针对多种强致病性病毒的基因芯片检测方法的建立

为了制备灵敏的可检测多种烈性病毒性病原体的基因芯片,本研究设计了针对21种烈性病毒性病原体的基因芯片检测探针,每种5条,长50 bp.并以甲病毒属的基孔肯亚病毒和黄病毒属的黄热病毒细胞培养物为检测模型,摸索了合适的病毒基因处理与扩增方法.将提取的病毒RNA先用DNase Ⅰ处理,以去除掉其中的DNA分子,然后利用病毒属特异性引物进行反转录,以引导病毒基因组的合成,从而尽可能地减少宿主细胞基因成分的干扰.进行随机PCR扩增后将扩增产物与基因芯片进行杂交,分别出现了4条基孔肯亚病毒探针信号和5条黄热病毒的探针信号,说明所设计的检测探针具有较好的特异性,可用于这2种病毒的特异性检测.这种病毒基因样品的处理和扩增方法也为此基因芯片的临床应用奠定了基础.     

基因导流杂交法于低密度基因芯片平台上检测乙肝病毒

运用基因导流杂交法在低密度基因芯片平台上检测乙肝病毒DNA（HBV DNA）。设计特异性引物,对HBV基因组DNA中的编码HBV多聚酶蛋白的一段序列进行PCR扩增;根据被扩增片段,设计保守的特异性探针,并将该探针固定在杂交膜上,制备低密度基因芯片：使用导流杂交法将上述扩增产物和低密度基因芯片进行杂交,根据显色反应判断被检测样本有无HBV DNA。基因导流杂交法在低密度基因芯片平台上可以方便、快速、准确地检测乙肝病毒。     

西部马脑炎病毒基因组序列的半套式RT-PCR检测

为进一步提高RT－PCR检测西部马脑炎病毒（WEE）病毒基因组方法的敏感性,采用半套式PCR扩增病毒基因组特异序列,首先采用逆转录法将病毒基因组RNA逆转录为cDNA,然后以此cDNA为模板,进行扩增。对扩增后电泳检查无可见DNA条带的产物进行半套式PCR;与此同时对扩增的循环数、Mg^ 浓度和退火温度等条件进行了优化,以进一步提高扩增的特异性。结果第一轮PCR未扩出特异笥片段的WEE病毒稀释度,其半套式扩增出特定大小的DNA产物;同时优化的条件提高了扩增产物的特异性。扩增产物约为190bp的单一DNA片段,其大小与预期的相一致,结果表明采用半套式RT－PCR方法检测WEE病毒的基因组序列的敏感性可提高100倍以上。     

PCR 扩增人型结核杆菌 DNA 及结核杆菌属 DNA 探针的制备

用多聚酶链反应(PCR)方法扩增人型、牛型结核杆菌基因组 DNA,获得特异的158 bpDNA 片段,而从另外十三种分枝杆菌未见到特异的扩增产物.回收158 bpDNA 片段作探针,它除与人型、牛型结核杆菌有特异的杂交信号外,与金黄色葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌及一些分枝杆菌皆没有杂交反应.结果表明,PCR 可用于检测结核杆菌基因组 DNA,扩增产物158 bp DNA 片段可作为探针用于检测人型、牛型结核杆菌并鉴别结核杆菌与其它分枝杆菌.     

粘虫颗粒体病毒增效因子的基因定位

参考粉纹夜蛾Trichoplusia ni 颗粒体病毒增强因子的基因序列,设计PCR引物,用PCR反应扩增出特异性产物。用EcoRⅠ、BamHⅠ双酶酶切处理PCR反应产物,然后克隆到质粒pUC19中,构建重组质粒pUC19-SF;对重组质粒pUC19-SF中的外源片段测序,结果证明PCR扩增产物是粘虫颗粒体病毒PuGV-Ps增效因子基因的一段序列。重组质粒pUC19-SF的插入片段标记为探针,通过Southern杂交将增效因子基因定位于PuGV-Ps病毒基因组的多种酶切片段上。     

