微生物胶原酶

某些微生物可以分泌微生物胶原酶。微生物胶原酶具有和脊椎动物胶原酶相似的生物学作用 ,可以降解细胞外基质的主要成分—胶原 ,其活性依赖于Ca2 + 等二价金属阳离子。但微生物胶原酶又具有许多不同于脊椎动物胶原酶的生物学特性。它不仅可以降解天然不溶性胶原纤维 ,也可以降解变性的可溶性胶原蛋白、人工合成的胶原酶底物以及其它细胞外基质糖蛋白。越来越多的研究表明 ,微生物胶原酶在一些微生物致病过程中起重要作用 ,是某些微生物的重要毒力因子。而且微生物胶原酶也被越来越广泛地应用于生命科学基础研究和临床某些疾病治疗 ,具有极为广阔的应用前景。     

FT-IR光谱在电离辐射作用于微生物研究中的应用

傅里叶变换红外光谱(Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,FT-IR)是一种很有用的生物分析检测技术,通过FT-IR光谱技术可以得到有关蛋白质、脂类、核酸和多糖等微生物和细胞各类组成成分的信息。基于同步辐射光源的显微FT-IR光谱具有更高的空间分辨率和更快的测量速度,因而在生物学研究中具有进行快速、实时、动态和无损检测等优势。本文介绍了FT-IR光谱技术在微生物及电离辐射作用于微生物引起的生物学效应研究中的应用,并对该领域未来研究的发展趋势进行了展望。     

合成生物学方法构建电活性大肠杆菌

电活性微生物具有独特的在细胞内外环境之间传递电子的能力。在对天然电活性微生物电子传递机制充分研究的基础上,通过合成生物学方法异源构建天然电活性微生物电子传递结构基础也可以将遗传背景清晰的非电活性大肠杆菌改造为电活性微生物。构建获得的工程化电活性大肠杆菌可以直接应用于微生物燃料电池和生物传感器等领域,同时也可以作为底盘细胞整合相应的目标产物合成通路实现电能驱动的生物合成。本文以合成生物学方法构建电活性大肠杆菌为主题,详细阐述天然电活性微生物电子传递的机理及结构基础,总结了工程化电活性大肠杆菌的构建策略、成功案例以及应用领域,并对合成生物学方法构建电活性大肠杆菌未来的研究方向进行了展望。     

生物合成芳香族氨基酸及其衍生物的研究进展

现代生物化工主要以廉价可再生资源为底物生产高附加值的精细化学品、大宗化学品、药品及营养品。合成生物学研究是生物化工领域的重要发展方向和支撑体系之一,是在功能基因组学、计算生物学和系统生物学等基础上,将工程化理念应用在生物学中,定向创造新型生物产品和生物过程整体优化的新的研究方向。合成生物学发展十几年以来,创造出了很多强有力的工具被应用于微生物、植物及动物的研究。以微生物生产芳香族氨基酸及其衍生物为主要内容,系统的综述合成生物学在以微生物生产高附加值产物方面的研究进展。     

黄土高原典型植物根际对土壤微生物生物量碳、氮、磷和基础呼吸的影响

选择黄土高原7种典型植物的根际与非根际土壤为研究对象,对土壤的养分含量、微生物生物量碳、氮、磷和基础呼吸的影响进行了初步研究。结果表明,7种不同植物根际土壤与非根际土壤的养分含量、微生物生物量和基础呼吸均存在显著差异;除冷蒿的土壤微生物生物量磷以外,其他各种植物的根际土壤的养分含量、微生物生物量和基础呼吸均比非根际土壤的高;土壤有机碳、全氮与土壤微生物生物量碳、氮及基础呼吸之间均具有极显著或显著相关关系,表明了土壤微生物生物量碳、氮可以作为判断土壤肥力状况的生物学指标,同时也可为提高土壤肥力水平和土壤培肥效果提供依据。     

组学技术在重离子辐射微生物诱变育种中的应用

重离子辐射诱变具有诱变率高、诱变谱宽、突变体易稳定等优势,在微生物育种实践中已得到广泛应用。随着测序技术的发展,对重离子辐射诱变效应的研究可以实现较为全面地了解突变体在基因组、转录组、蛋白质组和代谢组等多个层面的生物学信息。本文综述了利用重离子辐射诱变技术进行微生物育种的研究进展,以及联合高通量测序技术探究重离子诱变产生的生物学效应机理。在此基础上,进一步探讨利用组学方法研究重离子诱变微生物的新思路,旨为重离子诱变微生物育种技术提供参考和建议。     

