大亮子河国家森林公园野生浆果资源调查

通过对大亮子河野生浆果资源的调查研究,进一步明确该地区野生浆果的种类、生态习性及分布特点、贮量和应用价值,为今后该地区的野生浆果资源开发利用和保护管理提供理论依据。     

我国东北高寒地区野生浆果资源研究与利用

经1987～1989年、2002—2003年和近几年的调查,明确了我国东北高寒地区有野生浆果种质资源8个科、13个属、28个种,该区独特的地理条件蕴育了丰富的野生浆果资源,其果实可鲜食,但大部分做为生产果酒、果酱、果汁等的原料,鲜果和加工产品以其丰富的营养、新颖的风味以及纯天然、无污染等独特的优势,被国内外果树生产、科研和消费者所关注。简述其分布、生态环境、开发利用现状及提出对该区野生浆果资源研究开发利的建议。旨在为我国东北高寒地区野生浆果资源的进一步研究及开发利用供依据。     

大亮子河森林公园野生药用植物资源调查

共记录大亮子河森林公园山区野生药用植物资源64科192种,选取其中资源丰富。开发价值大的7种作为重点介绍,并对谈山区野生药用植物资源的利用作了讨论。     

中国沙棘属植物资源及其开发利用现状

我国沙棘资源蕴藏量大,野生资源丰富.沙棘属植物是一种具有重要经济价值和极好生态效应的野生浆果,其研究和开发利用倍受国内外重视,本文对我国沙棘属植物的资源情况作了简要介绍,并重点介绍了沙棘在医药、食品、饮料、化妆品、生态保护等领域的研究进展及应用价值.     

秦巴山区野生胡颓子属植物资源及研究

胡颓子是胡颓子科、胡颓子属(Elaeagus L)常绿、落叶灌木或小乔木,其果实成熟从四月下旬延续到十月中旬,浆果色泽艳丽,营养丰富,具有显著的医疗保健功能。秦巴山区是我国胡颓子属植物的集中分布地区,种类繁多,资源蕴藏量大,仅陕西商洛地区年采集量即可达1千万公斤,是一种颇有开发价值的野生果树。目前国内对胡颓子属植物的系统开发研究报导较少,资源的流失和破坏现象十分严重。为了开发利用野生胡颓子资源,我们对秦巴山区胡颓子属植物资源及利用价值进行了较为系统的研究和分析。     

大兴安岭北部林区野果资源及保护利用

调查了大兴安岭北部林区野生果树种质资源及其开发利用现状。记录到该地区野生肉果类10科,15属,29种。其中越桔和笃斯越桔是大兴安岭北部林区资源极其丰富的野果。蔷薇科有16种,为该地区野生果树的优势科。介绍了11种具有重要经济价值的野果。大兴安岭北部林区的野果资源已得到初步开发利用,越桔、笃斯越桔、山刺玫等数种野果已进入产业化阶段。提出了合理保护和利用对策。     

六盘山脉的野生果树种质资源

野生果树种质资源,是国家的宝贵财富。调查研究野生果树资源,是果树科学研究的重要基础,它对于进一步探讨果树的起源、遗传、进化、分类以及发展果树生产都具有重要作用。六盘山脉野生果树种质资源的系统的调查研究工作,至今国内尚很少报道,对于该山脉野生果树利用途径的研究资料亦为少见。为了发掘和利用这一地区的宝贵资源,作者于1980—1981年对六盘山脉的野生果树种质资源进行了调查研究。现将结果简报如下。     

黄河三角洲地区野生饲用植物资源构成分析

为了给黄河三角洲地区野生饲用植物资源的开发和利用提供理论依据,对该区域的野生饲用植物资源进行了调查和研究,初步统计黄河三角洲地区野生饲用植物有40科118属172种.并介绍了该区域饲用植物的科属种组成、区系分布、地理分布及饲用价值等,并对其利用提出了一些建议.     

浙江金华地区野生兰科药用植物资源调查研究

目的：了解浙江金华地区野生兰科药用植物资源现状，为兰科药用植物资源的保护和合理开发利用提供科学依据。方法：通过野外考察、样方调查、民间访问等调查方法，对浙江金华地区野生兰科药用植物资源的种类、分布、生境及药用价值进行研究分析。结果：浙江金华地区野生兰科药用植物有21属36种，在金华地区呈不均匀分布，以地生型为主，占总数的75.0%，区系特征以热带分布为主，药用部位以全草入药居多，其中大部分具有清热功效。结论：浙江金华地区拥有较为丰富的野生兰科药用植物资源，其中金线兰、广东石豆兰、见血青、斑叶兰等兰科药用植物具有较高的开发潜力，可进一步保护和科学合理地开发利用。     

海丰县野生林木种质资源研究

采用野外样线调查和文献查阅的方法对海丰县野生林木种质资源组成、区系特点、资源利用方式等进行研究。结果表明：海丰县共有野生林木种质资源238种，隶属于63科151属；乔木种类最多有123种，占总种数的51.68%；科级的主要组成部分是单种科，占总科数的41.27%；该地区野生林木种质资源区系以热带成分占据优势地位，呈现出明显的热带—亚热带属性；根据植物资源用途将海丰县野生林木种质资源划分为药用、观赏、用材、食用等13种类型，其中药用植物占优势地位，共有47科92属119种。结论：海丰县野生林木种质资源丰富，但部分植物生境人为干扰程度较严重，建议当地从实际情况出发，以保护为主，合理开发利用资源，深度挖掘木本植物资源利用价值，以促进海丰县野生林木种质资源可持续发展。     