乙型脑炎病毒可视化分型基因芯片的制备

目的:制备乙型脑炎病毒(JEV)可视化分型基因芯片。方法:根据JEV的基因组序列,应用生物学软件设计JEV分型引物及探针,制备其可视化分型基因芯片;用生物素标记的引物PCR扩增目的片段,并与固定于玻片上的探针杂交,加入链霉亲和素标记的纳米金,银增强实现可视化;进行特异性、灵敏性及重复性试验。结果:探针特异地与相应的标记目的基因片段杂交,并在芯片上呈现较强的阳性杂交信号;2号探针能特异性检出JEV,3、4号探针可分别对Ⅰ型和Ⅲ型JEV进行分型;芯片对JEV质粒检测的灵敏度达105拷贝/mL;以蓝耳病病毒等5种病毒为对照,芯片只对JEV响应,具有特异性;制备的基因芯片具有批间、批内重复性。结论:制备的基因芯片具有高特异性、灵敏性及重复性,可以快速、准确、高通量地对JEV进行可视化分型检测。     

基因芯片技术检测重要人兽共患病病毒方法的建立

为了建立能对25种重要人兽共患病病毒进行筛查及鉴定用的基因芯片技术,本实验首先设计针对每种病毒的寡核苷酸探针并进行探针特异性的生物信息学验证.然后探索病毒核酸随机扩增方法,优化杂交动力学条件,建立本芯片标准的数据处理分析方法.最后用细胞培养的病毒和模拟临床标本验证芯片的敏感性与特异性．结果表明,锚定随机PCR扩增法适合于本芯片病毒核酸的扩增;芯片杂交前用0.25% NaBH4进行封闭,最优杂交条件为51 ℃,2 h及50%甲酰胺浓度;芯片具有较好的敏感性及检测特异性．初步结果表明,本实验所建立的基因芯片技术可应用于对25种重要人兽共患病病毒进行筛查及鉴定．     

基于线粒体细胞色素C氧化酶Ⅰ基因序列的细胞种属鉴别及细胞交叉污染分析

目的建立一种快速、简便、敏感和特异的基于线粒体细胞色素C氧化酶I(cytochrome C oxidase subunit I,CoI)基因序列的细胞基质检测方法,用于细胞种属鉴别和不同种属间的细胞交叉污染分析。方法①提取非洲绿猴肾细胞(Vero细胞)、狗肾细胞(MDCK细胞)和牛肾细胞(MDBK细胞)基因组DNA,以PCR扩增相应细胞的线粒体CoI基因保守区的基因条码序列,将扩增产物经琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测其基因片段的大小,并与文献报道的来源于ATCC相应细胞系线粒体CoI基因保守区的基因条码序列片段大小进行对比,以确定细胞的种属类别;②用Vero细胞、MDCK细胞和MDBK细胞的线粒体CoI基因保守区的基因的特异性引物分别与相应细胞和其他不同种属的细胞的基因组DNA进行PCR扩增,检测方法的特异性;用不同浓度的细胞基因组DNA与相应细胞的线粒体CoI基因保守区的基因的特异性引物进行PCR扩增,检测方法的灵敏度;③以不同种属细胞的线粒体CoI基因保守区的基因的特异性引物分别与多种细胞混合液提取的细胞基因组DNA进行PCR扩增,检测细胞间的交叉污染。结果 Vero细胞、MDCK细胞及MDBK细胞线粒体CoI基因保守序列中的基因条码序列片段大小,与来源于ATCC相应细胞系线粒体CoI基因保守序列中的基因条码序列片段大小相符。该方法具备较好的特异性,检测灵敏度为1.0 ng/μL,不同种属间细胞的交叉污染可被检出。结论该方法可有效地判断细胞的种属来源,亦可用于不同种属间细胞交叉污染的分析。     

一种基于寡核苷酸微阵列芯片的多重可扩增探针杂交技术

多重可扩增探针杂交技术(multiplex amplifiable probe hybridization,MAPH)是近年来发展起来的一种用于基因组中DNA拷贝数检测的新技术。并发展了一种基于寡核苷酸微阵列芯片的MAPH技术。该方法根据所检测的DNA序列,制备若干具有通用引物的FCR产物作为可扩增探针组,与固定在尼龙膜上待测的基因组DNA杂交。用磁珠回收特异性杂交的探针,经生物素标记的通用引物扩增后,与相应的寡核苷酸微阵列芯片杂交。该特异性的寡核苷酸微阵列芯片包括10个抗肌营养不良基因的外显子探针和阴性、阳性探针。杂交清冼后,链霉亲和素-Cy3染色用芯片扫描仪得到杂交的荧光图像。分析荧光信号的强度差异给出特定基因片段拷贝数的变化。该方法用微阵列技术代替MAPH中的电泳检测技术,可大幅度增加检测的通量。选择了一个正常男性、一个正常女性和一个肌营养不良症患者的基因组DNA来进行验证。结果表明,该方法能够同时给出抗肌营养不良基因多个外显子中的基因片段拷贝数差异信息。     

