银缕梅属(Shaniodendron)染色体数报告

银缕梅园ShaninodendronM.B.Deng,H.T.WeietX．Q．Wang银缕梅S．subaequale（Chang）Deng,WeietWang发表于1992年,为中国特有的单种属。银缕梅染色体的观察结果表明：银缕梅染色体为小型,点状;2n=24.其染色体数与Anderson＆Sax（1935）报道（J,ArnArb．16：210～215）的金缕梅亚科各届染色体大多数为n=12相一致。形状则与Weaver（196）报道（JArnArb50：559～619）的弗特吉属（Fothergilla）的FmajiorLodd相近,但F．majiorn=36该属另一种F.gareniiMurr．n＝24,它们的染色体基数均为12,可见银缕梅属与弗特吉属有近缘关…     

银缕梅木材解剖特征及其系统学意义

报道了银缕梅（ShaniodendronsubaequaleM.B.Deng,H.T.Wei＆X,Q,Wang）木材的解剖学特征,通过比较研究支持将银缕梅（“小叶金缕梅”HamamelissubaeqalisH.T.Chang）从金缕梅属（族）中分出的处理,其合适的系统位置应归入弗特吉族。     

四药门花属及其近缘植物ITS区序列分析和系统学意义

测定和分析了四药门花等１３种金缕梅科（Ｈａｍａｍｅｌｉｄａｃｅａｅ）植物的核糖体ＤＮＡ转录间隔区（ＩＴＳ区）及５８Ｓ编码区的序列。应用最大简约法构建的分子系统树表明：被分析的金缕梅亚科（Ｈａｍａｍｅｌｉｄｏｉｄｅａｅ）植物形成一个单系类群,亚科内及其中的金缕梅族（Ｈａｍａｍｅｌｉｄｅａｅ）内部呈复系演化（ｐｏｌｙｐｈｙｌｅｔｉｃ）的特征;支持秀柱花族（Ｅｕｓｔｉｇｍａｔｅａｅ）（含秀柱花属Ｅｕｓｔｉｇｍａ、牛鼻栓属Ｆｏｒｔｕｎｅａｒｉａ和山白树属Ｓｉｎｏｗｉｌｓｏｎｉａ）成立以及将蚊母树族（Ｄｉｓｔｙｌｉｅａｅ）与弗特吉族（Ｆｏｔｈｅｒｇｉｌｅａｅ）合并的观点,此结果与Ｅｎｄｒｅｓ（１９８９）系统接近;金缕梅族中金缕梅属（Ｈａｍａｍｅｌｉｓ）与弗特吉族中的弗特吉属（Ｆｏｒｔｈｅｒｇｉｌａ）、银缕梅属（Ｓｈａｎｉｏｄｅｎｄｒｏｎ）和水丝梨属（Ｓｙｃｏｐｓｉｓ）系统发育关系密切;四药门花属（Ｔｅｔｒａｔｈｙｒｉｕｍ）与木属（Ｌｏｒｏｐｅｔａｌｕｍ）属于同一个单系类群,它们与Ｈａｍａｍｅｌｉｓ的亲缘关系较远     

金缕梅科银楼梅属与帕罗堤属的亲缘关系——核糖体DNAITS序列证据

本对金缕梅科弗特吉族的细胞核核糖体ＤＮＡＩＴＳ片段进行了序列分析,在此基础上对该族的演化关系、尤其是中国有属银缕梅属的系统位置进行了最简约分支分析。基本结果如下：其一,蚊母族和狭义的弗特吉族均不形成自己的系分支,因此,支持Ｅｎｄｒｅｓｓ的处理,即合并两族为广义的弗特吉族;其二,银缕梅属同帕罗堤有着密切的亲缘关系,支持形态学和解剖学结论;其三,根据该片段核苷酸序列的演化速率推算出的银缕梅属和帕罗堤     

金缕梅科银缕梅属与帕罗堤属的亲缘关系——核糖体DNA ITS序列证据

本文对金缕梅科弗特吉族(Molinadendron和Matudaea除外)的细胞核核糖体DNA ITS片段进行了序列分析,在此基础上对该族的演化关系、尤其是中国特有属银缕梅属的系统位置进行了最简约分支分析。基本结果如下：其一,蚊母族和狭义的弗特吉族均不形成自己的单系分支,因此,支持Endress的处理,即合并两族为广义的弗特吉族;其二,银缕梅属同帕罗堤属有着密切的亲缘关系,支持形态学和解剖学结论;其三,根据该片段核苷酸序列的演化速率推算出的银缕梅属和帕罗堤属间分化时间为晚中新世。此结论大致与化石记录相符。     

