缺失p10基因的重组棉铃虫病毒导致多角体囊膜包装不完整

P10蛋白是杆状病毒感染细胞后在极晚期高度表达的两个蛋白之一.本文通过构建p10 缺失的重组棉铃虫病毒来研究P10的功能.利用λ噬菌体Red重组系统介导的同源重组,在大肠杆菌BW25113中,用含有40bp同源臂的氯霉素抗性基因替换了棉铃虫病毒(HaSNPV)细菌人工染色体HaBacHZ8上的p10基因, 然后利用Bac-to-Bac系统把多角体基因和绿色荧光蛋白基因转移到含有缺失p10的HaBacHZ8上, 构建了p10缺失的重组HaBacΔp10- PH-eGFP.重组病毒的生长曲线和生物测定结果表明,缺失p10基因对病毒复制和毒力无显著影响,但电镜观察结果显示,P10的缺失会影响多角体囊膜的包装.     

缺失p10基因的重组棉铃虫病毒导致多角体囊膜包装不完整

P10蛋白是杆状病毒感染细胞后在极晚期高度表达的两个蛋白之一。本文通过构建p10缺失的重组棉铃虫病毒来研究P10的功能。利用λ噬菌体Red重组系统介导的同源重组,在大肠杆菌BW25113中,用含有40bp同源臂的氯霉素抗性基因替换了棉铃虫病毒(HaSNPV)细菌人工染色体HaBacHZ8上的p10基因,然后利用Bac-to-Bac系统把多角体基因和绿色荧光蛋白基因转移到含有缺失p10的HaBacHZ8上,构建了p10缺失的重组HaBacΔp10-PH-eGFP。重组病毒的生长曲线和生物测定结果表明,缺失p10基因对病毒复制和毒力无显著影响,但电镜观察结果显示,P10的缺失会影响多角体囊膜的包装。     

一种以PCR产物直接构建同源重组杆状病毒的方法

发展了一种在不构建载体的前提下, 以PCR产物直接构建同源重组杆状病毒的方法. 这种方法建立在λ噬菌体Red重组系统能介导36 bp以上的同源片段产生同源重组的基础之上. 以棉铃虫单粒包埋型核多角体病毒(HaSNPV)为例, 详细地介绍了以氯霉素抗性基因(CmR)置换HaSNPV基因组中orf135的快速重组过程. 人工合成一对长60 bp左右的引物, 其中40 bp与HaSNPV orf135的头部和尾部序列同源, 另20 bp分别为氯霉素抗性基因的尾部和头部序列. 以含有CmR的质粒pKD3为模板, 利用这对引物PCR合成两侧各有40 bp orf135同源臂的CmR基因, 将此线性片段转化含有HaSNPV人工染色体(Bacmid)且能表达λ噬菌体Red重组酶的菌株中, 获得了缺失orf135并对氯霉素具有抗性的重组转化子. 由于整个过程无需构建载体, 重组过程在大肠杆菌中完成, 使得构建同源重组杆状病毒的过程大大缩短. 这种方法将广泛适用于其他具有较大基因组的病毒的基因置换和基因缺失.     

结核分枝杆菌同源重组基因敲除系统的构建和应用

【目的】结核分枝杆菌同源重组效率很低,突变株的构建需要半年之久。本研究的目的在于构建一种用于在结核分枝杆菌中进行基因快速敲除、且易于筛选的高效同源重组系统。【方法】野生型结核分枝杆菌转化含有SacB反向选择标记、且能诱导表达两种同源重组酶gp60和gp61的质粒pSL002。然后分别将靶基因的两个同源臂克隆入到含有hyg(潮霉素)抗性基因和gfp(绿色荧光蛋白)基因的重组质粒pSL001中,再将靶基因同源臂-loxP-hyg-gfp-loxP片段从pSL001切下,转化含有pSL002的野生型结核分枝杆菌,一步得到双交换突变株。再将含有SacB反向选择标记、且表达Cre重组酶的质粒pSL003转化入结核分枝杆菌双交换突变株中,切除两个loxP之间的hyg抗性基因和gfp基因,得到无痕缺失突变株。最后利用含有2%蔗糖的琼脂糖平板去除含有SacB反向选择标记的质粒pSL002和pSL003。【结果】在结核分枝杆菌中成功构建了高效同源重组系统,利用该系统构建了rv1364c、pstP跨膜区、pstP胞外区三个突变株,得到双交换突变株的效率为25%-62.5%,从双交换突变株得到无痕缺失突变株的效率为100%。通过gfp作为荧光标记基因,利用NightSea BlueStar蓝光手电筒和滤光眼镜,可以对平板上的基因缺失株直接进行快速判定。【结论】该同源重组系统利用gp60和gp61重组酶,在时间上将在结核分枝杆菌中无痕缺失突变株的构建从6个月缩短到3个月。这是目前为止在结核分枝杆菌中构建突变株最快且效率最高的方法,为加速分枝杆菌功能基因组的研究提供了新的遗传工具。     