丝状真菌分子遗传学研究进展

丝状真菌作为低等真核生物,有典型的真核生物的细胞结构和遗传织组;作为微生物,又具有微生物在操作上的快速、简便,因此一向是生物学基础研究的重要材料。丝状真菌又是重要的工业生产用菌株和多种农作物的致病菌,这就更刺激了生物学家对研究丝状真菌的兴趣。     

微生物降解持久性有机污染物的研究进展与展望

持久性有机污染物（POPs）是伴随着人类工业化发展而产生的合成类污染物,具有高毒性、持久性、长迁移性和高生物富集性等特点,POPs污染物的微生物降解一直是环境科学与技术应用领域的研究热点。微生物降解技术修复POPs污染环境具有无二次污染、成本低、快速简便等优点,拥有广泛的应用前景。本文论述了各种POPs微生物分解代谢的最新研究进展,包括降解性微生物资源以及降解机制。此外,还讨论了计算生物学、合成生物学、基因组学等技术在POPs微生物降解中的潜力和应用,以期为环境中持久性有机污染物的修复提供参考。     

微生物细胞工厂生产大宗化学品及其产业化进展

通过微生物发酵的方法生产大宗化学品能够部分替代石油化工炼制,节能减排。合成生物学技术的发展极大地提高了构建微生物细胞工厂生产大宗化学品的能力。介绍了使用合成生物学技术构建微生物细胞工厂生产大宗化学品的研究和产业化进展,并展望了微生物细胞工厂未来的研究重点。     

现代生物技术在根际微生物群落研究中的应用

根际微生物的定义为植物的根表及受根系直接影响的土壤区域中的微生物群落.根际微生物与植物根系相互作用,是植物生态系统物质交换的主要媒介.根际微生物群落的研究对于微生物生态学与植物生态学均具有重要意义.近年来现代生物学技术发展迅速,对根际自然群落中不可培养微生物的研究取得了突破.综述了目前已取得的研究进展,对现代生物技术在根际微生物群落研究中的应用做了讨论.     

湖北地区已知蜱类及区系分析

湖北地区已知蜱类计有6属26种,其中属东洋界种类15种,占57．7％;属古北界种类8种,占300．8％;广布界种类3种,占11．5％。分析认为,湖北地区蜱类区系应划归东洋界。     

Coefficients of relationship by isonymy within and between the regions of Scotland

The distribution of surnames for births, marriages and deaths in 1976 among residents of the 12 Local Government Regions of Scotland was analyzed in terms of the coefficient of relationship by isonymy, Ri. Differences between sexes and events for Ri within Regions were consistent with greater inter-Region mobility among males compared with females and among young adults compared with the elderly. There were near zero correlations of geographical distance with Ri between Regions based on all surnames or common surnames. With Ri based on rare surnames, there was a small though statistically nonsignificant negative correlation. The best-fitting two dimensional relationship derived from Ri values based on rare surnames showed a fair correspondence with the map of Scotland, indicating a degree of genetic isolation between the Regions.     

Analysis of a control system for speech movements]

Analyzing the control quality in autonomic contour of articulation control system an account is made for the nonlinearities of the type of the zone ofunsensitivity, limitation and logarithmic response of the receptor. Regions of stablity and autooscillation frequency are determined. The role of recontrolling value is stated as a criterion of the control quality. It is suggested that the mechanisms of some stammering forms are concerned with the initiation of autooscillations in the articulation control system.     

New pair-spined species of Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae) from Somalia

Eighteen new species of Euphorbia subgenus Euphorbia are described and their relationships discussed. All are endemic to Somalia, with limited distributions in the northern Regions. One, E. phillipsioides , has been identified mistakenly for some time as E. phillipsiae , which is shown to be conspecific with E. golisana. E. xylacantha , considered by N. E. Brown to be synonymous with E. monacantha , is reinstated as a distinct but variable species.     

