内蒙古白绒山羊erk2基因的克隆及表达模式分析

旨在克隆内蒙古白绒山羊erk2基因cDNA并分析其基本表达模式。采用RT-PCR方法克隆白绒山羊erk2基因cDNA。通过在线软件Blast进行核酸序列分析,用SMART与Psite进行氨基酸序列分析。定量RT-PCR检测erk2基因在绒山羊组织中的表达特异性。免疫组化法检测绒山羊睾丸中erk2表达。克隆到的内蒙古白绒山羊erk2基因cDNA片段 (GenBank Accession No.JX569765) 长1 083 bp,包含了编码360个氨基酸残基的全长ORF,氨基酸序列与牛的ERK2 (Bos Taurus BC133588.1) 同源性为100％。SMART分析表明,ORF编码的蛋白包含了活化位点“TEY”及具有丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶催化活性的S-TKc结构域。Psite分析表明,含2个N-糖基化位点、1个依赖于cAMP/cGMP的蛋白激酶磷酸化位点、3个蛋白激酶c磷酸化位点、5个酪蛋白激酶Ⅱ磷酸化位点、2个N-豆蔻酰化位点、2个异戊二烯基结合区 (CAAX box)、7个微体羧基端靶向信号、2个蛋白激酶ATP结合区标记及一个丝/苏氨酸蛋白激酶活性区域标记。PSORT (k-NN prediction) 程序预测其定位于细胞质中。定量RT-PCR分析显示erk2基因mRNA丰度在心脏、皮肤以及乳腺组织中mRNA丰度较高,脾、肾中的表达相对较低。在睾丸中检测到ERK2蛋白表达。     

玉米中一种新的蛋白激酶电子克隆与序列分析

目的：电子克隆玉米中一种新的蛋白激酶基因。方法：以拟南芥中一个蛋白激酶的氨基酸序列为探针,对玉米的EST数据库进行同源性检索和筛选并克隆。结果：序列分析显示该cDNA长1121bp,有一个450bp的开放阅读框,编码149个氨基酸,且具有保守苏氨酸/丝氨酸蛋白激酶结构域和TEY基元,说明所克隆的cDNA序列为玉米的MAPK全长cDNA。结论：所克隆的cDNA序列为玉米的MAPK全长cDNA。     

谷子SiMAPK3基因的克隆和表达特性分析

丝裂原激活的蛋白激酶（MAPK）是一类丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白质激酶,在植物生长发育、响应逆境胁迫及激素信号转导等方面具有重要作用。以谷子品种豫谷1号为试材,克隆与拟南芥AtMAPK3同源性最高的谷子SiMAPK3基因,并系统利用生物信息学方法分析SiMAPK3蛋白理化性质、结构与功能;利用RT-qPCR技术检测SiMAPK3基因在谷子拔节前期不同组织和不同非生物逆境胁迫下的表达水平。结果表明,谷子SiMAPK3基因开放阅读框为1 128 bp,编码一个含有376个氨基酸的蛋白,预测蛋白分子量为43 427.85 Da,等电点为5.46。谷子SiMAPK3为不含信号肽的亲水性膜外蛋白,其二级结构包含44.27%的α螺旋、14.67%的β折叠、5.07%的延伸链及36.00%的无规则卷曲,其第44-328位氨基酸之间含有Pkinase保守结构域,属于MAPK蛋白激酶家族。谷子SiMAPK3三级结构与拟南芥MAPK具有很高的相似度,存在着11个丝氨酸、8个苏氨酸、4个酪氨酸及大量潜在磷酸化位点。RT-qPCR分析表明,SiMAPK3在拔节前期谷子根、茎和叶中均有表达,其在叶片中的表达量最高,约为...     

