北京典型绿化树种幼苗光合特性对硬化地表的响应

以北京典型绿化树种油松(Pinus tabulaeformis)、白蜡(Fraxinus chinensis)和元宝枫(Acer truncatum)幼苗为试验材料,设置透水硬化地表、不透水硬化地表和对照3个水平的地表类型,通过监测地表温度、土壤含水量(20 cm)和光合参数等指标,分析3种树木叶片光合特性对硬化地表的响应特征。结果表明:城市硬化地表极显著地提高了地表温度(P0.01),表现为透水地表不透水地表对照;不透水地表极显著地降低了3种树木土壤含水量(P0.01);透水地表极显著地提高了油松和元宝枫土壤含水量(P0.01)。两种硬化地表下油松、元宝枫和不透水地表下白蜡幼苗叶片的净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度降低,株高和基径生长受到抑制。硬化地表对油松和元宝枫的影响主要源于硬化地表形成的高温胁迫,对白蜡的影响主要源于不透水地表形成的干旱胁迫。因此,在配置和种植城市绿化植物时,为缓解硬化地表对城市树木生长发育的不利影响,应选择适应高温和干旱的植物,并采取降温和灌溉措施来降低硬化地表的影响。     

人工覆盖地表对北京典型绿化树光合特性的影响

地表硬化影响城市绿化树生长及生态服务功能的发挥,研究人工覆盖地表下城市绿化树关键生理过程具有重要意义.采用田间模拟试验方法,布设对照(自然地表)、透水硬化和不透水硬化3种覆盖地表,栽植北京2种典型绿化树白蜡和元宝枫,栽植后第4年野外测定其叶片光合及相关生理生态参数,分析人工覆盖地表对北京典型绿化树光合特性的影响.结果表明:白蜡和元宝枫光合作用对不同人工覆盖地表的响应存在差异,对于白蜡而言,透水硬化和不透水硬化地表均使其净光合速率显著降低,对于元宝枫而言,仅不透水硬化地表导致其净光合速率显著降低,透水硬化地表并未对其造成显著影响.透水硬化和不透水硬化地表的空气相对湿度和土壤体积含水率低于对照,植物可利用水分减少,叶片气孔导度下降是白蜡和元宝枫净光合速率降低的主要原因.透水硬化和不透水硬化地表使白蜡PSⅡ有效光化学量子产量(F_v′/F_m′)下降,不透水硬化地表使元宝枫PSⅡ实际光化学量子效率(Φ_PSⅡ)和表观电子传递速率(ETR)升高.     

元宝枫幼苗生长和光合特性对硬化地表的响应

以北京典型绿化树种元宝枫(Acer truncatum)幼苗为试验对象,设置透水硬化地表、不透水硬化地表和对照(自然地表)3种地表类型,分析了元宝枫幼苗主要生理生态指标和生长指标对硬化地表的响应特征。结果表明:相比于对照,2种硬化地表引起地表温度显著升高,元宝枫幼苗叶片净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、光合色素含量、光系统II光化学有效量子产量(Fv'/Fm')、PSII实际光量子效率(ФPSII)、光合电子传递速率(ETR)、光化学猝灭系数(qp)及最大净光合速率(Pmax)、表观量子效率(AQY)和光饱和点(LSP)均下降,叶片丙二醛(MDA)含量增加,株高和基径降低。硬化地表引起地表温度升高,对元宝枫幼苗生长造成了热胁迫,严重伤害了植物光系统II,光合电子传递被限制,减少了植物叶片的光合作用,抑制了植物生长。与不透水地表相比,透水地表粗糙度和孔隙度较高,增加了透水地表的热储存和热传导能力,地表温度显著升高形成的热胁迫对植物的生理伤害和生长影响更大。因此,在城市建设中,应考虑降低硬化地表的温度,以缓解城市绿化树种可能受到的热胁迫。     

