNV)的主衣壳蛋白(MCP)基因结构及其序列。对ISKNV DNA Kpn I L酶切片段的序列分析结果发现,该序列中含有完整的MCP基因。ISKNV MCP基因完整读码框为1362bp,比含量为56．24％,编码一个长为453aa、分子量为49．61kD、等电点为6．25的推定蛋白。结构分析发现,该基因具有启动子元件TATA框和CAAT基序。根据对虹彩病毒MCP系统进化树和脊椎动物虹彩病毒的生物学特性的分析比较发现,ISKNV、RSIV、SBIV、GIV和ALIV等在养殖海、淡水鱼类中引起其脾、肾、固有层和表皮细胞肿大的虹彩病毒,是独立于蛙病毒属和淋巴囊肿病毒属的又一新脊椎动物虹彩病毒类群。     

大口黑鲈蛙虹彩病毒病研究进展

大口黑鲈（Micropterus salmoides）,俗称加州鲈,是我国最重要名优养殖鱼类之一,具有极高的产业开发价值。近年来,大口黑鲈的养殖产业获得了飞速发展,而病害问题成为制约大口黑鲈产业持续健康发展的主要因素,其中以蛙虹彩病毒感染引起的病毒性疾病影响最大。本文就大口黑鲈蛙虹彩病毒病的研究历史、临床症状和病理变化、流行病学、感染机制、疾病诊断及防控措施等方面的研究进展进行综述,以期为该病的基础研究和疫病防控提供参考。     

鳜传染性脾肾坏死病毒研究进展

自1994年以来,鳜传染性脾肾坏死病毒病每年给我国鳜养殖业造成数亿元的经济损失,严重制约着鳜鱼养殖业的发展,目前已被列为国际兽医局(International Epizootic Office,OIE)申报疫病。其病原传染性脾肾坏死病毒因广泛的宿主范围和极高的致死率,越来越得到研究者的关注。本综述对近年来有关传染性脾肾坏死病毒的病原特性、功能基因、检测方法和疫苗研制等研究进行概述、归纳与简评,旨在为鳜传染性脾肾坏死病毒研究提供借鉴。     

池塘养殖斑鳢弹状病毒的分离与初步鉴定

从患暴发性死亡的斑鳢病灶中分离出一株弹状病毒。 取病鱼肝、脾、肾组织过滤液接种EPC、FHM细胞, 连续传至第3代后28℃培养35h出现细胞病变(CPE), 测得病毒半数细胞感染量为10-5.746/0.1 mL。将病变细胞制成超薄切片, 透射电镜下观察到细胞质中存在大量呈子弹状的病毒颗粒, 大小约53 nm140 nm。用上述组织过滤液及F3代细胞培养病毒液回归感染健康斑鳢均能显示与自然发病鱼相似的症状, 死亡率达100%。根据鳜鱼弹状病毒(Siniperca chuatsi rhabdovirus, SCRV)N蛋白保守序列设计的引物对斑鳢病毒的基因组RNA进行RT-PCR扩增, 得到大小约400 bp的阳性片段。对该片段克隆、测序后与GenBank中序列进行BLAST比对, 发现该基因序列与SCRV同源性最高, 为94%。选取GenBank中已登录的病毒性出血败血症病毒(VHSV)、鳢弹状病毒(SHRV)、鲤春病毒血症病毒(SVCV)、鳜鱼弹状病毒(SCRV)、传染性造血器官坏死病毒(IHNV)、狂犬病毒(RV)、牙鲆弹状病毒(HIRRV)相关序列构建系统进化树, 结果表明, 该基因序列与SCRV聚为一支。由于该病毒粒子的形态大小与SCRV(100 nm200 nm)存在一定差异, 暂将其命名为斑鳢弹状病毒(CHRV)。       

鳜传染性脾肾坏死病毒主要衣壳蛋白基因的原核表达

根据鳜鱼传染性脾肾坏死病毒(Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus, ISKNV)主要衣壳蛋白(Major Capsid protein, MCP)基因(mcp)序列设计引物,PCR扩增得到一长约1400bp的DNA片段, 将其克隆到pGEM-T Easy Vector.氨基酸亲水性分析表明,在150-250位氨基酸之间亲水性很高,可构成主要抗原决定簇及形成跨膜区.mcp基因经PCR改造后克隆至原核表达载体pBV220,构建表达MCP的大肠杆菌基因工程菌,该工程菌经42℃诱导,SDS-PAGE检测,在约50kDa处有一特异蛋白带,含量约为菌体总蛋白的23%.用纯化和复性后的蛋白免疫新西兰大白兔制备抗血清,Western-blotting分析显示,重组MCP制备的抗血清能与ISKNV MCP特异结合,说明表达产物具有与ISKNV MCP相似的抗原特性.     