极端嗜热古菌—芝田硫化叶菌反向旋转酶的快速纯化

反向旋转酶是一种I型拓扑异构酶,它可以利用ATP水解的能量向DNA分子中引入正超螺旋。通过阴离子交换层析、亲和层析、聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（SDSPAGE）从芝田硫化叶菌（Sulfolobus shibatae）中分离得到一种反向旋转酶。SDSPAGE 显示,该酶分子量约为126 kD,N末端序列测定结果表明,该酶为芝田硫化叶菌中一种新的反向旋转酶。     

银缕梅属——中国金缕梅科一新属

在研究中国稀有濒危植物过程中,通过三年观察,作者发现小叶金缕梅绝无花瓣,无疑应从金缕梅族中分出,其形态特征又明显与无花瓣的蚊母树族和弗特吉族各属有差别,故成立新属——银缕梅属。     

甜菜银叶病菌的PCR检测

本研究用16S23S rDNA间的ITS 序列通用引物L1（5′AGTCGTAACAAGGTAGCCGT3′）和L2 （5′ GTGCCAAGGCATCCACC3）扩增甜菜银叶病菌（Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. betae,Cfb）和其它相近细菌的基因组DNA;并对其PCR产物进行回收、克隆和测序,将所获序列和其它已报道的细菌内源转录间隔区(Internally Transcribed Spacer,ITS)序列进行多重比较后设计出Cfb的特异性引物B1（5′GGCCTCGTGTTGTCCCTTATC3′）和B2 （5′GTCACCAATCAACAACCCGAG3′）。此引物可以从Cfb中扩增出387bp 的特异性片段,而其余参试的21个细菌PCR反应结果均为阴性。该方法可以应用于病害防治工作中的Cfb快速、可靠的检测。     

肾综合征出血热病毒基因检测及分型的研究

根据流行于我国的两型ＨＦＲＳＶ代表株汉滩型７６１１８株及汉城型Ｒ２２株Ｍ节段的核酸序列,设计两型共同引物,建立了逆转录－聚合酶链反应（ＲＴＰＣＲ）方法,检测３９株从不同地区、不同宿主分离的ＨＦＲＳＶ感染鼠脑及细胞培养物;同时还建立了捕捉ＥＬＩＳＡ法（ｃＥＬＩＳＡ）,检测了３９株中的３６株,每份样本设复孔,以Ｐ／Ｎ≥２．１０且Ｐ－Ｎ≥０．１０者判为阳性。ＲＴＰＣＲ及ｃＥＬＩＳＡ两法的检出率分别为９７．６％与８２．４％,二者符合率８４．６％。此外,对ＲＴＰＣＲ产物进行酶切分型,３８份扩增产物中的１５份可被ＡｌｕＩ切开。根据所获酶切图谱的差异,可分为汉滩型及汉城型两型,显示了酶切分型的潜在价值     

竹柏类植物的RAPD分析

对鸡毛松（Ｐｏｄｏｃａｒｐｕｓｉｍｂｒｉｃａｔｕｓ）、竹柏（Ｐｏｄｏｃａｒｐｕｓｎａｇｉ）、长叶竹柏（Ｐｏｄｏｃａｒｐｕｓｆｌｅｕｒｙｉ）、百日青（Ｐｏｄｏｃａｒｐｕｓｎｅｒｉｆｏｌｉｕｓ）和罗汉松（Ｐｏｄｏｃａｒｐｕｓｍａｃｒｏｐｈｙｌｕｓ）进行了ＲＡＰＤ分析。经筛选４组８０个引物,发现９个引物的带型清晰并呈多态性。采用ＵＰＧＭＡ法对求出的遗传距离进行聚类分析,得到的结果显示：本研究中的植物明显地分为３个亚类群,支持在罗汉松属内建立竹柏组的处理方式,不同意把竹柏类从罗汉松属中分离出去成立新科的观点     

Root response to above-ground light quality – Differences between rhizomatous and non-rhizomatous clones of Festuca rubra

Root response to reduced red/far red ratio above ground was studied in an experiment with 12 vegetatively propagated clones of Festuca rubra, a rhizomatous grass species. A new method suitable for describing the node position within rhizome systems was developed. It uses a combination of developmental and functional directions of ordering, adopting methods of topology. At each node the root structure was defined as consisting of three root types: unbranched, long branched and fine branched. Root system size was expressed as the number and length of roots of these individual types. Rhizomatous and non-rhizomatous clones of Festuca rubra differed in the size and structure of their root systems and in the response to lowered red/far red light ratio. This response was caused more by the behaviour of the rhizomes than of the roots alone. In rhizomatous clones, the largest differences in root system structure were between the mother-nodes and the nodes on the rhizomes. The size of the root system also depended on the node position. Response to the red/far red ratio was clone specific only in some of the root parameters, especially in traits of unbranched roots at young nodes. The role of the three root morphotypes in the plant's ontogeny, nutrient uptake and ability to cope with environmental heterogeneity both above- and below ground, is discussed.     