鼠伤寒沙门菌spvBC基因编辑株的构建

利用λRed重组系统和pBAD原核表达载体构建鼠伤寒沙门菌spvBC质粒毒力基因修饰菌株,为深入探究沙门菌毒力基因spv的功能和致病机制及宿主抗感染免疫提供工具菌。以pKD4为模板,PCR扩增含spvBC同源臂的卡那霉素抗性基因以构建同源打靶片段,再将其电转入含有质粒pKD46的鼠伤寒沙门菌中进行同源重组,随后将质粒pCP20电转导入阳性转化子,消除卡那霉素抗性基因,PCR鉴定敲除株的构建。PCR扩增含酶切位点的spvBC基因片段,扩增产物与原核表达载体pBAD/gⅢ分别双酶切后连接构建pBAD-spvBC重组质粒,PCR筛选阳性菌落并测序鉴定。将构建成功的pBAD-spvBC重组质粒电转导入spvBC敲除株中,Western blot测定不同浓度L-阿拉伯糖诱导SpvB和SpvC蛋白表达情况。PCR结果表明鼠伤寒沙门菌spvBC基因敲除成功;PCR及测序结果表明pBAD-spvBC重组质粒构建成功,Western blot结果表明13 mmol/L L-阿拉伯糖可诱导SpvB和SpvC蛋白正常表达。λRed重组系统可用于沙门菌质粒上大片段基因的敲除,pBAD原核表达载体可用于沙门菌质粒上大片段基因的回补,丰富了细菌质粒的基因修饰和编辑策略。     

肠出血性大肠杆菌O157∶H7前噬菌体CP-933Y缺失突变株的构建

目的:利用Red重组系统敲除肠出血性大肠杆菌O157∶H7前噬菌体片段CP-933Y,进而构建CP-933Y缺失突变株。方法:以肠出血性大肠杆菌O157∶H7菌株为模板,加入酶切位点PCR扩增前噬菌体CP-933Y上、下游各600 bp的同源臂序列;酶切后分别连接到p UC19-kan质粒的卡那霉素(包含FRT位点)抗性基因两侧,构建中间是卡那霉素抗性基因标记含有目的基因上、下游同源序列的线性片段;导入含有p KD46质粒的O157∶H7菌株中,利用Red编码的同源重组酶使该片段与目的基因上、下游发生同源重组,卡那霉素抗性基因置换菌株中CP-933Y前噬菌体片段,最后导入p CP20质粒去除卡那霉素抗性标记基因。结果:经PCR及测序验证,O157∶H7菌株中前噬菌体片段CP-933Y被敲除,敲除株与野生株具有相似的生长曲线。结论:构建了大肠杆菌O157∶H7前噬菌体CP-933Y缺失株,为进一步研究前噬菌体CP-933Y的功能奠定了基础。     

Bac-to-Bac系统在杆状病毒功能基因研究上的应用

利用Bac-to-Bac系统,在大肠细菌中复制增殖杆状病毒质粒bacmid,并通过RecA介导法、ET-recombination法在bacmid DNA上缺失或插入功能基因,构建功能基因缺陷型或补回型的杆状病毒质粒.该质粒转染到昆虫细胞中产生重组病毒,进而在细胞甚至虫体水平上研究基因的功能,极大改善了传统上用空斑实验筛选重组病毒的不足.     

表达barnase基因的重组棉铃虫核型多角体病毒的构建及其杀虫活性研究

将含有 barnase基因与杆状病毒多角体基因 ( ph)的重组转座载体 p Fb- Bar在大肠杆菌中与含有棉铃虫核型多角体病毒 ( Ha NPV)的穿梭载体 Hanpvid转座并提取重组穿梭载体 DNA转染棉铃虫细胞 ,得到重组棉铃虫病毒 r Ha- Bar.其分子杂交证明 ,昆虫细胞中有 r Ha- Bar的 bar基因转录本存在 ,并能表达产生 33k D的多角体蛋白和 1 2 k D的 barnase.在平板上 ,barnase能降解RNA,出现清晰的降解圈 .r Ha- Bar对三龄棉铃虫幼虫的毒力比野生型 Ha NPV的 LD50 减少 2 0 % ,LT50 减少 30 % .用 barnase的拮抗基因 barstar构建了具有 Neo抗性、并能稳定表达 barstar的棉铃虫转化细胞 AM1 - NB.以携带 barnase基因的重组病毒 r Ha- Bar分别感染转化细胞和正常细胞 ,48h子代病毒在转化细胞中的产量比在正常细胞中高 2 3倍 ,72 h高 1 60倍 .     

