代谢木糖和葡萄糖的重组酿酒酵母的构建

为使酿酒酵母（Saccharomyces cerevisiae）YS58代谢木糖产乙醇,采用PCR方法克隆得到树干毕赤酵母（Pichia stipitis）木糖醇脱氢酶基因xy12,并将该基因和克隆得到的休哈塔假丝酵母（Candida shehatae）缺终止子的木糖还原酶基因xyl1一起连接到酵母表达载体pYES2的强启动子GAL下,得到融合表达载体pYES2-P12。通过醋酸锂转化的方法将pY-ES2-P12转入S.cerevisiae YS58中,得到S.cerevisiae YS58-12。利用所构建的重组酿酒酵母进行术糖发酵实验,结果表明该重组酵母能发酵木糖,使木糖利用率得到进一步提高,最高达到81．3％,而且能代谢木糖产生乙醇。     

禽腺病毒江苏株（JS）复制非必需片段的确定

利用PCR方法从一株Ⅰ群禽腺病毒的分离物(FAVI-JS)中扩增出其基因组的两个末端L片段和r片段、ITR片段,并分别克隆进pGEM-T easy载体,然后将L片段、r片段和ITR片段同时克隆进pHC粘粒载体中,获得质粒pHC-FAVI-r-ITR-L,再在该克隆片段中插入增强型绿色荧光蛋白(eGFP)基因,获得转移质粒载体pFAVI-eGFP.将pFAVI-eGFP转染已被该野生型Ⅰ群禽腺病毒分离物感染了的鸡胚肾细胞进行同源重组,通过无限稀释法筛选重组病毒,结果获得了表达增强型绿色荧光蛋白的重组Ⅰ群禽腺病毒rFAVI-eGFP,证明位于基因组右末端r片段和ITR片段之间的位点为病毒复制非必需区,为禽腺病毒的重组基因工程疫苗的研究奠定了基础.     

离子束重组酵母菌Ar_Han0458的RAPD与SSH的初步研究

通过低能氩离子注入介导蓝麻黄基因组DNA转化异常汉逊酵母菌,获得了遗传稳定的产麻黄碱的重组酵母菌株Ar_Han0458。RAPD分子检测结果表明重组菌株和出发菌株基因组之间存在多态性变化,从重组菌株DNA中分离得到一个439 bp的差异条带。经PCR验证,其5'端150 bp片段来源于麻黄基因组。通过SSH实验,从重组菌株DNA中分离获得9条差异基因表达片段,BLAST同源比对分析,其中5条差异表达基因片段功能分别为:乙醇脱氢酶、二氢鞘氨醇羟化酶、分子伴侣蛋白、亚精铵转运蛋白和NAD依赖的差向异构酶/脱水酶,另外4条差异表达基因在数据库中无同源序列。     

休哈塔假丝酵母（Candida shehatae）木糖醇脱氢酶基因（xyl2）克隆与序列分析

根据木糖醇脱氢酶基因序列相似的特点,根据树干毕赤酵母（Pichia．sfipitis）,热带假丝酵母（Candidatropicalis）设计1对简并引物获得C．shehatae HDYXHT－01木糖醇脱氢酶基因的序列,此片段长为1095bp。利用生物信息学软件对此序列进行了同源性分析、氨基酸组成分析、疏水性分析、磷酸化位点预测、CDS分析、二级结构预测。结果表明,该克隆片段为C．shehataeHDYXHT－01木糖醇脱氢酶基因的序列。     

用PCR产物直接的基因转化获得酿酒酵母乙醇脱氢酶Ⅱ基因突变的单倍体

在酿酒酵母中乙醇脱氢酶Ⅱ（adh2)是受葡萄糖抑制,而利用乙醇的酶,通过化学转化的方法,把一段对遗传霉素抗性的DNA片段,转入酵母细胞中,与adh2基因的ORF（open reading frames)进行同源重组,经过抗性筛选,得到一株adh2基因突变的杂和双倍体菌株,由突变的杂和双倍体菌株,经过形成孢子,剖分,筛选,验证,获得了一株adh2基因被删除的突变单倍体菌株。     

盐生植物碱蓬Actin基因片段的克隆及序列分析

目的:克隆盐生植物碱蓬(Suaeda glauca)Actin基因片段,为研究其它基因在碱蓬的表达和调控提供内参基因.方法:根据已知植物Acfin基因的保守序列设计一对简并性引物,采用RT-PCR的方法扩增Actin基因片段,使用分子生物学软件进行序列分析.结果:获得一段大小为598bp的基因片段,编码198个氨基酸;该序列与其它Actin基因核苷酸序列的同源性均在80%以上,与氨基酸序列的同源性达93%以上.结论:克隆的基因为Actin基因片段,将其命名为SgACT,并登录在GenBank,登录号为EU429457.     