甜瓜HMGR基因全长cDNA的克隆及序列分析

根据已报道的reticulatus甜瓜的HMGR cDNA序列设计合成引物,应用RT-PCR技术从甜瓜品种河套蜜瓜幼果总RNA中克隆得到HMGR的全长cDNA序列,共1 939 bp,编码588个氨基酸。序列比对及系统发育分析表明,该HMGR cD-NA序列与已报道的reticulatus甜瓜HMGR基因cDNA序列完全一致,和拟南芥HMG1亲缘关系最近。该基因的克隆为研究该基因在甜瓜中的表达特性及其功能奠定基础。     

大叶落地生根类糖原合成激酶KdSK基因的克隆与表达分析

类糖原合成酶激酶(SKs)属于丝氨酸/苏氨酸类蛋白激酶,在植物器官发育、激素信号传导过程中十分重要,并参与生物胁迫、非生物胁迫的应答过程。大叶落地生根中的胎生苗发育过程,同时具备胚胎发生和器官发生的特征,是研究无性生殖的理想模型。为了更好地理解大叶落地生根中胎生苗发育的分子机制,该研究利用RACE-PCR技术,从大叶落地生根中克隆了1个新的基因KdSK。该基因具有423个氨基酸残基,分子量为47.79 kD,等电点为8.37,其开放阅读框长为1 272 bp。其蛋白与黄瓜的同源性最高,属于植物类GSK3/shaggy蛋白激酶家族的第Ⅳ类,与苜蓿(MSK4)蛋白在进化关系上最近,且与拟南芥(AtSK4-1、AtKSK4-2)聚为一枝。保守域结构分析表明,KdSK蛋白具有明显的蛋白激酶的结构域,包括蛋白激酶的ATP结构域和丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶活化结构域。实时荧光定量PCR分析表明,该蛋白基因在大叶落地生根的根中表达量最高,且受渗透胁迫(甘露醇)的诱导上调表达。该研究首次从大叶落地生根中克隆出KdSK基因,该研究结果为进一步研究该基因的功能打下了基础。     

甜瓜转录因子CmSBP11基因的cDNA克隆与表达分析

为了研究甜瓜转录因子Cm SBP11基因在甜瓜不同组织中的表达特性及其功能,首先,根据西班牙葫芦科基因组数据库MELONOMICS中释放的CmSBP111基因的cDNA序列设计特异性引物,使用RT-PCR方法对目的片段进行克隆,其次,利用实时荧光定量PCR方法分析该基因在不同的组织中的表达情况,最后使用STRING交互式数据库构建该蛋白的互作网络后,成功克隆得到长度为1 020 bp的cDNA片段,该片段编码317个氨基酸,CmSBP11基因在甜瓜的根、叶和果实中具有表达,但在果实中表达量最高。蛋白调控网络分析显示该蛋白在甜瓜果实发育成熟过程中参与维生素C的代谢过程。本研究所获得的结果为甜瓜果实发育成熟过程的分子机制的解析提供帮助。     

稻属中一个高度保守和组成型表达酪氨酸／丝氨酸－酸酸双特性蛋白激酶基因的克隆与分析

从水稻中克隆了一个在稻属植物中高度保守和组成型表达的丝氨酸／苏氨酸蛋白激酶基因（OsSTK）。该基因包含两个外显子和一个114bp的小内含子序列,预测编码一个419个氨基酸的蛋白质。该基因推导的氨基酸序列与其它已知序列的一致性均低于52％。利用从不同种和类型的野生稻克隆的部分该基因序列构建的系统树与野生稻的分类和进化关系相一致。OSPKN-端拥有一段富含丝氨酸、碱性氨基酸和带电荷氨基酸的特异性导肽序列,其中包含“GDGDGDGDG”短重复序列。由于该基因蛋白激酶结构域中的VIb,VIII和XI亚结构域中同时具有酪氨酸蛋白激酶和丝氨酸／苏氨酸蛋白激酶的特性,推测该基因可能同时具有催化酪氨酸和丝氨酸、苏氨酸磷酸化的双重功能。     

