Herpud1对后肾间充质细胞的作用及其机制的探讨

为初步探讨Herpud1在肾脏发育中的生物学作用,过表达Herpud1载体及敲低Herpud1载体被构建。载体被转染进后肾间充质细胞,通过RT-PCR和蛋白质免疫印迹检测了上皮间质的转换过程(EMT)的标志蛋白E-钙黏蛋白(E-cadherin)、波形蛋白(Vimentin)、Snail蛋白及内质网应力的标志蛋白葡萄糖调节蛋白78(GRP78)、真核起始因子2α(e IF2α)的表达变化,通过EDU细胞增殖实验检测了Herpud1对细胞增殖的作用,同时利用细胞划痕实验验证了细胞的迁移能力。结果显示,与空白对照组相比,在Herpud1过表达的实验组中,E-cadherin的表达在mRNA和蛋白质水平均是降低的,而Snail和Vimentin的表达则是上升的,并伴随着细胞增殖活性的降低和细胞迁移能力增加,同时内质网应力相关蛋白GRP78和e IF2α是升高的。在Herpud1敲低的实验组,E-cadherin的表达在mRNA和蛋白质水平均是升高的,而Snail和Vimentin的表达下降,细胞迁移能力是降低并且细胞增殖活性升高,同时内质网应力相关蛋白GRP78和e IF2α也是降低的。这些结果证明Herpud1可以促进MK3细胞EMT过程,提高细胞的迁移能力,抑制细胞的增殖活性,其机制可能与细胞的内质网应力相关。     

IscU2对非小细胞肺癌增殖、迁移、侵袭能力的影响及其作用机制的研究

该文通过shRNA干扰技术敲低IscU2干扰细胞IscU2的表达,研究了干扰IscU2对非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)细胞NCI-H520增殖、迁移及侵袭能力的影响。构建了稳定低表达IscU2的非小细胞肺癌细胞系NCI-H520;采用CCK-8和平板克隆实验检测细胞的增殖能力;流式细胞仪检测细胞周期、凋亡、ROS、线粒体膜电位变化情况;Transwell实验检测细胞迁移及侵袭能力;Western blot检测相关蛋白的表达。结果表明,干扰IscU2后,非小细胞肺癌细胞的增殖及克隆形成能力降低;细胞周期停滞在G1/G0期,同时伴随有p-AKT和Cyclin D1蛋白含量的下降;细胞晚期凋亡率明显增加,凋亡蛋白Cleaved-caspase3和Cleaved-PARP表达上调;细胞迁移和侵袭能力降低,上皮标志物E-Cadherin表达上调,间质标志物N-Cadherin和Snail表达下调;细胞ROS积累和线粒体膜电位下降。该研究结果表明,干扰IscU2显著抑制非小细胞肺癌的增殖、迁移、侵袭能力和上皮–间质转化,这为非小细胞肺癌的诊断和治疗提供了新的潜在靶点和视角。     

ERK信号通道调控大鼠气道平滑肌细胞的增殖与凋亡

 为了了解ERK信号通道对正常大鼠气道平滑肌细胞(airway smooth muscle cells, ASMCs)增殖与凋亡的调控. 通过对正常大鼠ASMCs原代培养,4～7代用于实验,以ERK激动剂表皮生长因子（EGF）和抑制剂PD98059干预ASMCs生长,采用RT-PCR和免疫荧光染色观察ASMCs上ERK mRNA和蛋白的表达,MTT法、^３Ｈ-TdR掺入法检测ASMC增殖,Hoechst染色和Annexin-Ⅴ FITC PI双染色法检测细胞凋亡,Western免疫印迹检测ERK1/2、磷酸化ERK1/2和procaspase-3蛋白的表达.结果发现ASMCs上存在ERK mRNA和蛋白的表达,与空白对照组比较,PD98059干预后ASMCs的Ａ_４９０值和细胞DNA合成量均减少(Ｐ<0.05),细胞凋亡指数、早期凋亡细胞百分率均增高(Ｐ<0.05),ERK1/2、磷酸化ERK1/2表达和ERK活化率均降低, procaspase-3蛋白的表达增高.EGF干预后ASMCs的Ａ_４９０值和细胞DNA合成量均增高(Ｐ<0.05),细胞凋亡指数、早期凋亡细胞百分率均下降(Ｐ<0.05),ERK1/2、磷酸化ERK1/2表达和ERK活化率均增高, procaspase-3蛋白的表达降低.P+E组无明显差异(P>0.05).ERK信号通道参与大鼠ASMCs增殖和凋亡的调控,ERK对大鼠ASMCs凋亡的调控与procaspase-3蛋白有关,这一发现将有助于对哮喘ASMCs异常增殖调控机制的深入研究.     