Promoting Wellness in Alaskan Villages: Integrating Traditional Knowledge and Science of Wild Berries

People draw upon multiple forms of environmental knowledge, from scientific to highly contextual local or traditional forms of knowledge, to interpret problems and gauge risks in complex socio-ecological systems. In collaboration with three remote Alaska Native communities, and using an interdisciplinary, participatory, and mixed methods research approach, we explored traditional ecological knowledge and scientific aspects of wild berries and the broader context of community health and environmental change. Combining site visits, key informant interviews, focus groups, survey questionnaires, portable field bioassays, and laboratory follow-up analyses, our research revealed the importance of local subsistence resources for community wellness. Multiple berry species were found to have powerful bioactive health properties for ameliorating metabolic syndrome as well as importance for community wellness. Communities differed in the degree to which they characterized berries as healthy foods and perceived environmental risks including climate change. Findings suggest the importance of incorporating locally available foods and socio-cultural traditions into community wellness programming. This article also discusses challenges and opportunities associated with transdisciplinary, participatory research with indigenous communities.     

Ants defend coffee from berry borer colonization

Ants frequently prevent herbivores from damaging plants. In agroecosystems they may provide pest control services, although their contributions are not always appreciated. Here we compared the ability of eight ant species to prevent the coffee berry borer from colonizing coffee berries with a field exclusion experiment. We removed ants from one branch (exclusion) and left ants to forage on a second branch (control) before releasing 20 berry borers on each branch. After 24 h, six of eight species had significantly reduced the number of berries bored by the berry borer compared to exclusion treatment branches. While the number of berries per branch was a significant covariate explaining the number of berries bored, ant activity (that varied greatly among species) was not a significant factor in models. This study is the first field experiment to provide evidence that a diverse group of ant species limit the berry borer from colonizing coffee berries.     

新疆小浆果植物资源及其开发利用

新疆北疆山区具有非常丰富的小浆果资源,但开发利用尚处初级阶段。对新疆北疆小浆果的分布现状及保护、合理开发利用和人工栽培状况进行了初步探讨,提出了在山区发展小浆果类经济树种的初步建议。     

Sugar accumulation in grape berries. Cloning of two putative vacuolar invertase cDNAs and their expression in grapevine tissues.

During grape berry (Vitis vinifera L.) ripening, sucrose transported from the leaves is accumulated in the berry vacuoles as glucose and fructose. To study the involvement of invertase in grape berry ripening, we have cloned two cDNAs (GIN1 and GIN2) from berries. The cDNAs encode translation products that are 62% identical to each other and both appear to be vacuolar forms of invertase. Both genes are expressed in a variety of tissues, including berries, leaves, roots, seeds, and flowers, but the two genes have distinct patterns of expression. In grape berries, hexose accumulation began 8 weeks postflowering and continued until the fruit was ripe at 16 weeks. Invertase activity increased from flowering, was maximal 8 weeks postflowering, and remained constant on a per berry basis throughout ripening. Expression of GIN1 and GIN2 in berries, which was high early in berry development, declined greatly at the commencement of hexose accumulation. The results suggest that although vacuolar invertases are involved in hexose accumulation in grape berries, the expression of the genes and the synthesis of the enzymes precedes the onset of hexose accumulation by some weeks, so other mechanisms must be involved in regulating this process.     

湖南小溪国家级自然保护区野生观赏植物资源初步研究

实地调查了小溪国家级自然保护区内的野生观赏植物资源的种类、生活习性、利用价值及现状。结果表明,小溪自然保护区的野生观赏植物资源十分丰富,有81科171属519种及变种。蔷薇科、菊科等10科植物含有10种以上的植物,为该区的优势类群。对其中具有一定代表性、开发利用潜力较大的40种植物的生活型及供观赏的主要特征、花(果)期、生境、其他用途等进行了扼要描述。就如何充分合理地开发和保护野生观赏资源提出了建议。     

福建九阜山野生果树植物资源补遗

对福建省尤溪县九阜山省级自然保护区的野生果树资源作进一步调查,发现原有文献未报道的野生果树30科 46属55种8变种,现予增补,列出增补的野生果树植物的科名、中文名、学名、性状、果期、果型、果实用途、生境与分布海拔,并对开发利用提出建议。     

The peripheral xylem of grapevine (Vitis vinifera). 1. Structural integrity in post-veraison berries

During the development of many fleshy fruits, water flow becomes progressively more phloemic and less xylemic. In grape (Vitis vinifera L.), the current hypothesis to explain this change is that the tracheary elements of the peripheral xylem break as a result of berry growth, rendering the xylem structurally discontinuous and hence non-functional. Recent work, however, has shown via apoplastic dye movement through the xylem of post-veraison berries that the xylem should remain structurally intact throughout berry development. To corroborate this, peripheral xylem structure in developing Chardonnay berries was investigated via maceration and plastic sectioning. Macerations revealed that, contrary to current belief, the xylem was comprised mostly of vessels with few tracheids. In cross-section, the tracheary elements of the vascular bundles formed almost parallel radial files, with later formed elements toward the epidermis and earlier formed elements toward the centre of the berry. Most tracheary elements remained intact throughout berry maturation, consistent with recent reports of vascular dye movement in post-veraison berries.