枸杞MADS-box1基因的克隆及组织表达分析

MADS-box转录因子是果实成熟调控网络中的关键因子之一,调控果实发育、成熟与开裂、花器官的形成、光合作用与营养代谢以及激素信号转导等生理活动.本研究以宁夏枸杞果实为材料,利用RACE技术克隆枸杞MADS-box1基因,通过BLASTN进行相似性分析;采用DNAMAN软件构建进化树;采用ExPaSy的SOPMA和Phyre 2软件进行蛋白质二级结构预测与3D结构建模;利用实时PCR方法分析Lb MADS-box1基因的时空表达变化规律.结果显示:LbMADS-box1基因(GenBank登录号为KU955318)全长788 bp,ORF(开放阅读框)741 bp,编码247个氨基酸.生物信息学分析显示LbMADS-box1蛋白包含一个MADS保守结构域和K-domain,属于SEP亚家族,具有26个丝氨酸位点,7个苏氨酸位点和4个酪氨酸位点,这37个位点为蛋白激酶信号级联放大时磷酸化点.二级结构预测发现α螺旋所占比例最大,为53.49％;不规则卷曲结构次之,比例为33.33％;延伸链结构占8.91％;beta turn(β转角)最少,仅为4.26％.qPCR结果显示LbMADS-box1基因在枸杞不同器官的表达具有特异性.在花中的表达量达到峰值在叶、茎中的表达量次之,在根中的表达量最小.在枸杞果实绿熟期、破色期、粉红期和红熟期发育过程中,LbMADS-box1表达量呈现逐步升高,与果实软化的趋势一致,表明LbMADS-box1转录因子可能参与调控枸杞果实成熟和软化.     

甜瓜乙烯受体基因Cm-ETR1 cDNA的克隆及表达特性分析

乙烯感知和信号转导的初始成分是乙烯受体,为探明甜瓜乙烯受体基因Cm-ETR1在甜瓜果实成熟过程中的作用,以甜瓜品种河套蜜瓜为材料,根据GenBank中登录的甜瓜乙烯受体基因Cm-ETR1的cDNA序列(登录号为AF054806),设计合成特异性引物,采用RT-PCR技术克隆得到Cm-ETR1基因全长cDNA序列,提交到GenBank中(登录号为EF495185)。序列分析表明,序列长度为2 256 bp,编码区为2 223 bp,编码740个氨基酸,与已报道的cantalupenis甜瓜ETR1基因的cDNA序列完全一致。Cm-ETR1蛋白的系统进化树分析结果表明,该乙烯受体蛋白在各物种间高度保守,与黄瓜乙烯受体蛋白相似性最高,一致性为99%,与龙眼乙烯受体蛋白相似性最低,一致性为86%。定量PCR分析结果显示,随着甜瓜果实内源乙烯合成量和成熟程度的增加,Cm-ETR1基因的表达量同步增加,在果实乙烯跃变期,Cm-ETR1的表达量也达到最高值,内源乙烯合成量与Cm-ETR1基因表达量间呈显著正相关,表明Cm-ETR1基因在甜瓜果实成熟过程中可能具有重要的作用。     

小桐子JcCIPK2基因的克隆与表达分析

钙调磷酸酶B类似蛋白互作蛋白激酶(CBL-interacting protein kinase, CIPK)是一类植物中特有的丝氨酸/苏氨酸(Ser/Thr)蛋白激酶,参与多种生物和非生物胁迫响应过程。该实验通过RT-PCR克隆了小桐子(Jatropha curcas L.)JcCIPK2基因cDNA全长序列,采用荧光定量qRT-PCR分析JcCIPK2基因在不同组织及不同处理(12℃和1℃低温、42℃高温、30%PEG、250 mmol/L NaCl、150μmol/L ABA)下的表达模式。结果显示:(1)小桐子JcCIPK2基因开放阅读框全长1 398 bp,编码465个氨基酸,相对分子量为52.95 kD,等电点为8.89。(2)蛋白质结构分析表明,JcCIPK2的N端含有位于第11～265个氨基酸之间的丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶_蔗糖非发酵-1型相关蛋白激酶3催化域STKc_SnRK3,在激酶结构域内还具有激活环(Activation Loop);C端含有位于第316～430个氨基酸之间的CIPK蛋白激酶调控域CIPK_C,其调控域中含有CIPK家族典型的能与CBL特异性结合的NAF结构域,位于第314～369个氨基酸之间。(3)系统进化分析显示,小桐子JcCIPK2蛋白与同属于大戟科的木薯(Manihot esculenta Crantz.)同源关系最近,序列一致性达87%。(4)qRT-PCR分析表明,JcCIPK2基因在小桐子根、茎、叶中均有表达,经12℃和1℃低温处理后,叶片中JcCIPK2基因的表达都呈现先上调后下调表达的趋势,且都在低温处理24 h的表达量最高,与对照相比分别上调了6.0倍和16.72倍;小桐子JcCIPK2基因在42℃高温、30%PEG、150μmol/L ABA、250 mmol/L NaCl处理下也受到不同程度的诱导表达。研究推测,JcCIPK2基因在小桐子对逆境的响应与适应中起重要作用。     