SPOP对卵巢癌细胞生物学行为的影响及其分子机制的研究

探讨人卵巢癌组织中斑点状蛋白(SPOP)的表达及对其卵巢癌细胞生物行为学的影响及相关机制。采用免疫组化技术分别检测正常卵巢组织10例、卵巢癌组织90例的组织芯片中SPOP的表达;体外培养永生化人卵巢癌细胞株OVCAR-3、SKOV3及永生化的人卵巢表皮上皮细胞株HOSE,RT-PCR、WB检测3种细胞株SPOP的表达。用慢病毒稳定转染OVCAR-3、HOSE细胞株,构建过表达、敲低SPOP的细胞株。流式细胞仪检测转染后细胞株的凋亡,CCK8检测转染后细胞株的增殖情况,Transwell小室检测转染后细胞株的迁移侵袭情况。WB检测转染后细胞株PI3K-Akt通路相关蛋白的表达情况。组织学免疫组化评分显示卵巢癌组织染色明显高于正常卵巢组织。细胞学实验显示,成功构建过表达、敲低SPOP的OVCAR-3细胞,过表达组、过表达空载组、敲低组、敲低空载组细胞凋亡及增殖能力无明显差异;各组细胞迁移及侵袭结果与空载组有明显差异,且差异有统计学意义(p0.05)。过表达组细胞P-GSK3β(Ser9)表达水平明显低于敲低组(p0.05),MMP-9表达水平明显高于敲低组(p0.05)。SPOP在卵巢癌组织中表达上升,且具有促进卵巢癌细胞迁移侵袭的作用,其调节机制可能与p-GSK3β(Ser9)通路相关。     

人脐带间充质干细胞条件培养基联合白藜芦醇对人滋养层细胞的作用

目的:探讨人脐带间充质干细胞条件培养基联合白藜芦醇对人绒毛膜外滋养层细胞凋亡的影响。方法:通过CCK8细胞活力检测试剂盒测定白藜芦醇及其与人脐带间充质干细胞条件培养基共同处理人绒毛膜外滋养层细胞HTR8后对细胞增殖及活性的影响;细胞迁移试验检测白藜芦醇和人脐带间充质干细胞条件培养基对细胞迁移能力的影响;显微镜观察细胞形态,并用流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率的变化;Western blot检测白藜芦醇和人脐带间充质干细胞条件培养基对细胞凋亡相关蛋白Bax、Bcl-2以及迁移相关蛋白MMP-9表达的影响。结果:白藜芦醇能够抑制HTR8细胞增殖,抑制细胞迁移及MMP-9蛋白的表达,改变Bax和Bcl-2蛋白表达诱导细胞凋亡的作用。而人脐带间充质干细胞条件培养基能够逆转白藜芦醇对细胞的抑制作用。结论:人脐带间充质干细胞条件培养基能够通过调控Bax、Bcl-2、MMP-9的蛋白表达逆转白藜芦醇对人绒毛膜外滋养层细胞的抑制作用。人脐带间充质干细胞条件培养基可作为潜在的治疗人绒毛膜外滋养层细胞功能障碍的临床手段,孕妇需要小心使用白藜芦醇。     