Knockout of csrA Gene in Escherichia coli and Its Effects on Phenylalanine Biosynthesis

csrA 基因产物是大肠杆菌芳香族氨基酸生物合成途径中碳中心代谢有关的一种全局性调控蛋白质.采用 Red 敲除系统介导的同源重组的方法定位缺失大肠杆菌染色体 csrA 基因,经 PCR、DNA 测序等多种方法证实了基因重组缺失的可靠性.csrA基因缺失后,缺失菌株较对照菌株,糖酸转化率有所提高,发酵生产苯丙氨酸的能力也得到一定的提高,产酸提高约13％.     

利用Red重组系统敲除鲍曼不动杆菌asa A基因

目的利用Red重组系统敲除鲍曼不动杆菌ATCC 17978的asaA。方法设计上下游引物中包含asaA的同源序列,并以pKD4质粒为模板,扩增含有卡那霉素抗性基因的DNA片段。将该片段转化于表达重组酶的17978感受态细胞中,在卡那霉素筛选压力下,得到经两次同源双交换的具有卡那霉素基因标记的突变菌株。随后,在重组酶的作用下将抗性基因去除,最终得到无抗性基因标记的突变菌株ΔasaA。结果通过该重组系统,首先将卡那霉素抗性基因的DNA片段替换了基因组中asaA的DNA片段,然后将卡那霉素抗性基因的DNA片段消除,最终获得了asaA缺失的突变体。结论通过Red重组系统为鲍曼不动杆菌中其他基因的缺失突变提供方法与思路。     

Macrofungi associated with vegetation and soils at Ha Ha Tonka State Park, Missouri

Fungi and vascular plant interactions are necessary components of natural community establishment, productivity and degradation. While many fungal species serve as decomposers of organic matter, others have evolved mutualistic or parasitic relationships with vascular plants. This research focused on characterizing associations among macrofungi, vascular plant communities and soils. Ha Ha Tonka State Park is in central Missouri and has a varying landscape with numerous natural community types that provide diverse habitats and microhabitats that are ideally suited to the investigation of fungal, floral and soil associations. Five communities sampled within the park included glades, open woodlands, flatwoods, closed-canopy forests and karst sinks. Permanent 0.01 ha. plots were surveyed in the 2006 and 2007 growing seasons. Surveys of plots and entire communities yielded 249 fungal taxa and approximately 265 floral taxa. Soils were analyzed to help define specific edaphic components of each community and used to associate soil attributes with plant and fungal communities. Forest communities contained the most ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi species. Karst sinks and glades had higher soil pH and phosphorus and fewer ectomycorrhizal fungi. Statistical analyses included non-metric multidimensional scaling, multiresponse permutation procedure and indicator species analysis. Indicator species were identified for flatwood, forest and karst communities, but results were inconclusive for glades and open woodlands.     

Phosphorylation of the 105-kDa heat shock proteins, HSP105alpha and HSP105beta, by casein kinase II

The 105-kDa heat shock protein alpha (HSP105alpha) and HSP105beta are mammalian heat shock proteins that belong to the HSP105/HSP110 family. Both HSP105alpha and HSP105beta consist of acidic and basic isoforms. Here we report that the acidic isoforms are serine phosphorylated HSP105alpha or HSP105beta. Furthermore, using an in-gel kinase assay with HSP105alpha or HSP105beta as the substrate, the protein kinase that phosphorylates HSP105alpha and HSP105beta was identified as casein kinase II. Since phosphorylated HSP105alpha is especially prominent in the brain compared to other tissues of mice and rats, the phosphorylation of HSP105alpha by casein kinase II may be biologically significant.     

After the Massacre: Commemoration and Consolation in Ha My and My Lai

After the Massacre: Commemoration and Consolation in Ha My and My Lai . Heonik Kwon. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2006. 217 pp.     

Lower Emsian biostratigraphy and event stratigraphy of Ha Giang Province,northern Vietnam

A new species of rugose coral, Sanidophyllum dubium n. sp., and the typical Emsian (Early Devonian) rugose coral Xystriphylloides nobilis are described from the Mia Le Formation in northern Vietnam. The lower Emsian index conodonts ranging from the Polygnathus excavatus zone to the P. nothoperbonus zone are illustrated. The biostratigraphic correlation between northern Vietnam and South China shows that the Mia Le Formation in northern Vietnam is early Emsian in age, and its upper part can be correlated with the lower part of the Shizhou Member of the Yukiang Formation in Liujing, Guangxi and its equivalents in South China. Based on the study of the lower Emsian biostratigraphic sequence, the disappearance of Xystriphylloides nobilis fauna in the overlying bed of the uppermost Mia Le Formation and the extinction of the “tonkinensis fauna” (sensu lato) in the interval between the basal Si Phai Formation and the uppermost Mia Le Formation demonstrate the influence of the Yujiang Event in northern Vietnam.