混料设计优化红平菇菌丝生长的“以草代木”配方

【背景】"以草代木"不仅能解决食用菌栽培的原料来源问题,还能有效缓解菌林矛盾。【目的】利用不同的农业剩余物优化出可替代木屑做主料进行红平菇菌丝培养的"以草代木"配方。【方法】采用混料配比的设计方法,利用小麦秸秆、玉米秸秆、大豆秸秆、花生秸秆、油菜秸秆、水稻秸秆、玉米芯共7种农业剩余物做主料培养红平菇,对其菌丝在基料生长过程中纤维素酶、多酚氧化酶和漆酶的酶活进行测定,分析并优化出适合红平菇生长的"以草代木"配方。【结果】大豆秸秆最适合红平菇菌丝的生长,小麦秸秆次之;油菜秸秆基质中红平菇多酚氧化酶活性最高。配方优化得出一个适合红平菇菌丝生长的"以草代木"配方:小麦秸秆55.3%、大豆秸秆19.7%、麦麸15.0%、玉米面5.0%、豆粕3.0%、石灰1.0%、石膏1.0%。【结论】优化出一个适合红平菇菌丝生长的基质配比,为红平菇进行"以草代木"设施化栽培提供理论依据。     

不同配方工厂化栽培金针菇研究

以蔗渣配方工厂化栽培金针菇为对照,比较不同配方对菌丝长势、生长周期、袋单产及产品质量的影响。结果表明:菌草(本试验用五节芒,在配方中分别占15.0%、22.5%、45.0%,即用五节芒分别代替30%、50%、100%的蔗渣)配方在菌丝长势、生长周期、袋单产及产品质量上与对照差异不显著;木屑配方菌丝长势比对照差,生长周期比对照长5～11d,每袋产量比对照低20～72g,A级品比对照少4%～13%,与对照差异显著;表明用菌草替代蔗渣工厂化栽培金针菇是可行的。利用菌草工厂化栽培金针茹每袋可节约成本0.1元,可获得良好的经济效益。     

花生壳培养基对杏鲍菇菌丝生长的影响

以农业废料花生壳为主要原料设计不同配方,筛选适宜杏鲍菇菌丝生长的培养基及培养料.结果表明,母种培养基以m(花生壳):m(马铃薯)=3:1的配方生长最快,平均生长速度为4.53 mm/d,长势最旺盛;原种及栽培种培养料按m(棉籽壳):m(花生壳)=1:1的配方菌丝生长最快而健壮,生长速度可达5.43 mm/d.因此,在花...     

香菇木屑菌渣营养成分分析及在平菇菌种生产中的应用

对香菇菌渣和主要栽培料木屑的营养成分进行了测定,结果表明,菌渣的营养成分发生了明显的变化,粗纤维由原来的54.67%降到21.77%～27.63%,粗蛋白由原来的1.74%上升到6.8%～8.75%,还原糖、总糖的含量有所下降,灰分、磷和粗脂肪的含量有所上升;将菌糠以10%,15%,20%,25%,30%的比例添加到棉子壳中用于平菇栽培种生产,随着菌糠添加比例的增加,平菇菌丝的生长速度也有所增加,菌糠添加量为25%～30%时,菌丝生长最快,为0 85cm/d,高于不添加菌糠的对照组(0.79cm/d),且菌丝长势良好,5个实验组的出菇量均高于对照组,说明香菇菌糠用于生产平菇菌种是可行的,同时对香菇菌渣的再利用问题进行了讨论.     

混料设计优化黑木耳菌丝生长的农业剩余物配方

【背景】菌林矛盾日益突出,农业剩余物资源丰富,可作为食用菌栽培主要基质。【目的】筛选出适合黑木耳菌丝生长的农业剩余物配方。【方法】以大豆秸秆、油菜秸秆、玉米秸秆、花生秸秆、小麦秸秆和杂木屑等6种基质为原料,运用单纯形格子法进行配方设计,分析不同基质交互作用对黑木耳菌丝生长速率、菌丝生长指数、漆酶酶活、多酚氧化酶酶活和纤维素酶酶活的影响。【结果】在这些农业剩余物基质中,大豆秸秆基质最适合黑木耳菌丝生长,其次是油菜秸秆。3种主料共同作用可以优化出最适合黑木耳菌丝生长的基质配比。【结论】最终优化出一个适合黑木耳菌丝生长的农业剩余物配方：杂木屑49.4%、油菜秸秆16.4%、大豆秸秆12.2%、麦麸20%、蔗糖1%、CaSO₄ 1%。本研究为“以草代木”栽培黑木耳提供了理论基础。     