Evidence that CTR1-Mediated Ethylene Signal Transduction in Tomato is Encoded by a Multigene Family Whose Members Display Distinct Regulatory Features

Ethylene governs a range of developmental and response processes in plants. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the Raf-like kinase CTR1 acts as a key negative regulator of ethylene responses. While only one gene with CTR1 function apparently exists in Arabidopsis, we have isolated a family of CTR1- like genes in tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum ). Based on amino acid alignments and phylogenetic analysis, these tomato CTR1- like genes are more similar to Arabidopsis CTR1 than any other sequences in the Arabidopsis genome. Structural analysis reveals considerable conservation in the size and position of the exons between Arabidopsis and tomato CTR1 genomic sequences. Complementation of the Arabidopsis ctr1-8 mutant with each of the tomato CTR genes indicates that they are all capable of functioning as negative regulators of the ethylene pathway. We previously reported that LeCTR1 expression is up-regulated in response to ethylene. Here, quantitative real-time PCR was carried out to detail expression for LeCTR1 and the additional CTR1 -like genes of tomato. Our results indicate that the tomato CTR1 gene family is differentially regulated at the mRNA level by ethylene and during stages of development marked by increased ethylene biosynthesis, including fruit ripening. The possibility of a multi-gene family of CTR1 -like genes in other species besides tomato was examined through mining of EST and genomic sequence databases.     

Characterization of two CTR-like protein kinases in Rosa hybrida and their expression during flower senescence and in response to ethylene

The expression of two CTR-gene homologues was investigated during flower senescence in two Rosa hybrida cultivars. A fragment of a gene for a protein kinase, termed RhCTR1 (GenBank Acc. No. AF271206), was amplified by PCR and used to isolate the corresponding full-length cDNA (Acc. No. AY032953) from a rose petal cDNA library. The protein RhCTR1 has 66% amino acid identity to Arabidopsis CTR1. A fragment of a second CTR homologue, termed RhCTR2 (Acc. No. AY029067) is 69% identical to the corresponding region of RhCTR1. RhCTR1 expression increased during flower senescence, while RhCTR2 was constitutively expressed during flower development. The expression of both RhCTR1 and RhCTR2 was increased in response to exogenous ethylene.     

Isolation and identification by sequence homology of a putative cytosine methyltransferase from Arabidopsis thaliana.

A plant cytosine methyltransferase cDNA was isolated using degenerate oligonucleotides, based on homology between prokaryote and mouse methyltransferases, and PCR to amplify a short fragment of a methyltransferase gene. A fragment of the predicted size was amplified from genomic DNA from Arabidopsis thaliana. Overlapping cDNA clones, some with homology to the PCR amplified fragment, were identified and sequenced. The assembled nucleic acid sequence is 4720 bp and encodes a protein of 1534 amino acids which has significant homology to prokaryote and mammalian cytosine methyltransferases. Like mammalian methylases, this enzyme has a C terminal methyltransferase domain linked to a second larger domain. The Arabidopsis methylase has eight of the ten conserved sequence motifs found in prokaryote cytosine-5 methyltransferases and shows 50% homology to the murine enzyme in the methyltransferase domain. The amino terminal domain is only 24% homologous to the murine enzyme and lacks the zinc binding region that has been found in methyltransferases from both mouse and man. In contrast to mouse where a single methyltransferase gene has been identified, a small multigene family with homology to the region amplified in PCR has been identified in Arabidopsis thaliana.     