地区科学基金对地区农业科研人才培养和农业科技进步作用的分析

统计了1998~2011年的14年间,国家自然科学基金委员会农学基础和作物学学科对地区科学基金的资助情况,分析了国家自然科学基金地区科学基金项目对地区农业科研人才的培养以及在农业科技进步中发挥的作用。     

Scaffold/matrix attachment regions and intrinsic DNA curvature

Recent approaches have failed to detect nucleotide sequence motifs in Scaffold/Matrix Attachment Regions (S/MARs). The lack of any known motifs, together with the confirmation that some S/MARs are not associated to any peculiar sequence, indicates that some structural elements, such as DNA curvature, have a role in chromatin organization and on their efficiency in protein binding. Similar to DNA curvature, S/MARs are located close to promoters, replication origins, and multiple nuclear processes like recombination and breakpoint sites. The chromatin structure in these regulatory regions is important to chromosome organization for accurate regulation of nuclear processes. In this article we review the biological importance of the co-localization between bent DNA sites and S/MARs. Published in Russian in Biokhimiya, 2006, Vol. 71, No. 5, pp. 598–606.     

宁夏地区麦长管蚜远距离迁飞的研究

通过1992—1978年的调查试验, 初步明确了以下事实:本地越冬的麦长管蚜尚未羽化, 田间已出现有翘成蚜;小麦苗期发现了穗期才能产生的穗型蚜;在冰冻期的高山上多次捕到有翅麦蚜;有翅成蚜大范围的“同期突发”现象;外来麦蚜占春季田间有翅蚜的98.8%以上.首次提出, 在有本地蚜源的情况下, 存在外来蚜源, 且外来蚜源可以成为春季田间麦长管蚜群的主体.本文分析讨论了迁入蚜源的可能基地和须进一步研究的问题.     

Blood parasites of livestock in certain Regions in Saudi Arabia

Blood samples from camels, sheep, goats and cattle from six Regions in Saudi Arabia were examined for blood parasites. Asir Region camels were disinfected while those of the Eastern, Jazan, Northern Frontiers, Riyadh and Tabouk Regions were infected with Trypanosoma evansi (5–40%), those of Riyadh and the Eastern Regions were infected with Dipetalonema evansi (1–6%) and those of the Eastern, Jazan and Riyadh Regions were infected with Eperythrozoon species (8–20%). Sheep and goats of all tested regions were infected with Theilaria hirci (4–20% and 6–14%, respectively), Theilaria ovis (5–19% and 6–24%, respectively) and Eperthrozoon ovis (2–9% and 2–8%, respectively). Sheep of the Eastern and Northern Frontiers Regions were also infected with Anaplasma ovis (2%) and also those of the Eastern Region were infected with Babesia motasi (4%) as well. Cattle of Asir and Eastern Regions were infected with Anaplasma marginale (1–3.4%) and those of the Eastern, Jazan and Riyadh Regions were infected with Theileria annulata (11.3–25%) and Eperthrozoon wenyoni (1–4%). Moreover, Jazan cattle were infected with Babesia bigemina (6%) and a benign Theileria species (27%). Some of these parasites are recorded in new localities indicating that they are spreading in the country. Also, this is the first report in Saudi Arabia of D. evansi in camels, A. ovis and B. motasi in sheep and A. marginale and B. bigemina in cattle. These parasites may be introduced into the country with infected livestock infested with the vectors of these parasites. The suspected vectors of the detected parasites in Saudi Arabia is discussed. Follow up surveys of blood parasites are recommended to assess their distribution and infection rates in the livestock of all Regions of Saudi Arabia, to make plans for control measures against their vectors.     

Can there be fair funding for fundholding practices?

Most regional health authorities set budgets for fundholding practices according to the amount of care used by the practice population. This article explains why this funding method can only lead to an inequitable allocation of resources between fundholding and non-fundholding practices. Using the experience of North West Thames region, the efforts made to make funding fairer are discussed. The steps that health authorities could take to investigate and reduce the problem are also outlined. In the absence of a capitation formula for funding fundholding practices, the paper suggests that health authorities should do much more to investigate the amount of money they spend on non-fundholding practices. Regions could develop and use other methods to set budgets rather than rely on activity recorded by practices. Regions and the Department of Health should resolve urgently if and how far the budgets for fundholders should be compensated for increases in provider prices.     

柯氏鼠兔在东昆仑山的生存现状

１９９９年６￣７月,对东昆仑山柯氏鼠兔的分布状况、栖息生境、生存现状及繁殖等内容做了调查,结合所掌握的资料,首次对该物种的生存现状做了初步的分析。