副交感神经M1受体促进前列腺癌转移并抵抗肿瘤细胞凋亡的研究

该文旨在探讨副交感神经M1受体(muscarinic acetylcholine M1 receptor,CHRM1)通过调节PI3K/AKT信号通路对前列腺癌增殖、转移以及肿瘤细胞凋亡影响的研究。选用Western blot、免疫荧光等方法检测CHRM1在前列腺癌细胞中表达情况。体外培养人前列腺癌细胞系PC-3、LNCaP、DU145,然后用CHRM1激动剂卡巴胆碱(CAR)及特异性抑制剂哌仑西平(PIN)处理细胞。用CHRM1 RNAi慢病毒感染细胞,构建前列腺癌CHRM1敲低的稳转株。选用CCK8细胞增殖实验、平板克隆实验、细胞迁移侵袭实验、流式细胞术检测及透射电镜观察等方法探究CHRM1在前列腺癌中增殖、转移和凋亡水平。最后,用Western blot方法检测敲低的CHRM1前列腺癌细胞中上皮间质标志物及PI3K/AKT信号表达水平。结果显示,CHRM1大量表达在前列腺癌各细胞系细胞中。CAR处理后细胞增殖能力、克隆形成水平、转移能力及抗凋亡能力提高,而PIN处理后其增殖能力、克隆形成能力、转移能力及抗凋亡能力降低。敲低CHRM1后,细胞的转移能力及抗凋亡能力降低,且电镜下出现凋亡小体。在细胞迁移与侵袭实验中发现其转移能力与肿瘤的上皮–间充质转化(EMT)有关。同时,CHRM1通过PI3K/AKT信号通路调控肿瘤细胞进程。该研究结果提示,CHRM1在前列腺癌细胞中调节PI3K/AKT信号通路促进,前列腺癌增殖、转移并抵抗肿瘤细胞凋亡。     

IFN-γ激活ERK/Jak2-STAT信号通路诱导乳腺癌细胞过表达PD-L1和上皮-间质转化

旨在探讨IFN-γ诱导乳腺癌细胞株MDA-MB-231表面程序性死亡配体(PD-L1)的表达、对上皮间质转化的影响及其分子机制。用不同浓度IFN-γ作用MDA-MB-231细胞后,利用蛋白质免疫印迹检测PD-L1、细胞迁移相关蛋白(E-钙黏蛋白、N-钙黏蛋白、波形蛋白)、ERK、p-ERK、Jak2及p-Jak2的表达水平;通过细胞划痕实验和Transwell实验检测细胞迁移能力;利用免疫荧光实验进一步检测细胞迁移相关蛋白的表达量。结果表明,IFN-γ可上调PD-L1的表达,使细胞划痕融合率显著增高,细胞迁移速率显著加快;波形蛋白和N-钙黏蛋白的表达量升高,E-钙黏蛋白表达量下降;ERK、p-ERK、Jak2及p-Jak2表达水平显著增加。加U0126后PD-L1、ERK及p-ERK表达水平下降,而加入AG490后,PD-L1、Jak2、p-Jak2表达水平下降。结果表明IFN-γ能上调乳腺癌细胞PD-L1表达水平,促进肿瘤细胞迁移,促使细胞从上皮向间质转化,而这一过程可能与ERK及Jak2-STAT信号通路相关。     

具核梭杆菌对结直肠癌细胞增殖、迁移及上皮间质转化作用的影响

【目的】评估具核梭杆菌对人结直肠癌细胞HCT116和人正常结肠上皮细胞HCoEpiC的增殖、黏附、凋亡、迁移、侵袭和上皮间质转化的影响。【方法】本研究用不同感染复数(MOI)Fusobacterium nucleatum ATCC 23726感染人结直肠癌细胞HCT116和人正常结肠上皮细胞HCoEpiC,建立感染模型;用3-(4,5-二甲基噻唑-2)-2,5-二苯基四氮唑溴盐[3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide,MTT]、平板克隆、细胞划痕及侵袭(transwell)实验检测两组细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭的变化;用流式细胞仪检测两组细胞凋亡情况;通过Western blotting检测两组细胞上皮标记物上皮细胞钙黏蛋白(E-cadherin)、Catenin δ-1蛋白、间充质标记物N-钙粘蛋白(N-cadherin)和波形蛋白(vimentin)表达水平的变化。【结果】F.nucleatum可促进HCT116细胞增殖,诱导HCT116细胞的迁移和侵袭,但不能引起细胞凋亡;可抑制HCoEpiC细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭,并加速其凋亡;对HCT116和HCoEpiC细胞表现出很强的粘附能力,致细胞分散和拉长,细胞间粘附减少;使HCT116和HCoEpiC细胞上皮标记物E-cadherin与Catenin δ-1的表达量减少,间充质标记物N-cadherin与vimentin的表达量上升,E-cadherin由细胞膜向细胞质转移。【结论】F.nucleatum可诱导结直肠癌细胞和人正常结肠上皮细胞发生上皮间质转化,但抑制人正常结肠细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭,表现出与结直肠癌细胞相反的作用。     