硬化地表对不同树种土壤微生物群落结构和功能的影响

城市硬化地表可减少土壤有机物输入,并改变土壤理化性质,由此可能影响土壤微生物群落结构和功能,但目前国内外相关研究较少。为研究不同树种下土壤微生物群落对硬化地表的响应,设置透水硬化地表(Pervious pavement, P)、不透水硬化地表(Impervious pavement, IP)和自然地表(Control, C)3个处理水平的地表类型,并栽种北方常见的常绿针叶树油松(pine,Pinus tabulaeformis)和落叶阔叶树白蜡(ash,Fraxinus chinensis)。采用氯仿熏蒸浸提法、磷脂脂肪酸法(PLFA)及BIOLOG培养法分别测定了土壤微生物量、群落结构和功能多样性。结果表明:(1)与自然地表(C)相比,硬化地表下土壤微生物生物量碳、氮含量显著降低(P0.05),土壤微生物群落组成和群落功能多样性发生了改变。透水和不透水硬化地表下土壤微生物细菌、真菌数量降低,真菌/细菌(fungi/bacteria, F/B)、cy/pre(环丙基脂肪酸/前体结构cyclopropyl fatty acid/monoenoic precursors)和sat/mono(一般饱和脂肪酸/单不饱和脂肪酸normal saturated fatty acid/monounsaturated fatty acid)等环境压力指标均显著升高(P0.05),且土壤微生物cy/pre值在不透水硬化地表下显著高于透水硬化地表下,表明不透水硬化地表下土壤环境压力更大;不透水硬化地表下土壤微生物对糖类、氨基酸类、羧酸类、胺类和聚合物的利用显著降低(P0.05),微生物群落功能丰富度及多样性指数显著降低(P0.05)。(2)土壤微生物群落结构和功能多样性在不同树种间存在一定差异。油松树下土壤微生物真菌、丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, AMF)和F/B值在透水和不透水硬化地表下均显著降低(P0.05),而白蜡树下只在透水硬化地表下显著降低(P0.05);硬化地表使土壤微生物对糖类、氨基酸类和聚合物的利用强度在油松和白蜡树下表现出显著差异。硬化地表对土壤微生物的影响将进一步影响城市绿地的养分循环、树木生境和生态系统服务功能。     

林分密度对思茅松人工林根系生物量空间分布的影响

以云南省普洱市思茅松人工林中14a龄林为研究对象,对5种造林密度(1m×1m、1.5m×1.5m、2m×1m、2m×2m、2m×3m)的思茅松人工林的林分特征及其根系生物量空间分布进行调查分析,以明确林分密度对思茅松人工林细根生物量空间分布的影响,为思茅松人工林经营管理提供理论依据。结果表明:(1)树高和胸径随着林分密度的减少呈增大趋势,而生物量呈减少趋势。(2)14a思茅松人工林的细根生物量随林分密度的增大而减少,单株细根生物量随林分密度的减小而增大,但粗根与死根生物量在5个林分密度之间无显著差异。(3)细根生物量主要分布在土壤上层,其中40.21%~54.73%的细根集中在0~10cm土壤深度,不同林分密度的细根生物量随土层深度的增加而减少的趋势较为明显,随着林分密度的减小,土壤上层的细根生物量比例呈先增加后减少的趋势。(4)林分密度和土壤深度对细根生物量有显著影响,而且乔木个体大小差异与细根生物量具有极显著的负相关关系,而单株细根生物量与林分密度、乔木个体大小差异、地下生物量及胸高断面积之间呈显著或极显著的负相关关系,而与树高和胸径之间呈显著正相关关系。     

硬化地表对油松和白蜡树下非根围及根围土壤微生物量碳氮的影响

硬化地表是城市化发展的重要特征,为了明确硬化地表下土壤环境的变化,以北京典型绿化树油松和白蜡为试验材料,设置透水硬化地表(PP)、不透水硬化地表(IPP)和自然地表(Ctr)3个水平的地表类型,探讨硬化地表对非根围和根围土壤微生物量碳(MBC)、氮(MBN)的影响。结果表明,与对照(Ctr)相比,PP和IPP显著降低了油松和白蜡树下非根围土壤MBC、MBN、MBC/OC(微生物量碳/有机碳)和MBN/TN(微生物量氮/全氮)(P<0.05),并显著降低了油松树下根围土壤MBN/TN(P<0.05);PP显著降低了白蜡树下根围土壤MBN、MBC/OC、MBN/TN和油松树下根围土壤MBC(P<0.05)。硬化地表引起的土壤MBC、MBN的变化与土壤全碳、全氮、有机碳的变化显著正相关(P<0.05),MBN的变化与含水量呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。可见,硬化地表不利于土壤微生物的生长,并且在非根围土壤中表现更为明显,这种不利影响将可能进一步影响城市绿地的养分循环、树木生境和生态系统服务功能。     