金缕梅亚科ITS序列分析及其系统学意义

根据金缕梅亚科22属（活塞花属Embolanthera除外）代表种的nrDNA ITS序列数据构建了分子系统树。结合形态解剖证据,金缕梅亚科可分为3个族,即①Ji木族LoropetaleaeZhangtrib.nov.,包括蜡瓣花属Corylopsis、Maingaya、Matudaea、活塞花属、四药门花属Tetrathyrium和Ji木属L;②DicorypheaeZhangtrib.nov.,包括毛枝花属Trichocladus、Dicoryphe、Neostrearia、Ostrearia、Noahdendron、秀柱花属Eustigma、牛鼻栓属Fortunearia、山白树属Sinowilsonia、Molinadendron;③金缕梅族Hamamelideae,包括Fothergilla、金缕梅属Hamamelis、Parrotiopsis、水丝利属Sycopsis、Parrotia、银缕梅属Shaniodendron、蚊母树属Distylium和拟母树属Distyliopsis。     

Simulation analysis of conduction of excitation in the atrioventricular node

The excitation conduction in the atrioventricular node was simulated based on the spatially discrete model of the heart proposed in an earlier paper (Kawato et al., 1986). We constructed a model system composed of the atrium, the atrioventricular node and the Purkinje fiber. Coupling coefficients between these tissues were quantitatively estimated from experimental data on size and membrane capacitance of the three kinds of cardiac cells. We found the following three important features in the simulated excitation conduction along the atrioventricular node. First, shape of action potential was found to be different at different locations of the atrioventricular node although the membrane properties were assumed uniform through the atrioventricular node. Our analysis suggests that the difference in the action potential waveforms observed by Paes de Carvalho & De Almedia (1960) can be ascribed to the electrical influences of the atrium and the His bundle on the atrioventricular node. Second, when the excitation wavefront invaded the atrioventricular node from the atrium, a step was observed in the depolarization phase of the action potential at the atrioventricular node neighboring with the atrium. Janse found a similar step in the real experiment (1969). It is revealed that this step is caused by termination of the junctional current which flows from the atrium to the atrioventricular node. Finally, we found that the conduction velocity measured near the boundary between the atrium and the atrioventricular node was lower than that in the middle part of the atrioventricular node, which is in accordance with the experimental observation by Scher et al. (1959).     

银缕梅属花形态及其分类学意义

以1995年在江苏宜兴发现的一较大银缕梅居群的花为材料,观察确认金缕梅亚科单种属银缕梅属（ShaniodendronM.B.Deng,H．T．WeietX．QWang）的花序为近头状短稳状花序,由4～7朵花组成,花序内轮4～5朵花,两性;外轮1～2朵花,常为雄花,构成雄全同株。花无柄,无花瓣,花喜常合成浅林状,杯缘及杯背早期簇生长硬毛（hirsute）,花生于初生苞片腋处,初生苞片卵形或阔卵形。雄蕊不定数,5～15枚,花丝长,直立。与其他无花瓣属植物比较表明,银缕梅属与特产里海南岸的Parrotia形态极为相似,主要区别在于本属花萼合生成浅怀状。银缕梅属花形态特征的阐明,对探讨金缕梅亚科无花瓣类群的系统发育具有重要意义。     

Structure and Development of the Axillary Complex and Extrafloral Nectaries in Capparis retusa Griseb.

Abstract: The structure, organization and development of the axillary complex and extrafloral nectary in Capparis retusa Griseb. was analysed for the first time. The axillary complex presents three uniserial descending buds. Subordinated shoots originate from the distal and middle bud, while the proximal bud is usually quiescent. Close to the top of the axillary complex there is a subglobulous and umbilicated extrafloral nectary, normally visited by nectivore ants; a chronological coincidence between secretion, production and ant patrolling activities has been observed. The nectary structure differentiates at the second caulinar node, from an axillar meristem separated from the surrounding cells by a shell zone. On the fourth node a remarkably developed nectary primordium can be observed, inside which procambial strands develop acropetally. In the central region of the nectary primordium homogenous parenchyma differentiates progressively, later acquiring characteristics of nectariferous tissue. The mature nectary is vascularized by xylem and phloem, and the procambial differentiation is completed in a basipetal way. The first serial bud differentiates at the third node, from meristem cells near the base of its supporting leaf. The complex nodal structure with three buds completes its development at the eighth caulinar node. Ramular traces are observed as vascular semicylinders penetrating into the base of the buds to constitute a vascular system similar to that of the shoot. The scheme is repeated in the extrafloral nectary, giving rise to prolific branching in the periphery of the nectariferous tissue.     