雷帕霉素对糖尿病肾病大鼠足细胞生物学行为及mTOR信号通路的影响

为了探究雷帕霉素对糖尿病肾病大鼠足细胞生物学行为及哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白（mammalian target of rapamycin,mTOR）信号通路的影响,采用链脲霉素腹腔注射构建糖尿病肾病大鼠模型,将正常大鼠体内取出的足细胞设为对照组,模型大鼠体内取出的足细胞设为糖尿病肾病模型组（DN组）,取2 mg·kg^-1雷帕霉素干预DN组足细胞,并将其设为雷帕霉素组（RAPA组）。采用3-（4,5-二甲基噻唑-2）-2,5-二苯基四氮唑溴盐[3-（4,5-dimethylthiahiazo-z-y1）-2,5-diphenytetrazoliumromide,MTT]法检测足细胞增殖水平,Transwell检测细胞迁移和侵袭能力,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡水平,Western blot法检测上皮-间充质转化标志物[E-钙黏蛋白（E-cadherin）、N-钙黏蛋白（N-cadherin）、波形纤维蛋白（vimentin）]、mTOR和核糖体S6激酶1（S6K1）蛋白表达水平。结果显示,与对照组相比,DN组细胞增殖水平显著被抑制,细胞迁移、侵袭水平显著升高,细胞凋亡率显著增加,上皮-间充转标志物E-cadherin表达显著下调,N-cadherin和Vimentin表达显著上调,mTOR/S6K1信号通路被显著活化（P<0.05）。与DN组相比,RAPA组细胞增殖水平显著升高,细胞迁移、侵袭水平显著降低,细胞凋亡率显著降低,E-cadherin表达显著上调,N-cadherin和Vimentin表达显著下调,mTOR和S6K1的蛋白表达显著被抑制（P<0.05）。结果表明,雷帕霉素通过抑制mTOR信号通路,促进足细胞体外增殖,抑制细胞迁移、侵袭、凋亡和上皮-间充质转化,发挥对糖尿病肾病大鼠足细胞的保护作用。     

p21在滋养细胞迁移和侵袭中的作用研究

目的探究p21基因在正常滋养细胞迁移和侵袭中的作用以及可能的机制。方法通过siRNA敲低滋养细胞HTR-8/SVneo中的p21基因。通过细胞增殖实验、划痕实验以及Transwell小室侵袭实验,来观察p21敲低的滋养细胞迁移和侵袭能力的变化。通过实时荧光定量PCR(qPCR)和免疫印记分析(Western Blot),在mRNA和蛋白质水平上检测p21敲低对ERK3和MMP2表达的影响。结果 p21敲低的滋养细胞迁移和侵袭能力显著减弱,但对细胞增殖无影响。ERK3及MMP2在mRNA和蛋白质水平上的表达都显著降低。结论以上结果说明p21基因能促进正常滋养细胞的运动能力,这种作用与调节ERK3和MMP2的表达有关。     

miR181c promotes apoptosis and suppresses proliferation of metanephric mesenchyme cells by targeting Six2 in vitro

Increasingly recognized importance has been assumed for microRNA (miRNA) in the regulation of the delicate balance of gene expression. In our study, we aimed to explore the regulation role of miR181c towards Six2 in metanephric mesenchyme (MM) cells. Bioinformatics analysis, luciferase assay and semi‐quantitative real‐time (RT) PCR, subsequently RT PCR, Western blotting, 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine cell proliferation assay, Cell Counting Kit‐8 assay, immunofluorescence and flow cytometry, were employed to verify the modulation function of miR181c on Six2 in the mK3 MM cell line that is one kind of MM cells. miR181c was predicted to bind the 3′ untranslated region of Six2 by bioinformatics analysis, which was subsequently validated by the in vitro luciferase reporter assay. Moreover, transfection of miR181c mimic can decrease the expression of Six2 both in mRNA and protein levels in mK3 cells. Still, ectopic expression of miR181c inhibits the proliferation, promotes the apoptosis and even makes the nephron progenitor phenotype lose mK3 cells. These results revealed the ability of a single miRNA–miR181c to downregulate the expression of Six2, restrain the proliferation and promote the apoptosis that even makes the nephron progenitor phenotype lose MM cells, suggesting a potential role of miR181c during the kidney development. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Rho kinase acts at separate steps in ureteric bud and metanephric mesenchyme morphogenesis during kidney development