羊草种群生物量分配动态模拟

基于4种密度羊草种群的温室模拟试验,分析了羊草种群地上生物量与地下生物量的动态变化．结果表明：羊草种群的地上生物量与地下生物量随生长期呈增加的趋势,且随密度的增加而增加,但不同密度间羊草地上生物量与地下生物量的相对生长速率没有显著差异;不同密度羊草种群的根冠比随生长进程而增加,但差异不显著,表明环境因子是影响羊草种群根冠比变化的主导因素;单株羊草及羊草种群的地上生物量和地下生物量间存在显著的幂函数关系,但幂函数指数与系数随羊草密度的变化而变化,表明资源竞争引起的微环境差异导致了羊草种群根冠比的动态变化,可为定量研究光合产物分配提供参考．     

造林密度对水曲柳人工林地上生长和细根生物量的影响

密度对林木个体生长和林分蓄积量增长均有重要的影响,但是林分密度与树木根系之间的相互作用并不明确。为此,本研究以黑龙江省帽儿山4种造林密度(处理Ⅰ:株行距:1.0 m×1.0 m,Ⅱ:1.5 m×1.5 m,Ⅲ:2.0 m×2.0 m和Ⅳ:1.5 m×3.0 m)水曲柳(Fraxinus mandschurica Rupr.)人工林为研究对象,在2012—2016年连续测定了林木的胸径和叶生产量(2013、2014和2016年)以及每年的林木枯死状况,并在2013年采用根钻法和内生长法分别对细根(直径≤2.0 mm)和吸收根(直径≤0.5 mm)的现存量和生产量进行了估计。结果表明:密度最低的处理IV中树木分杈率最高(31.55%),平均树高最低;密度次低的处理III中,胸径和树高均高于其他处理。叶生产量随着林龄增加而增大,以处理II中最高。总的林木自然枯死率以密度处理I最高。样地水平上,近5年林木株数保存率与叶生产量、胸径年生长量均为负相关(前者统计上显著)。细根和吸收根的现存量与生产量均以处理IV最高,处理I~IV中吸收根现存量分别为(184.62±17.73)、(146.45±5.59)、(150.32±5.39)和(242.81±19.07)g·m~(-2)。样地水平上,吸收根现存量和生产量均与林分密度负相关(后者统计上显著)。吸收根与叶生产量和胸径年生长量的比值以处理IV中最高,而其他处理间差异则相对较小。综合来看,造林密度2500株·hm-2林分具有最大的平均胸径和树高,最高的株数保存率,以及较为合理的吸收根和叶生产量比例,是本地区最适宜的密度。     

红松杈干类型与林分密度、个体生长指标及丰年株均结实量的关系

选取4种密度的红松人工林,设置15块25 m×40 m的临时样地,采用单因素Logistic回归分析和Meta分析方法定量分析了不同杈干类型与红松林分密度、树高、胸径、冠幅及丰年结实量的关系。结果表明:杈干率随着密度的增大呈现降低趋势,与密度600株·hm~(-2)相比,密度750、900和1200株·hm-2的杈干发生概率分别降低了24%、51%和59%;3种杈干类型中以双杈为主,样地内双杈类型株数占杈干总株数的60%以上;杈干对红松各项生长指标和丰年结实量均有显著影响(P≤0.05),杈干木的平均树高、胸径、冠幅和丰年单株球果产量与未杈干木相比分别增加了2.12%、4.69%、4.89%和29.57%;不同杈干类型对红松树高、胸径和结实的影响规律不同,单杈类型对红松生长和结实指标影响不显著(P0.05),其平均树高、胸径、冠幅、丰年单株结实量分别比未杈干类型增加了1.49%、1.99%、1.47%和20.64%;双杈和多杈干类型的各指标与未杈干类型相比有显著差异(P≤0.05),其平均树高、胸径、冠幅及丰年单株球果产量比未杈干木分别增加了2.07%和2.90%,6.00%和6.09%,6.29%和5.99%,及34.61%和26.22%。Logistic回归模型和Meta分析结果证明,红松杈干木对生长结实的促进效应明显,其中双杈和多杈干类型的促进效应表现明显,单杈木的杈干效应不明显,40 a左右的红松人工林杈干效应在林分密度600~750株·hm~(-2)是最佳的。     