Biochemical and functional analysis of CTR1, a protein kinase that negatively regulates ethylene signaling in Arabidopsis

CTR1 encodes a negative regulator of the ethylene response pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana. The C-terminal domain of CTR1 is similar to the Raf family of protein kinases, but its first two-thirds encodes a novel protein domain. We used a variety of approaches to investigate the function of these two CTR1 domains. Recombinant CTR1 protein was purified from a baculoviral expression system, and shown to possess intrinsic Ser/Thr protein kinase activity with enzymatic properties similar to Raf-1. Deletion of the N-terminal domain did not elevate the kinase activity of CTR1, indicating that, at least in vitro, this domain does not autoinhibit kinase function. Molecular analysis of loss-of-function ctr1 alleles indicated that several mutations disrupt the kinase catalytic domain, and in vitro studies confirmed that at least one of these eliminates kinase activity, which indicates that kinase activity is required for CTR1 function. One missense mutation, ctr1-8, was found to result from an amino acid substitution within a new conserved motif within the N-terminal domain. Ctr1-8 has no detectable effect on the kinase activity of CTR1 in vitro, but rather disrupts the interaction with the ethylene receptor ETR1. This mutation also disrupts the dominant negative effect that results from overexpression of the CTR1 amino-terminal domain in transgenic Arabidopsis. These results suggest that CTR1 interacts with ETR1 in vivo, and that this association is required to turn off the ethylene-signaling pathway.     

Isolation and characterization of the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Larix gmelinii </Emphasis><Emphasis Type="Italic">ANGUSTIFOLIA</Emphasis> (<Emphasis Type="Italic">LgAN</Emphasis>) gene

ANGUSTIFOLIA (AN), a plant homolog of C-terminal binding protein, controls the polar elongation of leaf cells and the trichome-branching pattern in Arabidopsis thaliana. In the present study, degenerate PCR was used to isolate an ortholog of AN, referred to as LgAN, from larch (Larix gmelinii). The LgAN cDNA is predicted to encode a protein of 646 amino acids that shows striking sequence similarity to AN proteins from other plants. The predicted amino acid sequence has a conserved NAD-dependent 2-hydroxy acid dehydrogenase (D2-HDH) motif and a plant AN-specific LxCxE/D motif at its N-terminus, as well as a plant-specific long C-terminal region. The LgAN gene is a single-copy gene that is expressed in all larch tissues. Expression of the LgAN cDNA rescued the leaf width and trichome-branching pattern defects in the angustifolia-1 (an-1) mutant of Arabidopsis, showing that the LgAN gene has effects complementary to those of AN. These results suggest that the LgAN gene has the same function as the AN gene.     

Heterologous expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae of an Arabidopsis thaliana cDNA encoding mevalonate diphosphate decarboxylase

Sequence comparison with the mevalonate diphosphate decarboxylase (MVD) amino acid sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae identified an EST clone corresponding to a cDNA that may encode Arabidopsis thaliana MVD (AtMVD1). This enzyme catalyses the synthesis of isopentenyl diphosphate, the building block of sterol and isoprenoid biosynthesis, and uses mevalonate diphosphate as a substrate. Sequencing of the full-length cDNA was performed. The predicted amino acid sequence presents about 55% identity with the yeast, human and rat MVDs. The sequence of the genomic region of A. thaliana MVD was also obtained and Southern blot analysis on genomic DNA showed that A. thaliana could have at least one homologous MVD gene. In order to allow heterologous expression in S. cerevisiae, the MVD open reading frame (ORF) was then cloned under the control of the yeast PMA1 strong promoter. When expressed in yeast, the A. thaliana cDNA complemented both the thermosensitive MN19-34 strain deficient in MVD, and the lethal phenotype of an ERG19 deleted strain. However, the wild-type sterol content was not fully restored suggesting that the A. thaliana MVD activity may not be optimal in yeast. A two-hybrid assay was also performed to evaluate homodimer formation of the A. thaliana MVD and heterodimer formation between the plant and yeast heterologous enzymes.     