新疆塔城地区羊肚菌人工栽培技术研究

根据羊肚菌(Morchella esculenta(L.)Pers)生物学特性,结合新疆塔城地区的土壤环境和气候特点,设计了不同栽培配方,利用日光温室控温法进行羊肚菌人工栽培,22℃条件下培养,对各处理组的菌丝状态、平均长速、长满菌袋时间、菌核产生时间等指标进行观测,确定不同配方对羊肚菌菌丝生长的影响;通过各处理组栽培出菇,对羊肚菌现蕾时间、第一潮菇产量、第二潮菇产量、总产量、优质菇率等指标进行检测,确定不同配方对羊肚菌产量、质量的影响。结果表明,处理组配方(3)(木屑15%,草粉30%,树叶20%,麦粒16%,麸皮12%,棉籽壳5%,石灰1%,石膏1%)无论菌丝生长状态还是产量都明显优于其他配方。分析发现,以草粉和树叶为主料替代木屑的配方更有利于羊肚菌菌丝生长和出菇。相比于木腐菌而言,羊肚菌木质素分解能力较弱,木屑不是羊肚菌栽培的最佳基质。羊肚菌不属于木腐菌,应属于草腐菌,此结论与野生羊肚菌生境相一致。     

河岸美人蕉和香根草的生长繁育及其腐烂规律

以河岸带中的美人蕉、香根草为对象,研究了河岸带生态恢复过程中植物的生长及其作用。结果表明:美人蕉和香根草二者对水深的耐受性均不强,不适合在深水中生长与繁殖;与美人蕉相比,香根草对水深的耐受性更强;美人蕉不适合在水深>20cm的水域生长;美人蕉地上的生物量比地下高27.5%,香根草地上的生物量比地下高79%;通过收割美人蕉分别带走美人蕉所固定的全部氮、磷的59%和55%,收割香根草带走香根草所固定的全部氮和磷的57%;经过130d的浸泡,美人蕉、香根草质量损失率分别为31.89%和19.8%,全氮、全磷的损失美人蕉分别为49.43%和77.30%,香根草分别为47.54%和86.06%;植物浸泡释放有机物、氮和磷,但水中COD、NH4 -N和TP浓度并不持续增加。     

香根草和百喜草对铅锌尾矿重金属的抗性与吸收差异研究

铅锌尾矿是一类重金属含量极高,对植物生长产生毒害的生境.盆栽实验的结果显示,香根草和百喜草在纯尾矿或由尾矿和垃圾组成的混合基质上都能生长,但植物的长势随基质中重金属含量的增加而减弱,其中香根草的生物量所受的影响比百喜草的更大,即百喜草有比香根草更强的重金属抗性.2种植物体内的重金属含量高低均为Zn＞Pb＞Cu,但二者对它们的富集能力大小分别是,香根草为Zn＞Cu＞Pb,百喜草则为Cu＞Zn＞Pb.香根草和百喜草的根系对3种重金属都有较强的滞留效应,滞留率均在50%以上;其中香根草对重金属的滞留率又明显高于百喜草;而且,同一植物对不同的重金属的滞留率也明显不同,香根草对Pb的滞留率最高,而百喜草对Cu的滞留率显著高过对Zn和Pb.由于香根草的生物量明显大于百喜草,结果香根草对Pb、Zn的吸收量比百喜草高.当用25%的垃圾改良金属尾矿时,百喜草对重金属的吸收量即达最大;而香根草则在尾矿和垃圾各占50%的基质中吸收最多的重金属;因此,添加一定量的垃圾(25%～50%左右)用于尾矿改良时,不仅能使尾矿得到更快的植被恢复与更高的植物修复效果,而且能使垃圾资源得到充分合理的利用.总之,当开展对金属尾矿的植被恢复时,可选择种植抗性强、覆盖快的百喜草,但如果要对尾矿中的重金属进行生物净化,则应选择种植生物量大的香根草,种植香根草还可较好地防止重金属的二次污染或生物富集.     

香根草定植前几种催根法的比较研究

为了解催根对香根草成活率及生长的影响,采用浸根、浆根、水培、沙植和稻壳培植五种催根方法,分别给予除氯自来水和25 mg/L IAA两种条件,在定植前对香根草进行处理,与对照组进行对比试验.结果表明:各种催根方法都能有效提高成活率和草苗的日均生长高度;IAA的效果最佳;IAA能促进新根的产生、生长,以浆根 IAA最明显;从定植后草苗的长势看,IAA的效果更明显,以浆根 IAA最好.综上所述,定植前对草苗进行催根处理是必要的,以25 mg/LIAA浆根效果最好,而且简便易行.     

三种入侵植物浸提液对桃软腐病菌菌丝生长的抑制作用

用生长速率法测定三种入侵植物浸提液对桃软腐病菌菌丝生长的影响,结果显示:紫茉莉、小蓬草、香丝草浸提液对桃软腐病菌丝生长均具有抑制作用,抑制率随浸提液浓度的增加而增大,随培养时间的延长而降低。相同浓度下,小蓬草对菌丝生长的抑制作用最强,200 g.L-1的小蓬草浸提液培养72 h对菌丝的抑制率仍达58.95%。丙酮对菌丝生长无显著影响。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒研究进展

传染性法氏囊病(Infection bursal disease, IBD)是由鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus, IBDV)引起的鸡和火鸡的一种高度接触性传染病,给世界各国的禽养殖业带来了巨大损失.自IBDV发现至今新的变异株不断出现,分子结构的改变导致病毒致病力的改变及宿主对疫苗应答的改变,使得传统的疫苗已不能控制其流行,因此各国学者对其基因组结构和功能进行了广泛深入的研究,并积极研制新型有效的疫苗以达到防治的目的.     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).