种植密度对鳄嘴花(Clinacanthus nutans)生长动态及生物量分配的影响研究

通过不同种植密度对鳄嘴花生长动态和生物量分配的影响研究得到,5×5组生根率较大,而种植密度过于稀疏将严重影响鳄嘴花根系的形成和生长,甚至导致植株死亡。鳄嘴花叶片在15×15组表现出较高的叶片数量。但是较高或较低的种植密度均导致鳄嘴花叶片数量下降,且表现出显著差异性(P0.05)。但是不同种植密度的鳄嘴花叶片叶绿素a、b浓度、相对叶绿素含量均不显著(P0.05)。10×10组(或15×15组)的枝条长度较长、枝条数和枝节数较均较多,而2×2组(15×15组的枝节数也较少)的枝条长度均较短、枝条数和枝节数较均较少。地上空间资源充足减轻了由于密度制约带来的生长限制,更有利于鳄嘴花地上部分的生长。但是茎围的变化与以上3个指标存在一定的差异性。15×15组根生物量、茎生物量、叶生物量、总生物量以及茎生物量分配比例和叶生物量分配比例均较高,而2×2组均较低。随着种植株行距增大,鳄嘴花的根冠比和根的生物量分配比例均逐渐下降。说明在高种植密度环境下鳄嘴花将更多的光合产物向地下部分,以保证根的生长来吸收更多的水分及其他营养物质。     

On the significance of belowground overyielding in temperate mixed forests: separating species identity and species diversity effects

Complementary soil exploration by the root systems of coexisting tree species has been hypothesised to result in a higher root biomass of mixed forests than of monocultures but the existing evidence for a belowground diversity effect in forests is scarce and not conclusive. In a species‐rich temperate broad‐leaved forest, we analysed the fine root biomass (roots ≤ 2 mm) and necromass in 100 plots differing in tree species diversity (one to three species) and species composition (all possible combinations of five species of the genera Acer, Carpinus, Fagus, Fraxinus and Tilia) which allowed us to separate possible species diversity and species identity effects on fine root biomass. We found no evidence of a positive diversity effect on standing fine root biomass and thus of overyielding in terms of root biomass. Root necromass decreased with increasing species diversity at marginal significance. Various lines of evidence indicate significant species identity effects on fine root biomass (10–20% higher fine root biomass in plots with presence of maple and beech than in plots with hornbeam; 100% higher fine root biomass in monospecific beech and ash plots than in hornbeam plots; differences significant). Ash fine roots tended to be over‐represented in the 2‐ and 3‐species mixed plots compared to monospecific ash plots pointing at apparent belowground competitive superiority of Fraxinus in this mixed forest. Our results indicate that belowground overyielding and spatial complementarity of root systems may be the exception rather than the rule in temperate mixed forests.     

Impact of invasion of Acer platanoides on canopy structure and understory seedling growth in a hardwood forest in North America

Invasion by exotic plant species is known to affect native communities and ecosystems, but the mechanisms of the impacts are much less understood. In a field study, we examined the effects of a tree invader, Acer platanoides (Norway maple, NM), on canopy structure and seedling growth in the understory of a North American deciduous forest. The experimental site contains a monospecific patch of A. platanoides and a mixed patch of A. platanoides with its native congener, A. rubrum (red maple, RM). In the study, we examined canopy characteristics of three types of trees in the forests, i.e., RM trees in the mixed forest, NM trees in the mixed forest, and NM trees in its monospecific patch. Height growth and biomass production of RM and NM seedlings under intact canopies and newly created gaps of the three types of trees were followed for two growing seasons. We found that removal of half of the canopy from focal trees increased canopy openness and light transmission to the forest floor, but to a greater extent under NM trees than under RM trees. Seedlings of these two Acer species varied greatly in biomass production under canopies of the same type of trees and in their responses to canopy opening. For example, seedlings of the exotic NM grown under the native RM trees in the mixed forests increased biomass production by 102.4% compared to NM seedlings grown under conspecific trees. The native RM seedlings grown under NM trees, however, reduced biomass production by 23.5% compared to those grown under conspecific trees. It was also observed that RM was much more responsive in biomass production to canopy opening than NM. For instance, total seedling biomass increased by 632.2% in RM, but by only 134.6% in NM in response to the newly created gaps. In addition, we found that NM seedlings allocated a greater portion of biomass below-ground as canopy openness increased, whereas the same trend was not observed in RM seedlings. Our results thus demonstrated that invasion of NM significantly altered canopy structure and community dynamics in the hardwood forest. Because the exotic NM seedlings are able to grow well under the native RM trees, but not vice versa, NM will likely expand its distribution in the forests and make it an ever increasingly serious tree invader in its non-native habitats, including North America.     