Correlation between the induction of a gene for Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase and the accumulation of proline in Arabidopsis thaliana under osmotic stress

The isolation and characterization is reported of a cDNA for Δ¹-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) synthetase (cAtP5CS), an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of proline, from a cDNA library prepared from a dehydrated rosette plant of Arabidopsis thaliana . Southern blot analysis suggested that only one copy of the corresponding gene ( AtP5CS ) is present in A. thaliana . The deduced amino acid sequence of the P5CS protein (AtP5CS) from A. thaliana exhibited 74% homology to that of the P5CS from Vigna aconitifolia . Northern blot analysis revealed that the gene for P5CS was induced by dehydration, high salt and treatment with ABA, while it was not induced by heat or cold treatment. Moreover, the simultaneous accumulation of proline was observed as a result of the former treatments in A. thaliana . A cDNA for P5C reductase (cAtP5CR) was also isolated from A. thaliana and Northern blot analysis was performed. The AtP5CR gene was not induced to a significant extent by dehydration or high-salt stress. These observations suggest that the AtP5CS gene plays a principal role in the biosynthesis of proline in A. thaliana under osmotic stress.     

甘蓝型油菜BnCOP1基因编码区全长cDNA的克隆与功能研究

通过分析拟南芥、豌豆、番茄和水稻的COP1 (constitutively photomorphogenic 1) 的cDNA序列, 运用RT-PCR和改进的基因组步行 (genome walking) 技术相结合的方法, 首次从甘蓝型油菜中克隆到油菜 BnCOP1编码区cDNA的全长序列, 其全长2 034 bp, 编码677个氨基酸. 同源 性分析表明, 其编码的氨基酸序列与拟南芥的同源性高达94%. 对BnCOP1编 码序列（cDNA）演绎出的氨基酸序列分析表明, 其编码的蛋白包含有N端的 环形锌指结合域(ring finger zinc binding domain, RING)、中间的卷曲 螺旋形结构域(coiled-coil domain, coiled-coil ), 7个C端的WD-40重复 序列(WD-40 repeats, WD-40)的功能域. 半定量RT-PCR和实时荧光定量PCR 分析该基因在油菜中的表达模式,结果显示, BnCOP1在甘蓝型油菜的各个组 织器官中均有表达,其中在花中的表达明显高于在根、叶、茎、果荚及子叶 和胚轴中,暗示该蛋白可能与开花途径相关. 过表达BnCOP1的转基因拟南芥 植株在高度、主茎的直径和叶片大小上都呈现出比野生型弱小的表型, 表 明BnCOP1抑制了拟南芥光形态建成从而影响了植物的生长发育.     

Characterization of sphingolipid long-chain base kinase in Arabidopsis thaliana

Sphingolipid long-chain base (LCB) kinase catalyses the phosphorylation of sphingolipid LCB to form LCB 1-phosphate. Based on sequence identity to a murine sphingosine kinase (murine SPHK1a), we isolated and characterized a LCB kinase-like cDNA in Arabidopsis thaliana. The deduced amino acid sequence of the homologous cDNA shows several regions that are highly conserved in LCB kinases from mouse, yeast, human and Caenorhabditis elegans. These regions are not similar to those of other known kinase families. For a functional identification, the homologous cDNA from A. thaliana was expressed in Escherichia coli, and LCB kinase activity was measured. The recombinant AtLcbk1 protein was found to utilize ATP and sphinganine. These results indicate the first identification of a gene coding for a LCB kinase in plants.     

Cloning of a cDNA encoding an ETR2-like protein (Os-ERL1) from deep water rice (Oryza sativa L.) and increase in its mRNA level by submergence, ethylene, and gibberellin treatments

A cDNA from deep water rice treated with ethylene, encoding an ethylene receptor homologous to Arabidopsis thaliana ETR2 and EIN4, was isolated using differential display and RACE techniques. The cDNA (2880 bp), corresponding to the Os-ERL1 gene (Oryza sativa ETHYLENE RESPONSE 2 like 1; GenBank accession number AB107219), contained an open reading frame of 2289 bp coding for 763 amino acids. The protein Os-ERL1 has 50% and 52% similarity to Arabidopsis ETR2 and EIN4, respectively. The Os-ERL1 gene was up-regulated by flooding, and by treatment with ethylene and gibberellin. These results suggest that deep water rice responds to flooding by increasing the number of its ethylene receptors.