活疫苗及其生产基质中Sendai病毒RT-PCR检测方法的研究

目的建立检测Sendai病毒的RT-PCR方法并应用于活疫苗及其生产基质中Sendai病毒的检测.方法将Sendai病毒E17株接种9日龄鸡胚尿囊腔,72h后收集尿囊液,用于提取病毒RNA,并逆转录成cDNA,用两对针对Sendai病毒NP基因设计的外引物和内引物分别进行扩增.扩增产物克隆于T-载体,并测序.尿囊液按10倍倍比稀释,进行敏感性实验.将该方法用于检测乙脑减毒活疫苗和用于生产疫苗用的普通级乳地鼠肾中的Sendai病毒.结果外引物和内引物的PCR分别扩增出684bp和248bp的片段,外引物PCR产物的测序结果与Genbank报告的序列完全一致.敏感性实验结果表明,第一次PCR可检测到10-4病毒滴度,巢式PCR可检测到10-7病毒滴度.乙脑减毒活疫苗和乳地鼠肾的检测结果为阴性.结论建立检测Sendai病毒的RT-PCR方法具有很高的特异性和敏感性.     

用SARS冠状病毒全基因组芯片杂交方法分析SARS-CoV

为从临床样品中检测和分析SARSCoV病毒打基础,并为分析SARSCoV病毒的复制和转录等机理提供一种有效方法。以SARS冠状病毒TOR2株序列作为标准设计和制备一种覆盖SARS冠状病毒全基因组的寡聚核苷酸芯片,探针长度为70nt,每相邻的探针序列重复25nt,共660条。用该芯片分析了细胞培养的SARSCoV病毒总RNA、7个SARSCoV病毒的基因克隆片段。对RNA样品用随机引物进行反转录PCR获得cDNA。对DNA用随机引物扩增和dUTPcy3标记。结果用这种芯片杂交检测SARSCoV病毒RNA可见阳性信号呈全基因组分布,并且有多处连续的阳性信号点;用正常人的白细胞RNA为对照,杂交未出现明显阳性信号。检测7个SARSCoV病毒基因克隆片段,在该片段相应的探针区段出现连续阳性信号点。这种方法可有效地检测和分析样品中SARS冠状病毒全基因组的信息。     

Sensitive detection of Mycoplasma pulmonis by using the polymerase chain reaction

Detection of Mycoplasma pulmonis was examined by using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for amplifying a specific DNA sequence. In gel electrophoresis which was conducted to detect the amplified products, only 1 pg of M. pulmonis DNA could be detected following 30 cycles of amplification, while no amplified product was detected even from 1 microgram of M. arthritidis or M. neurolyticum DNA. Furthermore, 10 colony-forming units of M. pulmonis could be detected by direct amplification from the mycoplasma suspension. These results suggest the usefulness of the PCR as a highly sensitive, specific, and rapid method for direct detection of M. pulmonis.     

Microarrays for the detection of HBV and HDV

The increasing pace of development in molecular biology during the last decade has had a direct effect on mass testing and diagnostic applications, including blood screening. We report the model Microarray that has been developed for Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Hepatitis D virus (HDV) detection. The specific primer pairs of PCR were designed using the Primer Premier 5.00 program according to the conserved regions of HBV and HDV. PCR fragments were purified and cloned into pMD18-T vectors. The recombinant plasmids were extracted from positive clones and the target gene fragments were sequenced. The DNA microarray was prepared by robotically spotting PCR products onto the surface of glass slides. Sequences were aligned, and the results obtained showed that the products of PCR amplification were the required specific gene fragments of HBV, and HDV. Samples were labeled by Restriction Display PCR (RD-PCR). Gene chip hybridizing signals showed that the specificity and sensitivity required for HBV and HDV detection were satisfied. Using PCR amplified products to construct gene chips for the simultaneous clinical diagnosis of HBV and HDV resulted in a quick, simple, and effective method. We conclude that the DNA microarray assay system might be useful as a diagnostic technique in the clinical laboratory. Further applications of RD-PCR for the sample labeling could speed up microarray multi-virus detection.     