干旱区绿洲城市树木健康评估及影响因素——以乌鲁木齐市为例

树木作为城市绿色基础设施重要组分,其健康直接影响城市生态系统服务及人居环境质量。城市化进程加快导致生态土地缺失,同时缺乏合理养护加之极端自然条件干扰对树木健康造成严重威胁。为揭示城市树木健康风险及影响因素,对乌鲁木齐市核心城区117个样地绿化树木进行健康评估,从4个维度12个指标构建树木健康分级体系,基于样地调查结果,分析树木组成、结构、关联性、健康状况及影响因素,揭示乌鲁木齐市不同功能区树木健康差异。旨在为研究区树木健康保护、城市绿地可持续经营及城市生态文明建设提供理论依据和数据支撑。结果表明：（1）乌鲁木齐市城市园林树木乔灌比为8.3 ： 1,树木多样性与种间关联程度较低。榆树占比高达43.87%,其中白榆占比22.62%,是主要优势树种;（2）不同树种健康程度呈现差异性,榆树类健康状况呈现圆冠榆 > 大叶榆 > 白榆 > 垂枝榆特征;（3）城市不同功能区树木健康也呈现异质性;以公园和居住小区树木健康分值较高,而行道树和学校庭院树木健康分值相对较低,且冗余分析进一步揭示地面铺装、林木配置结构、生长空间和胸径对树木健康影响程度最为显著。未来优化城市树木生境条件、提升物种丰富度、加强古树名木保育和提高园林绿化管理水平是维护和提升绿洲城市树木健康的重要举措。     

入侵害虫悬铃木方翅网蝽越冬后期在豫北寄主树干上的分布研究

【目的】入侵害虫悬铃木方翅网蝽近年来严重威胁我国城市行道树二球悬铃木的健康,受害严重时造成树木死亡。在越冬后期对悬铃木树干上的悬铃木方翅网蝽成虫的越冬习性开展研究,能为冬季防治积累生物学研究基础。【方法】早春随机调查河南省新乡市行道树二球悬铃木树干栓皮层外层下方隐藏的悬铃木方翅网蝽成虫,比较阳侧和阴侧虫口密度。同时记载悬铃木树干0.00~0.50 m、0.51~1.00 m、1.01~1.50 m、1.51~2.00 m 4个不同高度区段范围和树干皮层外层皲裂程度在5%以下、5%~25%、25%~50%、50%~75%、75%~95%、95%以上6个等级条件下害虫的虫口密度。【结果】栖息在悬铃木树干树皮下方的悬铃木方翅网蝽在阴面更多,阴面和阳面的虫口密度差异达极其显著水平[(F=6.63)(F0.01(1,19)=1.0132),P=0.00]。对寄主树干4个不同高度区段的虫口密度比较后,发现在树干1.0~1.5 m区段间的虫口密度最大,平均11.5头;且虫口密度在悬铃木不同高度区段间存在极显著差异[(F=26.91)(F0.01(3,56)=4.1519),P=0.00]。悬铃木树皮的不同皲裂程度对悬铃木方翅网蝽虫口密度的影响达极其显著水平[(F=31.02)(F0.01(3,56)=4.1519),P=0.00],在树皮外皮50%~75%皲裂程度条件下的虫口密度最大,平均9.8头。利用双因素方差分析方法分析树干不同高度和树皮不同皲裂等级的互作对虫口密度的分布影响达显著水平[(F=2.46)(F0.05(9,56)=2.0519),P=0.0195]。【结论】华北地区害虫秋冬防治时,在寄主悬铃木树干的最好涂白时机是在害虫全部下树后的12月上中旬进行,涂白高度以树干1.0~2.0 m范围为宜。本研究对悬铃木方翅网蝽在越冬期的预防和治理有较为重要的参考价值。     