MXR1基因对毕赤酵母工程茵代谢调控的影响

为了研究毕赤酵母中转录因子Mxrlp在毕赤酵母代谢调控中所起的作用,构建一株以南极假丝酵母脂肪酶B基因(CALB)作为报告基因,MXR1基因完全缺失的毕赤酵母基因工程菌株.将重组质粒pPIC9K-CALB转化毕赤酵母GS115,利用三丁酸甘油酯平板筛选得到分泌表达CALB的重组茵GS115/pPIC9K-CALB.通过重叠延伸PCR方法获得一段中间含有博来霉素抗性基因sh ble,两翼大约各有1 200 bp与毕赤酵母MXR1基因上下游同源的基因片段,将此片段用氯化锂法转化毕赤酵母细胞GS1 15/pPIC9 K-CALB后,利用博来霉素抗性及CALB酶活力丧失双重筛选的方法得到一株MXR1基因完全缺失的毕赤酵母基因工程菌株.该菌株在以甲醇为唯一碳源的培养基中不生长,在以乙醇、葡萄糖或者甘油为唯一碳源的培养基中生长缓慢.结果表明转录Mxrlp因子在毕赤酵母中的多条代谢途径中起着关键性的作用,主要涉及甲醇、乙醇、甘油和葡萄糖等代谢途径.     

黑曲霉木聚糖酶在工业酒精酵母中的分泌表达

用重叠延伸PCR方法从黑曲霉 (Aspergillusniger)UV 11的基因组DNA中克隆出木聚糖酶的cDNA基因 ,构建了由酵母乙醇脱氢酶 (ADH1)启动子和终止子引导表达、木聚糖酶自身信号肽引导分泌、rDNA序列介导的酵母整合型分泌表达质粒pAX2。用pAX2与酵母YEp型G4 18抗性质粒共转化野生型工业酒精酵母S .cerevisiae 2 346 ,获得了整合型分泌表达木聚糖酶的酵母重组菌株XY2。发酵分析表明该工程菌能够明显提高酒精生产率     

一个新的白血病相关基因LRP16全长cDNA的克隆、序列分析及表达特征

 克隆一个与白血病复发相关基因 (LRP1 6)的全长 c DNA序列 ,对其进行染色体定位、组织表达谱分析 ,并对该基因编码蛋白质进行原核表达 .首先用获得的一段 3kb DNA片段在 NCBI提供的 h ESTs数据库中进行电子杂交并对重叠克隆片段组装 ,再设计引物进行 c DNA末端快速扩增(RACE技术 ) .采用 Northern印迹方法进行组织表达分析 .以高通量基因组序列 (HTGS)数据库为基础进行染色体定位 .对构建的克隆菌用 IPTG诱导重组蛋白表达后进行 SDS- PAGE,同时对重组体测序确证 .钓取了该基因全长 c DNA、推导所编码的氨基酸序列 ,并将该基因定位于染色体1 1 q1 2 .2 .原核表达筛选获得了该基因重组子的一个缺失体 .对 LRP1 6基因全长 c DNA的序列分析提示 ,该基因可能编码两种 N端不同的蛋白质 ,且该基因的转录本可能存在一种丰度较低的剪接体 .     

瑞氏木霉木糖醇脱氢酶基因的分离与鉴定

将在木聚糖上生长的瑞氏木霉(Trichoderma reesei)RutC-30的cDNA文库全部质粒转化已携带有毕赤氏酵(Pithia stipitis)木糖还原酶基因的重组酿酒酵母(Saccharomycescerevisiae)菌株H475,在H475中构建了瑞氏木霉的cDNA表达亚文库。在以木糖为唯一碳源的选择性酵母合成培养基上,从该亚文库中筛选到瑞氏木霉木糖醇脱氢酶cDNA基因．该基因片段长为1．3kb。Southern、Norhern印迹杂交分析和蛋白质凝胶电泳结果表明该基因确实来源于瑞氏木霉,所编码蛋白质分子量约为40kDa。携带有毕赤氏酵母木糖还原酶和瑞氏木霉木糖醇脱氢酶基因的重组酵母能够在以木糖为唯一碳源的培养基上生长,并能将90％以上的木糖转化为木糖醇、乙醇和其它副产品。     

Acquisition of a potential marker for insect transformation: isolation of a novel alcohol dehydrogenase gene from Bactrocera oleae by functional complementation in yeast

The alcohol dehydrogenase genes make up one of the best studied gene families in Drosophila, both in terms of expression and evolution. Moreover, alcohol dehydrogenase genes constitute potential versatile markers in insect transformation experiments. However, due to their rapid evolution, these genes cannot be cloned from other insect genera by DNA hybridization or PCR-based strategies. We have therefore explored an alternative strategy: cloning by functional complementation of appropriate yeast mutants. Here we report that two alcohol dehydrogenase genes from the medfly Ceratitis capitata can functionally replace the yeast enzymes, even though the medfly and yeast genes have evolved independently, acquiring their enzymatic function convergently. Using this method, we have cloned an alcohol dehydrogenase gene from the olive pest Bactrocera oleae. We conclude that functional complementation in yeast can be used to clone alcohol dehydrogenase genes that are unrelated in sequence to those of yeast, thus providing a powerful tool for isolation of dominant insect transformation marker genes. Received: 29 June 1999 / Accepted: 27 October 1999     