In this study, five different in vitro assays, which together recapitulate much of kidney development, were used to examine the role of the Rho-associated protein serine/threonine kinase (ROCK) in events central to ureteric bud (UB) and metanephric mesenchyme (MM) morphogenensis, in isolation and together. ROCK activity was found to be critical for (1) cell proliferation, growth, and development of the whole embryonic kidney in organ culture, (2) tip and stalk formation in cultures of isolated UBs, and (3) migration of MM cells (in a novel MM migration assay) during their condensation at UB tips (in a UB/MM recombination assay). Together, the data indicate selective involvement of Rho/ROCK in distinct morphogenetic processes necessary for kidney development and that the coordination of these events by Rho/ROCK provides a potential mechanism to regulate overall branching patterns, nephron formation, and thus, kidney architecture.     

Microarray analysis of novel cell lines representing two stages of metanephric mesenchyme differentiation

Clonal cell lines representing different developmental stages of the metanephric mesenchyme were made from transgenic mice with the Simian Virus 40 T-antigen (SV40 Tag) gene driven by the Hoxa 11 promoter. The resulting mK3 cell line represented early metanephric mesenchyme, prior to induction by the ureteric bud. These cells showed a spindle-shaped, fibroblast morphology. They expressed genes characteristic of early mesenchyme, including Hoxa 11, Hoxd 11, collagen I, and vimentin. Moreover, the mK3 cells displayed early metanephric mesenchyme biological function. In organ co-culture experiments they were able to induce growth and branching of the ureteric bud. Another cell line, mK4, represented later, induced metanephric mesenchyme undergoing epithelial conversion. These cells were more polygonal, or epithelial in shape, and expressed genes diagnostic of late mesenchyme, including Pax-2, Pax-8, Wnt-4, Cadherin-6, Collagen IV, and LFB3. To better define the gene expression patterns of kidney metanephric mesenchyme cells at these two stages of development, RNAs from the mK3 and mK4 cells were hybridized to Affymetrix GeneChip probe arrays. Over 4000 expressed genes were identified and thereby implicated in kidney formation. Comparison of the mK3 and mK4 gene expression profiles revealed 121 genes showing greater than a ten-fold difference in expression level. Several are known to be expressed during metanephric mesenchyme differentiation, but most had not been previously associated with this process. In situ hybridizations were used to confirm that selected novel genes were expressed in the developing kidney.     

STAT1 activation regulates proliferation and differentiation of renal progenitors

We have shown previously that activation of STAT1 contributes to the pathogenesis of Wilms tumor. This neoplasm caricatures metanephric development and is believed to originate from embryonic renal mesenchymal progenitors that lose their ability to undergo mesenchymal–epithelial transition (MET). Therefore, we hypothesized that STAT1 is also activated and functional during metanephric development. Here we have demonstrated that both STAT1 and STAT3 are activated during normal development of the embryonic kidney. Furthermore, activation of STAT1 stimulated the proliferation of metanephric mesenchymal cells, but it prevented MET and tubulogenesis induced by leukemia inhibitory factor, which preferentially activates STAT3. Consistent with its negative regulation of metanephric mesenchymal differentiation, inhibition of STAT1 activation with protein kinase CK2 inhibitor TBB or RNAi-mediated knockdown of STAT1 promoted differentiation of metanephric progenitors and abolished the effect of cytokine-induced STAT1 activation in these cells. Additionally, a cell-permeable peptide that inhibits STAT1-mediated transactivation by targeting the STAT1 N-domain also blocked cytokine-induced STAT1-dependent proliferation in metanephric progenitors and promoted LIF-induced MET and tubulogenesis. Finally, the STAT1 peptide inhibitor caused the down regulation of survival/anti-apoptotic factors, Mcl-1 and Hsp-27, and induced apoptosis in renal tumor cells with constitutively active STAT1, indicating that STAT1 is required for these cells to survive. These findings show that both metanephric progenitors and renal tumor cells utilize a STAT1-dependent mechanism for growth or survival.     

