腹膜透析患者营养不良的影响因素及风险预测模型的构建及验证

摘要 目的：分析腹膜透析（PD）患者营养不良的影响因素,构建PD患者营养不良风险预测模型并验证该模型的预测效能。方法：选取2019年1月～2021年10月黄山市人民医院腹透中心随访的200例PD患者,根据是否存在营养不良将患者分为营养不良组72例和营养正常组128例。采用单因素及多因素分析Logistic回归分析PD患者营养不良的影响因素和构建预测模型。采用H-L和受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线检验预测模型拟合优度及预测效能,并进行统计推断。结果：单因素分析显示,营养不良组年龄≥60岁、透析龄≥3年、焦虑/抑郁比例和血肌酐、血尿素氮、超敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）水平高于营养正常组,体质量指数（BMI）≥18.50 kg/m²比例、血钙、白蛋白（ALB）、单室尿素清除指数（spKt/V）低于营养正常组（P＜0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄≥60岁、透析龄≥3年、焦虑/抑郁、hs-CRP是PD患者营养不良的危险因素,BMI≥18.5 kg/m2、ALB、spKt/V是其保护因素（P＜0.05）。ROC曲线显示该模型预测PD患者营养不良风险的曲线下面积（AUC）（0.95CI）为0.905（95％CI：0.834～0.983）,灵敏度、特异度、准确度分别为0.891、0.903、0.872。以25%的样本进行验证：该风险预测模型实际应用的灵敏度、特异度、准确度分别为0.889、0.875、0.880。统计推断显示：关联性好（P＜0.05）,优势性相对一致（P＞0.05）。结论：年龄、BMI、透析龄、焦虑/抑郁、hs-CRP、ALB、spKt/V均是PD患者营养不良的影响因素,经验证本研究构建的风险预测模型预测效能良好。     

维持性血液透析患者腹主动脉钙化与左室重量指数、预后的关系及其影响因素分析

摘要 目的：研究维持性血液透析（MHD）患者腹主动脉钙化与左室重量指数（LVMI）、预后的关系及其影响因素。方法：将医院从2016年5月到2018年6月收治的182例MHD患者纳入研究。将所有患者按照腹主动脉钙化评分分为钙化组（腹主动脉钙化评分>0分）145例和非钙化组（腹主动脉钙化评分=0分）37例。分析比较两组LVMI、临床基线资料以及实验室检查指标水平的差异。采用多因素Logistic回归分析明确MHD患者腹主动脉钙化的影响因素。结果：钙化组LVMI明显高于非钙化组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。钙化组全因死亡率、心血管死亡率均高于非钙化组（P＜0.05）;且经Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析发现：钙化组患者全因死亡累积生存率以及心血管死亡累积生存率均明显低于非钙化组（P＜0.05）。钙化组年龄、透析龄以及血磷、全段甲状旁腺激素水平均高于非钙化组,而25羟维生素D3水平低于非钙化组（P＜0.05）。经多因素Logistic回归分析发现：年龄、透析龄、血磷、全段甲状旁腺激素及LVMI均是MHD患者腹主动脉钙化的独立危险因素,而25羟维生素D3是MHD患者腹主动脉钙化的保护因素（P＜0.05）。结论：MHD患者腹主动脉钙化与LVMI、预后密切相关,且年龄、透析龄、以及血磷、全段甲状旁腺激素、25羟维生素D3、LVMI均是MHD患者腹主动脉钙化的影响因素。     

高通量血液透析对糖尿病肾病血液透析患者心脏功能及结构的影响及预后的影响因素分析

摘要 目的：探讨高通量血液透析对糖尿病肾病（DN）血液透析患者心脏功能及结构的影响,并分析预后的影响因素。方法：选取2017年5月~2018年11月期间我院收治的DN血液透析患者（n=172）,上述DN血液透析患者中普通透析治疗者60例（普通透析组）、高通量血液透析治疗者112例（高通量透析组）。普通透析组采用低通量透析治疗,高通量透析组采用高通量透析治疗,比较两组患者心脏功能及结构以及预后情况,采用单因素、多因素Logistic回归分析预后的影响因素。结果：高通量透析组治疗6个月后左心房内径（LAD）、左心室舒张末内径（LVDd）、左心室心肌重量指数（LVMI）低于治疗前和普通透析组（P<0.05）,高通量透析组治疗6个月后左心室射血分数( LVEF )高于治疗前和普通透析组（P<0.05）。高通量透析组的生存率高于普通透析组（P<0.05）。存活组年龄、上机前舒张压、上机前收缩压、血磷、全段甲状旁腺激素（iPTH）均低于死亡组（P<0.05）,存活组透析频率、白蛋白、血红蛋白均高于死亡组（P<0.05）,两组性别、血钙比较无差异（P>0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,上机前舒张压高、上机前收缩压高、血磷高、iPTH高、透析频率少、白蛋白低、血红蛋白低均是DN血液透析患者死亡的危险因素（P<0.05）。结论：高通量血液透析能减轻DN患者血液透析所引起的心脏功能及结构损伤,改善患者预后。影响DN血液透析患者预后的因素较多,其中上机前舒张压、上机前收缩压、血磷、iPTH越高,白蛋白、血红蛋白越低,透析频率越少,患者的死亡风险越大。     