湖北省池塘养殖大口黑鲈的鳃部外来单殖吸虫调查

为了评估外来单殖吸虫对我国养殖大口黑鲈Micropterus salmoides (Laceped e, 1802)的危害和入侵风险,对湖北省池塘养殖大口黑鲈的单殖吸虫感染情况进行了调查。调查发现鳃部有2种锚首虫科(Ancyrocephalidae)单殖吸虫,通过形态学鉴定,确定其分别为异形锁钩虫Onchocleidus dispar Mueller, 1936和Clavunculus bursatus (Mueller, 1936),且该2种锚首虫均为外来寄生虫。在湖北大冶的大口黑鲈养殖场,异形锁钩虫和C.bursatus的感染率分别为12.90%和1.08%,平均感染丰度分别为0.14和0.02;在武汉新洲大口黑鲈养殖场,大口黑鲈仅感染有异形锁钩虫,其感染率和平均感染丰度分别为22.22%和2.14。与原产地相比,大口黑鲈引进到中国后,鳃上寄生单殖吸虫种类明显减少;异形锁钩虫在长江中游养殖的大口黑鲈中已建立种群。     

Crystal structure, detonation performance, and thermal stability of a new polynitro cage compound: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptacyclo [5.5.1.13, 11. 15, 9] pentadecane

A new polynitro cage compound 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptcyclo [5.5.1.1(3,11).1(5,9)] pentadecane (NNNAHP) was designed in the present work. Its molecular structure was optimized at the B3LYP/6-31 G(d,p) level of density functional theory (DFT) and crystal structure was predicted using the Compass and Dreiding force fields and refined by DFT GGA-RPBE method. The obtained crystal structure of NNNAHP belongs to the P-1 space group and the lattice parameters are a = 9.99 ?, b = 10.78 ?, c = 9.99 ?, α = 90.01°, β = 120.01°, γ = 90.00°, and Z = 2, respectively. Based on the optimized crystal structure, the band gap, density of state, thermodynamic properties, infrared spectrum, strain energy, detonation characteristics, and thermal stability were predicted. Calculation results show that NNNAHP has detonation properties close to those of CL-20 and is a high energy density compound with moderate stability.     

Relations of the Al,B, Ba,Br, Ca,Cl, Cu,Fe, K,Li, Mg,Mn, Na,P, S,Si, Sr,and Zn mass fractions to morphometric parameters in pediatric and nonhyperplastic young adult prostate glands

The variation with age of the 18 trace element mass fractions and some histological characteristics of intact prostate glands of 50 subjects aged 0–30 years was investigated by instrumental neutron activation analysis, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and a quantitative morphometric analysis. Mean values ± standard error of the mean (M ± SΕΜ) for the mass fractions (in milligrams per kilogram wet tissue) of these trace elements in pre-puberty were: Al 28.5 ± 9.0, B 0.40 ± 0.11, Ba 1.48 ± 0.44, Br 10.5 ± 1.5, Ca 241 ± 30, Cl 3,203 ± 278, Cu 3.51 ± 0.89, Fe 33.7 ± 4.1, K 2,364 ± 145, Li 0.020 ± 0.004, Mg 153 ± 23, Mn 0.46 ± 0.06, Na 2,286 ± 130, P 1,391 ± 100, S 1,698 ± 132, Si 62 ± 11, Sr 0.38 ± 0.08, and Zn 27.6 ± 2.3. During puberty and postpuberty, when there is a significant increase in circulating androgens, the mean values were: Al 7.2 ± 1.4, B 0.21 ± 0.05, Ba 0.25 ± 0.06, Br 5.8 ± 1.0, Ca 433 ± 81, Cl 2,314 ± 201, Cu 1.77 ± 0.13, Fe 20.9 ± 1.6, K 2,585 ± 118, Li 0.0088 ± 0.0014, Mg 232 ± 27, Mn 0.34 ± 0.04, Na 1,875 ± 107, P 1,403 ± 98, S 1,673 ± 73, Si 22.2 ± 3.1, Sr 0.22 ± 0.03, and Zn 93.3 ± 8.9. Mean values (M ± SΕΜ) of percent volumes (%) of the stroma, epithelium and lumen in the prostate before puberty were 73.4 ± 2.6, 20.4 ± 1.7, and 4.45 ± 0.94, respectively, versus 46.5 ± 2.5, 38.5 ± 1.9, and 14.9 ± 1.2 during puberty and postpuberty. This work’s results confirm that the Zn mass fraction in prostate tissue is an androgen-dependent parameter. For the first time it has been demonstrated that the glandular lumen is a main pool of Ca, Mg, and Zn accumulation and that the stroma is a main pool of Al, B, Ba, Br, Cl, Cu, Fe, Mn, Na, and Si accumulation in the normal human prostate, for the age range 0–30 years. It was concluded that the Ca, Mg, and Zn binds tightly within the prostatic fluid, because the volume of glandular lumen reflects the volume of prostatic fluid.     