Differential expression of secreted phosphoprotein 1 in response to estradiol-17β and in ovarian tumors in chickens

Roundabout 2 (Robo2) is a member of the membrane protein receptor family. The chemorepulsive effect of Slit2-Robo2 signaling plays vital roles in nervous system development and neuron migration. Slit2-Robo2 signaling is also important for maintaining the normal morphogenesis of the kidney and urinary collecting system, especially for the branching of the ureteric bud (UB) at the proper site. Slit2 or Robo2 mouse mutants exhibit multilobular kidneys, multiple ureters, and dilatation of the ureter, renal pelvis, and collecting duct system, which lead to vesicoureteral reflux. To understand the effect of Robo2 on kidney development, we used microinjection and electroporation to overexpress GFP-Robo2 in an in vitro embryonic kidney model. Our results show reduced UB branching and decreased glomerular number after in vitro Robo2 overexpression in the embryonic kidneys. We found fewer metanephric mesenchymal (MM) cells surrounding the UB but no abnormal morphology in the branching epithelial UB. Meanwhile, no significant change in MM proliferation or apoptosis was observed. These findings indicate that Robo2 is involved in the development of embryonic kidneys and that the normal expression of Robo2 can help maintain proper UB branching and glomerular morphogenesis. Overexpression of Robo2 leads to reduced UB branching caused by fewer surrounding MM cells, but MM cell apoptosis is not involved in this effect. Our study demonstrates that overexpression of Robo2 by microinjection in embryonic kidneys is an effective approach to study the function of Robo2.     

胚胎肾分支形态发生调控因素

胚胎肾发育最初阶段是中肾导管尾端在胶质细胞源性神经营养因子诱导下向背侧长出输尿管芽,而后成纤维细胞生长因子、肝细胞生长因子、骨形成蛋白、基质金属蛋白酶、整合素和粘附分子相继表达,作用于输尿管芽和间充质细胞,诱导分支形态发生,包括输尿管芽向间充质侵入、延伸以及间充质细胞向上皮转化。上述这些分子在功能上存在部分重叠与拮抗,维持细胞增殖和分化的平衡,从而保证输尿管芽形成正常的分支结构。本文对肾脏发育时期分支形态发生的调控因素进行综述。     

Platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta regulates migration and DNA synthesis in metanephric mesenchymal cells

Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) B-chain and PDGF receptor beta (PDGFR beta) are essential for glomerulogenesis. Mice deficient in PDGF B-chain or PDGFR beta exhibit an abnormal glomerular phenotype characterized by total lack of mesangial cells. In this study, we localized PDGFR beta in the developing rat kidney and explored the biological effects of PDGF in metanephric mesenchymal cells in an attempt to determine the mechanism by which PDGF regulates mesangial cell development. Immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization studies of rat embryonic kidneys reveal that PDGFR beta localizes to undifferentiated metanephric mesenchyme and is later expressed in the cleft of the comma-shaped and S-shaped bodies and in more mature glomeruli in a mesangial distribution. We also isolated and characterized cells from rat metanephric mesenchyme. Metanephric mesenchymal cells express vimentin and alpha-smooth muscle actin but not cytokeratin. These cells also express functional PDGFR beta, as demonstrated by autophosphorylation of the receptor as well as activation of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase in response to PDGF B-chain homodimer. PDGF B-chain also induces migration and proliferation of metanephric mesenchymal cells. Taken together with the fact that PDGF B-chain is expressed in the glomerular epithelium and mesangial area, as demonstrated in the human embryonic kidney, we suggest that PDGF B-chain acts in a paracrine fashion to stimulate the migration and proliferation of mesangial cell precursors from undifferentiated metanephric mesenchyme to the mesangial area. PDGF B-chain also likely stimulates proliferation of mesangial cell precursors in an autocrine fashion once these cells migrate to the glomerular tuft.     

肾脏发育中信号通路的调控作用

肾脏发育是一个复杂的过程,需要在输尿管芽细胞和基质细胞相互诱导下,引起细胞生长、增殖、分化,从而产生肾单位及各种管状结构,最终发育为成熟的肾脏。在肾脏发育过程中,GDNF/Ret、Wnt、BMP等一系列信号通路参与了发育的调控过程。这些信号通路在肾脏发育的不同阶段或不同位置发挥着重要的调控作用,并且通路之间存在相互的调控,从而形成了一个复杂而精细的调控网络,保证了肾脏的正常发育。文章概括了肾脏发育的过程,总结了肾脏发育过程中相关信号通路对肾脏发育的调控作用以及信号通路之间的相互调控。