Acquisition of a potential marker for insect transformation: isolation of a novel alcohol dehydrogenase gene from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bactrocera oleae</Emphasis> by functional complementation in yeast

The alcohol dehydrogenase genes make up one of the best studied gene families in Drosophila, both in terms of expression and evolution. Moreover, alcohol dehydrogenase genes constitute potential versatile markers in insect transformation experiments. However, due to their rapid evolution, these genes cannot be cloned from other insect genera by DNA hybridization or PCR-based strategies. We have therefore explored an alternative strategy: cloning by functional complementation of appropriate yeast mutants. Here we report that two alcohol dehydrogenase genes from the medfly Ceratitis capitata can functionally replace the yeast enzymes, even though the medfly and yeast genes have evolved independently, acquiring their enzymatic function convergently. Using this method, we have cloned an alcohol dehydrogenase gene from the olive pest Bactrocera oleae. We conclude that functional complementation in yeast can be used to clone alcohol dehydrogenase genes that are unrelated in sequence to those of yeast, thus providing a powerful tool for isolation of dominant insect transformation marker genes.     

The primary structure of the alcohol dehydrogenase gene from the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe

We have cloned and sequenced the alcohol dehydrogenase gene of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. The gene was isolated by transformation and complementation of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain which lacked functional alcohol dehydrogenase with an S. pombe gene bank constructed in the autonomously replicating yeast plasmid YEp13. Southern hybridization analysis indicates that S. pombe contains only one alcohol dehydrogenase gene. The structural region of the gene is 50% homologous to the alcohol dehydrogenase encoding genes of the budding yeast S. cerevisiae. The gene exhibits a very strong codon usage bias; with the set of predominantly used codons generally resembling that which S. cerevisiae employs preferentially. All of the differences in codon usage bias between S. pombe and S. cerevisiae are in the direction of greater G + C content in S. pombe codons. It is argued that this observation supports the hypothesis that selection toward uniform codon-anticodon binding energies contributes to codon usage bias and that the optimum binding energy is, on the average, higher in S. pombe than S. cerevisiae.     

Overexpression, purification and properties of alcohol dehydrogenase IV from Saccharomyces cerevisiae

We have purified ADHIV, a novel alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) isozyme in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, after increasing the normally low amount of ADHIV protein in laboratory strains. This was done by overexpression of the structural gene (ADH4) on a 2micro-based multicopy vector. Characterization of the purified enzyme revealed a dimeric structure as well as a different substrate specificity and pH profile as compared to other alcohol dehydrogenase isozymes. On the other hand, we could demonstrate that ADHIV is activated by zinc ions, like the other yeast alcohol dehydrogenase isozymes, and not by ferrous ions, like a structurally similar alcohol dehydrogenase from the bacterium Zymomonas mobilis.     

Alcohol dehydrogenase isozymes of Triticum: Dissociation and recombination of subunits

Summary Conditions have been defined for the dissociation of active forms of Triticum alcohol dehydrogenase (alcohol: NAD oxidoreductase, E.C. 1.1.1.1) into monomers and for the reassociation of the subunits into active enzymes. Results of experiments in which the subunits of genetically controlled electrophoretic variants of alcohol dehydrogenase were dissociated and recombined in crude tissue extracts support the hypothesis that the enzyme exists functionally as a dimer in Triticum.     

The recycling of NAD+ (free and immobilized) within semipermeable aqueous microcapsules containing a multi-enzyme system.

Semipermeable aqueous collodion microcapsules were prepared containing both yeast alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.1) and malic dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.37). These microcapsules exhibited both enzymic activities in good amount in the ratio 3:1 with respect to malic dehydrogenase:alcohol dehydrogenase.Both NAD⁺ and NADH were successfully cycled within the microcapsules by employing the included enzyme activities acting sequentially. A soluble, immobilized NAD⁺ derivative was also recycled within the semipermeable microcapsules.     

A two-step synthesis of new water-soluble polymers of NAD+ and ADP. The biological properties of these polymers

Alkylation at the N-1 position of the adenine moiety of NAD+, ADP or ATP with 2,3-epoxypropyl acrylate, followed by polymerization with or without acrylamide at pH 8, gave water-soluble polymers of NAD+ and ADP where the alkyl chain was located at the exocyclic adenine C-6 amino group. Cofactor incorporations were good to high: 145-447 mumol NAD+/g polymer and 667 mumol ADP/g polymer. About 30% of the bound NAD+ could be reduced with rabbit muscle lactae dehydrogenase, yeast alcohol dehydrogenase and Bacillus subtilis alanine dehydrogenase; 84% of the bound ADP was phosphorylated with rabbit muscle creatine kinase. High cofactor activities were obtained with polymerized NAD+ with alcohol dehydrogenase as enzyme: the initial rate of NAD+ polymer reduction was 35-81% that of free NAD+. These values remained substantially high with agarose-immobilized alcohol dehydrogenase (15-36%) and should eventually allow their use in continuous enzymatic reactors. Enzymatic phosphorylation of ADP polymer by creatine kinase gave an ATP polymer with high biological activity: 480 mumol ATP/g polymer were transformed with yeast hexokinase.