Simultaneous measurement of the trace elements Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum and their reference ranges by ICP-MS

The goal of this article was to establish reference ranges of the concentration of trace elements in human serum and to compare these results with those reported by other authors. We describe the sample preparation and measurement conditions that allow the rapid, precise, and accurate determination of Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum samples (n=110) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Accuracy and precision were determined by analyzing three reconstituted reference serum samples by comparison with other methods and by the standard addition procedure. The advantages of the ICP-MS method include short time of analysis of the elements mentioned, low detection limit, high precision, and high accuracy. Disadventages include a high risk of contamination due to the presence of some of the elements of interest in the environment, the relatively delicate sample handling, and the high cost of the equipment.     

The Effect of Age and Gender on Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Sr, V, and Zn Contents in Rib Bone of Healthy Humans

The effect of age and gender on major, minor, and trace element contents in the intact rib bone of 80 relatively healthy 15–55-year-old women and men was investigated. Contents or upper limit of contents of 16 chemical elements in the rib bone were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Mean values (M?±?SΕΜ) for the mass fraction of Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Na, P, S, Sr, and Zn (milligram per kilogram of dry bone) were as follows: 2.54?±?0.16, 171,400?±?4,050, 1.35?±?0.22, 140?±?11, 1,874?±?71, 0.049?±?0.011, 2,139?±?38, 5,378?±?88, 75,140?±?1,660, 1,881?±?51, 291?±?20, and 92.8?±?1.5, respectively. The upper limits of contents of Al, B, Mn, and V were <7.20, <0.65, <0.36, and <0.03, respectively. Statistically significant tendency for the Ca, Mg, and P content to decrease with age was found in the human rib bone, regardless of gender. The mass fraction of Fe in the male rib bone increases with age. It was shown that higher Ca, Mg, Na, P, and Sr mass fractions as well as lower Fe content were typical of female ribs as compared to those in male ribs.     

Distribution of N,P, K,Ca, Mg,S, Zn,Fe, Mn and Cu in groundnut

Summary Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in summer groundnut crop was higher than in kharif while Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents were higher in summer crop. Kernel's N, P and Zn; Leaflet's Ca and Mn; Stem's K and Fe; Root's S and Cu and Petiole's Mg contents were highest. Shell's N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn and Cu; Kernel's Ca, Fe and Mn contents were the least. N, P, K, S, Zn and Cu concentrations decreased linearly as the crop grew. Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations did not display any distinct pattern. Ca concentration was positively correlated with pod yield in both the seasons.     

Reference values for the concentrations of As,Cd, Co,Cr, Cu,Fe, I,Hg, Mn,Mo, Ni,Pb, Se,and Zn in selected human tissues and body fluids

This report attempts to formulate reference ranges of elemental concentrations for 15 trace elements in selected human tissues and body fluids. A set of samples consisting of whole blood, blood serum, urine, milk, liver, and hair were chosen and considered for 15 elements of biological significance: As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, F, Fe, I, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn. The results represent wholly or partially data received from 40 countries of the global regions of Africa, Asia, Europe, North, South, and Central America, Australia, and New Zealand. This survey, even if qualitative, has been useful in demonstrating certain trends of trace-element scenarios around the world. It is of course recognized that both diet and environment exert a strong influence on the distribution pattern of several elements, such as As, Cd, Mn, Pb, Se, and Zn. A limited comparison of the available information on soil status of different countries reflected some interesting associations for elements, such as Mn and Zn. Importantly, this study revealed that only a few countries were in a position to identify a reasonable amount of data on samples requested for this project. Regretably, for a number of countries, any dependable data for even such essential elements as Cu, Fe, and Zn were not available. In view of the nutritional importance of many elements, the time is ripe for concerted efforts by intergovernmental agencies to initiate investigations or commission task forces/projects to generate reliable reference data for selected global regions, which sadly lack data of any kind at present.     