Pollen morphology of Pedicularis sect. Cyathophora, a group endemic to the Eastern Himalaya-Hengduan Mountains region

Pedicularis sect. Cyathophora is a distinctive group endemic to the eastern Himalaya-Hengduan Mountains region. It was regarded as a ＇grex＇ or section and included all four general corolla types of Pedicularis. A unique feature of it is that the leaf and bract bases are fused together to form a cup-like structure around the stem at each node. Pollen morphology of seven species in sect. Cyathophora was investigated by scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and light microscopy （LM）. Two different pollen apertures could be distinguished （i.e. trisyncolpate and bisyncolpate） using LM, while examination with SEM made it possible to recognize three types of exine ornamentation （i.e. microscabrate, microfoveolate and microreticulate）. The microfoveolate exine ornamentation was found in trisyncolpate pollen grains for the first time. Possible relationships between pollen data and the corolla types were discussed. Comparisons of floral and phyllotaxy characters of the genus Pedicularis, together with the pollen characters of sect. Cyathophora, could help us to better understand the evolutionary trends in Pedicularis.     

Antibodies to guinea pig lymphokines. VII. Reactivity with products of lymphoid and nonlymphoid cells.

It was shown previously, that an antiserum directed against highly purified fractions of migration inhibitory factor inhibits delayed hypersensitivity reactions in vivo and in vitro. Using radiolabeling techniques we determined that the anti-lymphokine serum reacted primarily with three lymphocyte activation products (m.w. 60,000, 45,000, and 30,000) all of which had a similar isoelectric point of 5.2. The cellular origin of this material was investigated. It was found that activated B cells, B leukemia cells (L2C), and growing fibroblasts produced material of a similar m.w. as analyzed on SDS-PAGE. No cross-reaction was found with radiolabeled products of activated murine and human lymph node cells and of SV 40-infected African green monkey kidney cells. The isoelectric point of the reactive material from B cells, leukemia cells, and fibroblasts was determined at 5.2. In addition to material with pI 5.2, lymph node cells also produced material with pI 3.5 to 4.5, which focused at pH 5.0 to 5.4. After neuraminidase treatment macrophage migration inhibitory activity in fibroblast culture supernatants could be absorbed specifically to insolubilized anti-lymphokine antibody. These findings suggests that lymphoid and nonlymphoid cells are capable of producing molecules whose physicochemical and functional properties appear to be identical.     

一些东亚特有种子植物的化石历史及其植物地理学意义

特有植物在植物区系地理的研究中有重要意义,不同等级的特有植物往往成为不同等级植物区系分区的重要依据。查明东亚特有植物的地史渊源对于揭示东亚植物区的特征与性质,理解中国植物区系及东亚植物发生和演变都有重要的意义。本文在现有资料的基础上,分析总结了东亚植物区系中有化石记录的银杏科、杜仲科、连香树科、大血藤科和昆栏树科等5个特有科,水杉等21个特有属的化石历史。从这些特有植物化石历史的分析可以发现,东亚植物的特有植物从来源上可以分为北极-第三纪,北热带,和就地起源等3种类型,特有植物的来源表明东亚植物区系是一个来源复杂的植物区系。尽管各种特有类群的地质历史各不相同,但是都经历了从广布到分布区逐步缩小,最后形成特有的过程。大部分特有类群形成特有的时间是在上新世末到第四纪初。根据特有类群划分区系等级的原则,东亚现代植物区系最终形成的时间应该是上新世末到第四纪初。     

Effect of Abscisic Acid and Other Plant Hormones on Growth of Apical and Lateral Buds of Seedlings

The effect of abscisic acid (AbA) on the growth of lateral and apical buds was studied in seedlings of Pisum sativum and some other species. The hormone was applied in three different ways: 1) directly to the lateral bud on the second node of decapitated pea seedlings as 5 μI droplets in an ethanolic solution; 2) to the cut surface of decapitated seedlings: 3) to the apical bud of intact plants. AbA directly applied in amounts of 5 to 0.1 μg to the lateral bud of the second node of decapitated seedlings had a strong inhibitory effect on the bud. Application to the cut surface of seedlings decapitated about 5 mm above the second node resulted in slight inhibition of the lateral bud on the second node and in growth promotion of the bud on the first node. When AbA at 10 to 0.1 μg was applied to the apical bud of intact seedlings, the growth of this bud was inhibited but the lateral buds grew out. It is concluded that the release of the lateral buds from apícal dominance is the result of the inhibitory effect of AbA on growth of the apical bud and of low transport of AbA. This conclusion is supported by application of GA₃ and IAA, individually and each combined with AbA.