武夷山黄山松群落能量的研究

在生物量,生产力研究的基础上,通过干重热值测定,对黄山松（Ｐｉｎｕｓｔａｉｗａｎｅｎｓｉｓ）群落的能量现存量,能量净固定量及太阳能转化效率进行分析讨论,测定结果表明,（１）黄山松群各组分样品的干重热值具有一定的差异,树皮的干重热值最高,为２２．１４ｋＪ／ｇ,枯根的干重热最低,为１６．２７ｋＪ／ｇ。（２）黄山松群落的能量现存量为３７９８３２．３ｋＪ／ｍ＾２,其中地上部分为２７５４８８．０ｋＪ／ｍ＾２     

福建武夷山甜槠群落能量的研究

在生物量、生产力研究基础上,对武夷山甜槠（Ｃａｓｔａｎｏｐｓｉｓ ｅｙｒｅｉ（Ｃｈａｍ ｐ．ｅｘ Ｂｅｎｔｈ．） Ｔｕｔｃｈ．）群落各组分的热值、群落能量现存量、能量年净固定量以及太阳能转化效率进行了研究。结果表明：（１）甜槠群落各组分样品的干重热值具有一定的差异,树皮热值最高,细根热值最低。（２）甜槠群落的能量现存量达７８０５８４．１ ｋＪ·ｍ － ２,其中地上部分为６７８９１３．８ ｋＪ·ｍ － ２,占总量的８６．９８％ ;地下部分为１０１６７０．３ ｋＪ·ｍ － ２,占１３．０２％ 。（３）甜槠群落的能量年净固定量（１９９２年）为２６８５６．２ ｋＪ·ｍ － ２·ａ－ １,林地太阳光合有效辐射能的转化效率为１．２９６％ 。     

亚热带山地突脉青冈群落能量的研究

对突脉青冈（Ｃｙｃｌｏｂａｌａｎｏｐｓｉｓｅｌｅｖａｔｉｃｏｓｔａｔａ）群落植物体各组分的热值、群落能量现存量、能量年净固定量和太阳能转化效率的研究结果表明：该群落植物体各组分样品的干重热值具有一定差异,树皮热值最高,细根热值最低。突脉青同群落的能量现存量８５２０５８ｋＪｍ－２,其中地上部分７４１４１６ｋＪｍ－２,占总量的８７．０１％;地下部分１１０６４２ｋＪｍ－２,占１２．９９％。突脉青冈１９９６年群落能量净固定量为２８２７３ｋＪｍ－２,林地太阳光有效辐射能转化效率１．３５％。     

秋茄红树植物落叶分解的碎屑能量研究

测定了红树植物秋茄（Ｋａｎｄｅｌｉａ ｃａｎｄｅｌ （Ｌ．） Ｄｒｕｃｅ）落叶在不同季节分解过程中碎屑的热值和富能有机化合物的变化。结果表明,季节间落叶的热值差别不大,平均为１９．６３ ｋＪ／ｇ干重或２１．５５ ｋＪ／ｇ 去灰分干重。各季节的落叶在其分解后的碎屑的热值均明显提高,且夏秋季快于冬春季,但它们与分解程度有相应的相关关系：分解初期上升,后期稍降,最大值出现在半分解期（失重５０％ ）附近。碎屑的最大热值平均比落叶的热值提高１７．６７％ （干重热值）或１４．３５％ （失灰分干重热值）。分解中总能量的耗散稍慢于干物质的损失。随分解的进行,碎屑中粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维的能量增大,而无氮浸出物的能量减少。     

马边大风顶自然保护区大熊猫能量摄入和食物资源能量估算

本文对凉山山系马边大风顶自然保护区大熊猫日能量摄入和食物资源能量进行了估算。结果表明,不同季节大熊猫的日能量摄入各异,春季为１５３７８ｋＪ,夏秋季为２７８５６．２ｋＪ,冬季为２０５２０２．６ｋＪ约高于日能量支出１４６５１－１６７４４ｋＪ,营养保险差较小,对环境的承受力较弱。另外,环境中每平方米大叶筇竹林能被大熊猫实际利用的能量约为１２３．５ｋＪ,约０．０６ｋｍ＾２大叶筇竹林能满足１只成年大熊猫全年     