New Coleoptera records from New Brunswick, Canada: Stenotrachelidae, Oedemeridae, Meloidae, Myceteridae, Boridae, Pythidae, Pyrochroidae, Anthicidae, and Aderidae

We report 19 new species records for the faunal list of Coleoptera in New Brunswick, Canada, six of which are new records for the Maritime provinces, and one of which is new Canadian record. We also provide the first recent records for five additional species in New Brunswick. One new species of Stenotrachelidae, Cephaloon ungulare LeConte, is added to the New Brunswick faunal list. Additional records are provided for Cephaloon lepturides Newman, as well the first recent record of Nematoplus collaris LeConte. Two species of Oedemeridae, Asclera puncticollis (Say) and Asclera ruficollis (Say), are newly reported for New Brunswick, and additional locality and bionomic data are provided for Calopus angustus LeConte and Ditylus caeruleus (Randall). The records of Ditylus caerulus are the first recent records for the province. Three species of Meloidae, Epicauta pestifera Werner, Lytta sayi LeConte, and Meloe augustcollis Say are reported the first time for New Brunswick; Epicauta pestifera is newly recorded in Canada. Lacconotus punctatus LeConte and the family Mycteridaeis newly recorded for New Brunswick. The first recent records of Borus unicolor Say (Boridae) are reported from the province. One new species of Pythidae, Pytho siedlitzi Blair, and the first recent records of Pytho niger Kirby are added to the faunal list of New Brunswick. Three species of Pyrochroidae are newly reported for the province, including Pedilus canaliculatus (LeConte) and Pedilus elegans (Hentz), which are new for the Maritime provinces. Five species of Anthicidae and the first recent record of Anthicus cervinus LaFerté-Sénectére are newly reported for New Brunswick. Anthicus melancholicus LaFerté-Sénectère, Sapintus pubescens (LaFerté-Sénectère), Notoxus bifasciatus (LeConte), and Stereopalpus rufipes Casey are new to the Maritime provinces faunal list. Ambyderus granularis (LeConte) is removed from the faunal list of the province. Three species of Aderidae, Vanonus huronicus Casey, Zonantes fasciatus (Melsheimer), and Zonantes pallidusWerner, are newly recorded for New Brunswick; Zonantes fasciatus and Vanonus huronicus are new for the Maritime provinces' faunal list. Collection data, bionomic data, and distribution maps are presented for all these species.     

Potential Compounds for Oral Cancer Treatment: Resveratrol,Nimbolide, Lovastatin,Bortezomib, Vorinostat,Berberine, Pterostilbene,Deguelin, Andrographolide,and Colchicine

Oral cancer is one of the main causes of cancer-related deaths in South-Asian countries. There are very limited treatment options available for oral cancer. Research endeavors focused on discovery and development of novel therapies for oral cancer, is necessary to control the ever rising oral cancer related mortalities. We mined the large pool of compounds from the publicly available compound databases, to identify potential therapeutic compounds for oral cancer. Over 84 million compounds were screened for the possible anti-cancer activity by custom build SVM classifier. The molecular targets of the predicted anti-cancer compounds were mined from reliable sources like experimental bioassays studies associated with the compound, and from protein-compound interaction databases. Therapeutic compounds from DrugBank, and a list of natural anti-cancer compounds derived from literature mining of published studies, were used for building partial least squares regression model. The regression model thus built, was used for the estimation of oral cancer specific weights based on the molecular targets. These weights were used to compute scores for screening the predicted anti-cancer compounds for their potential to treat oral cancer. The list of potential compounds was annotated with corresponding physicochemical properties, cancer specific bioactivity evidences, and literature evidences. In all, 288 compounds with the potential to treat oral cancer were identified in the current study. The majority of the compounds in this list are natural products, which are well-tolerated and have minimal side-effects compared to the synthetic counterparts. Some of the potential therapeutic compounds identified in the current study are resveratrol, nimbolide, lovastatin, bortezomib, vorinostat, berberine, pterostilbene, deguelin, andrographolide, and colchicine.