Duplex shuttle PCR for differential diagnosis of budgerigar fledgling disease and psittacine beak and feather disease

Two common viral diseases in psittacine birds including budgerigar fledgling disease (BFD), generally called avian polyomavirus (APV) infection, and psittacine beak and feather disease (PBFD) have similar clinical manifestations characterized by feather disorders. A duplex shuttle PCR was developed for detection of APV and PBFD virus (PBFDV). Two pairs of oligonucleotide primers were designed to amplify a 298-bp fragment of the t/T antigen region of APV genome and a 495-bp fragment of the capsid protein region encoded by open reading frame (ORF) C1 of PBFDV genome, respectively. In the present study, APV and PBFDV were detected simultaneously in one tube by duplex shuttle PCR using these two pairs of primers. The detection limits were 2 viral copies of APV and 3 viral copies of PBFDV. In the clinical application, we detected 16 APV-positive, 15 PBFDV-positive, and 3 mixed infected samples in 39 samples examined. Sequences of the amplified products were read. The t/T antigen region was conserved in the APV-positive samples as expected. ORF C1 of PBFDV genome showed diversity. Phylogenic analysis indicated that PBFDV ORF C1 consisted of 6 clusters which were related to subfamilies of psittacine birds. Our duplex shuttle PCR could be a useful method for differential diagnosis and molecular epidemiology of BFD and PBFD.     

全基因组扩增策略在基因芯片分析SARS冠状病毒实验中的应用

针对SARS冠状病毒的分子生物学检测是控制SARS流行的关键环节。为评价全基因组扩增对SARS微量样本检测的影响 ,采用 6 mer随机引物反转录 ,用加接头的随机引物合成第二链 ,再以接头序列为引物扩增并掺入荧光标记 ,最后与带有 70 mer探针的基因芯片杂交。此非特异方法基本覆盖了样本中的全部DNA ,结果发现SARS冠状病毒全基因组的扩增效果对基因芯片杂交结果的均匀性有较大影响 ,PCR循环次数增多会导致扩增均匀性的降低。分析了不同的引物对全基因组扩增均匀性的影响 ,探讨了全基因组扩增策略的缺陷。     

Utilization of the polymerase chain reaction in the diagnosis of nuclear polyhedrosis virus infections of gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar, Lep., Lymantriidae) populations

Abstract:  Three specific DNA probes were used for the detection of the nuclear polyhedrosis (NPV) virus of Lymantria dispar ( Ld NPV) genome. Two of these probes, H2 and H3 were obtained by classical cloning method and one (TR6) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). These probes, used individually or in a pool in the standard slot–blot hybridizations, were able to detect 10⁹ genome copies. By performing 35 cycles of PCR amplification before hybridization with primers specific to Ld NPV genome on DNA extracted from infected larvae, the sensitivity of the hybridization technique was increased, so that as little as 10 copies of the Ld NPV genome could be detected. Using these methods, L. dispar naturally infected by Ld NPV were identified among field populations in Canada and in the United States near the eastern Canadian border. Using a combination of PCR and hybridization, Ld NPV contamination of egg masses were also detected. By disinfecting the eggs with sodium hypochlorite prior to PCR amplification and hybridization, it was also demonstrated that transmission of viral infection in the natural populations is mainly caused by external contamination of the egg and is unlikely to occur through the transovarial route.     

The simple and rapid detection of specific PCR products from bacterial genomes using Zn finger proteins

A novel method of rapid and specific detection of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products from bacterial genomes using Zn finger proteins was developed. Zn finger proteins are DNA-binding proteins that can sequence specifically recognize PCR products. Since Zn finger proteins can directly detect PCR products without undergoing dehybridization, unlike probe DNA, and can double check the specific PCR amplification and sequence specificity of the PCR products, this novel method would be quick and highly accurate. In this study, we tried to detect Legionella pneumophila using Sp1. It was found that a 49 bp L. pneumophila-specific region containing the Sp1 recognition site is located on the flhA gene of the L. pneumophila genome. We succeeded in specifically detecting PCR products amplified from L. pneumophila in the presence of other bacterial genomes by ELISA, and demonstrated that Sp1 enables the discrimination of L. pneumophila-specific PCR products from others. By fluorescence depolarization measurement, these specific PCR products could be detected within 1 min. These results indicate that the rapid and simple detection of PCR products specific to L. pneumophila using a Zn finger protein was achieved. This methodology can be applied to the detection of other bacteria using various Zn finger proteins that have already been reported.