用"倍率法"解析食物链中的生物量

1)在 1条食物链中求解各营养级之间的生物量 ,只须按能量流动效率进行相应的“放大”(按营养级递减计算 )或“缩小”(按营养级递增计算 )即可。如在“硅藻→小甲壳动物→小鱼→大鱼”食物链中 ,若大鱼增重 1g,至少需小甲壳动物多少克 ?由题意能量流动效率应取2 0 % ,即按“5倍率”进行“放大”计算 ,其结果应为 1× 5 2= 2 5 g;相反地 ,若消耗了 10 0 0 g硅藻 ,大鱼至少增重多少克 ?此时能量流动效率应取 10 % ,即按“10倍率”进行“缩小”计算 ,其结果应为 10 0 0 / 10 3=1g。2 )在由多条食物链组成的食物网中 ,求解营养级之间的生物量时 ,…     

用双标记水示踪法测定人体自由活动时的能量消耗率

本文报道用１８Ｏ和２Ｈ双标记水测定人自由活动时能量消耗率的示踪方法及正常成人的初步测定结果。根据质谱测量精度将ＨＯ和２Ｈ２Ｏ测量定为１．０ｇ／ｋｇ（丰度１４．４５％）和０．０６ｇ／ｋｇ（丰度９９．９％）,一次口服后在１４ｄ内间歇性收集尿样５次,然后从１８Ｏ和２Ｈ时相曲线斜率的差别,并加入同位素分馏校正因子,算出整体ＣＯ２产生率,再根据食物组成估计呼吸商,求出能量消耗率。测得１０例正常实验室工作人员的结果是：男性和女性平均为２０８．８±１４．２和１９２．０±２３,ｋＪ·ｋｇ－１·ｄ－１。３例住院康复人员平均为１５４．０ｋＪ·ｋｇ－１·ｄ－１。     

扁担塘螺类生产力的研究Ⅰ.铜锈环棱螺的周年生产量

１９９６—１９９７年对扁担塘螺类优势种之一铜锈环棱螺进行了周年研究,结果表明其种群含四个年龄组,其中１９９６年组生长最快,其带壳湿重瞬时生长率为４．１５,去壳干重瞬时生长率为３．４０。采用瞬时生长率法测算其周年生产量为：带壳湿重,１５．７７ｇ·ｍ－２·ａ－１;去壳干重,０．８６２４ｇ·ｍ－２·ａ－１。Ｐ／Ｂ系数基本一致,分别为０．５０,０．５１。铜锈环棱螺的生产量的去壳干重（Ｗｄ,ｇ·ｍ－２·ａ－１）和带壳湿重（Ｗｗ,ｇ·ｍ－２·ａ－１）满足下列关系：Ｗｗ＝１７．２０Ｗｄ。     

红树植物秋茄落叶分解碎屑的有效能研究

测定了福建红树植物秋茄各季节落叶分解碎屑中水解有效能（ＨＡＣ）、无丹宁水解有效能（ＴＦＨＡＣ）和化学有效能（ＣＡＣ）的绝对含量和相对含量。测定结果表明：落叶中有效能的绝对含量和它占总能量的百分含量的季均值是：ＨＡＣ４．０６ｋＪ／ｇＤＷ,２０．８５％;ＴＦＨＡＣ３．３２ｋＪ／ｇＤＷ,１６．６８％。在半分解（失重率为５０％）的碎屑中它们降为ＨＡＣ１．７５ｋＪ／ｇＤＷ,９．２５％ ;ＴＦＨＡＣ１．６４ｋ     

生态系统中的菌流

本文对生态系统中的能量液、物质流和信息流作了扼要的评述,提出了“菌流”新概念。菌流是指正常微生物群组分通过食物链或其它媒介在生态系统中不同营养级生物体内或体表持续稳定的流过程。生态系统中的菌流具备以下特征：１．流转的基本单位为活体群,其数量在特定的营养级都存在动态变化阈值;２．流转的基本单位对各营养级生物体存在正向压力;３．流转的途径为食物链或其它媒介,并且食物链对菌群有衰减与放大作用。菌流不仅是     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various