Spatial Characteristics of the Invasion of Acer platanoides on a Temperate Forested Island

We examined the spatial pattern of an introduced population of Norway maple (Acer platanoides L.) on a temperate forested island in order to quantify the influence of landscape context on invasion pattern. The spatial location of every Norway maple tree and sapling (≥0.5 m tall) that had invaded the island forest (n = 4496) was mapped using a global positioning system. The influence of landscape context was examined with the aid of a geographic information system and indices of spatial association. We found that the coniferous forest type was the most heavily invaded (71.9% of all Norway maple stems) when compared to either the hardwood or mixed conifer–hardwood forest types (5.4% and 19.3%, respectively). Across all forest types (excluding urban trees), the population was highly aggregated around roads and other Norway maple trees. For example, 90% of the population was within 40.8 m of a road with an average distance from road of 21.02 ± 0.40 m. This association around roads was significantly greater than would be predicted by chance alone (P < 0.001). Similarly, nearest neighbor distances averaged 4.5 ± 0.2 m with 90% of individuals within 8.3 m of another Norway maple. Measures of spatial association indicated that the invasion was significantly aggregated at both the stand and island scale. Nevertheless, a comparatively small but potentially influential set of individuals were observed at relatively long distances from the main invasion front. Ramifications of these disjunct establishments and other observed patterns are discussed in the context of current spread pattern theory, invasive species monitoring, and control efforts.     

Base-cation Cycling by Individual Tree Species in Old-growth Forests of Upper Michigan,USA

The influence of individual tree species on base-cation (Ca, Mg, K, Na) distribution and cycling was examined in sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.), basswood (Tilia americana L.), and hemlock (Tsuga canadensis L.) in old-growth northern hardwood – hemlock forests on a sandy, mixed, frigid, Typic Haplorthod over two growing seasons in northwestern Michigan. Base cations in biomass, forest floor, and mineral soil (0–15 cm and 15–40 cm) pools were estimated for five replicated trees of each species; measured fluxes included bulk precipitation, throughfall, stemflow, litterfall, forest-floor leachate, mineralization + weathering, shallow-soil leachate, and deep-soil leachate. The three species differed in where base cations had accumulated within the single-tree ecosystems. Within these three single-tree ecosystems, the greatest quantity of base cations in woody biomass was found in sugar maple, whereas hemlock and basswood displayed the greatest amount in the upper 40 cm of mineral soil. Base-cation pools were ranked: sugar maple > basswood, hemlock in woody biomass; sugar maple, basswood > hemlock in foliage; hemlock > sugar maple, basswood in the forest floor, and basswood > sugar maple, hemlock in the mineral soil. Base-cation fluxes in throughfall, stemflow, the forest-floor leachate, and the deep-soil leachate (2000 only) were ranked: basswood > sugar maple > hemlock. Our measurements suggest that species-related differences in nutrient cycling are sufficient to produce significant differences in base-cation contents of the soil over short time intervals (<65 years). Moreover, these species-mediated differences may be important controls over the spatial pattern and edaphic processes of northern hardwood-hemlock ecosystems in the upper Great Lakes region.     

林木分化对兴安落叶松异速生长方程和生物量分配的影响

林木因对资源竞争而产生分化,从而影响林木的异速生长方程和生物量分配,但其影响程度还不清楚。采用林木相对直径法将38株兴安落叶松(Larix gmelinii)样木在林分中的分化等级分为优势木、中等木和被压木,量化林木分化对林木异速生长方程和生物量分配的影响。结果显示:生物量组分异速生长方程多以胸径(DBH)为自变量为好,但以枝下高处的树干直径为自变量估测其枝、叶生物量时更精确。在一定的胸径范围内,同一胸径下不同林木分化等级的地下部分各组分生物量没有显著差异(P0.05),但优势木分配更多的生物量给枝和叶,中等木比优势木分配更多的生物量给树干,中等木比被压木分配更多的生物量给地上部分,而且被压木和中等木的树高显著高于优势木。除根茎生物量之外,不同林木分化等级的生物量组分(包括枝、叶、树干和根系)的相对分配比例无显著差异(P0.05),根冠比保持相对稳定。这些结果表明,主要由竞争而引起的林木分化改变了兴安落叶松地上生物量组分的异速生长和分配,但其相对分配格局较为保守。