血清Alb、Mb及MEWS、Waterlow评分对重症监护病房患者压力性损伤的预测价值

摘要 目的：探讨血清白蛋白（Alb）、肌红蛋白（Mb）及改良早期预警评分（MEWS）、Waterlow评分对重症监护病房（ICU）患者压力性损伤（PI）的预测价值。方法：选取2021年6月～2022年12月在新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院ICU住院的患者120例,根据是否发生PI分为PI组43例和非PI组77例。ICU患者PI的影响因素采用多因素Logistic回归分析,血清Alb、Mb及MEWS、Waterlow评分对ICU患者PI的预测价值采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析。结果：PI组年龄大于非PI组,机械通气比例、体温、Mb、MEWS、Waterlow评分高于非PI组,住院时间长于非PI组,Alb低于非PI组（P＜0.05）。住院时间延长和Mb升高、MEWS增加、Waterlow评分增加为ICU患者PI的独立危险因素,Alb升高为其独立保护因素（P＜0.05）。血清Alb、Mb及MEWS、Waterlow评分四项联合预测ICU患者PI的曲线下面积大于各指标预测（P＜0.05）。结论：血清Alb水平降低和Mb、MEWS、Waterlow评分升高与ICU患者PI发生独立相关,血清Alb、Mb及MEWS、Waterlow评分联合对ICU患者PI具有良好预测价值。     

左卡尼汀辅助持续低效缓慢血液透析治疗终末期糖尿病肾病的疗效及对患者生存质量和氧化应激指标的影响

摘要 目的：评价左卡尼汀辅助持续低效缓慢血液透析（SLED）治疗终末期糖尿病肾病（DN）的疗效及对患者生存质量和氧化应激指标的影响。方法：选入我院2020年3月~2023年2月收治的终末期DN患者60例,随机分为对照组和观察组,各30例。两组均予以SLED治疗,观察组加用左卡尼汀,疗程3个月。评价两组的临床疗效、生存质量、氧化应激指标等,并进行统计比较。结果：观察组治疗总有效率较对照组高（P＜0.05）,而不良反应总发生率较对照组低（P＜0.05）;观察组治疗后血清Na⁺、Alb显著高于对照组,K⁺、SCr、BUN、β2-MG水平明显低于对照组（P＜0.05）;相较于治疗前,两组治疗后MDA、AOPPs明显降低,SOD、GSP-Px显著升高（P＜0.05）,而观察组降低/升高幅度明显大于对照组（P＜0.05）;两组治疗前SF-36量表评分无差异（P＞0.05）,治疗后,观察组SF-36量表各项评分均显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论：左卡尼汀辅助SLED治疗终末期DN的疗效明确,可有效抑制机体的氧化应激反应,减少不良反应,提高患者的生存质量。     

帕金森病患者血清klk6、HSP70检测的临床意义研究

摘要 目的：探讨帕金森病（PD）患者血清激肽释放酶6（klk6）、热休克蛋白70（HSP70）水平与病情严重程度以及PD轻度认知障碍（PD-MCI）的关系。方法：选择2021年2月至2022年2月徐州医科大学附属医院收治的165例PD患者（PD组），根据修订的Hoehn-Yahr分级将PD患者分为早期组（1.0~2.5级，59例）、中期组（3.0级，65例）和晚期组（4.0~5.0 级，41例），根据是否存在PD-MCI将PD患者分为PD-MCI组（66例）和非PD-MCI组（99例），另选择同期72例于我院门诊体检的健康志愿者为对照组。检测血清klk6、HSP70水平，比较不同分组血清klk6、HSP70水平差异，多因素Logistic回归分析影响PD患者发生PD-MCI的因素。结果：PD组血清klk6水平高于对照组（P＜0.05），HSP70水平低于对照组（P＜0.05），晚期组血清klk6水平高于早期组和中期组，且中期组血清klk6水平均高于早期组（P＜0.05），晚期组血清HSP70水平低于早期组和中期组，且中期组血清HSP70水平低于早期组（P＜0.05）；PD-MCI组血清klk6水平高于非PD-MCI组（P＜0.05），HSP70水平低于非PD-MCI组（P＜0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示年龄偏高、修订的Hoehn-Yahr分级晚期、高水平klk6是PD患者发生PD-MCI的危险因素（P＜0.05），高水平HSP70是PD患者发生PD-MCI的保护因素（P＜0.05）。结论：PD患者血清klk6水平增高，HSP70水平降低与修订的Hoehn- Yahr分级增加以及PD-MCI有关，检测血清klk6、HSP70水平有助于评估PD病情以及PD-MCI风险。     

血清白蛋白、降钙素原联合红细胞分布宽度对重型颅脑损伤患者住院期间死亡风险的预测价值研究

摘要 目的：探讨血清白蛋白（Alb）、降钙素原（PCT）联合红细胞分布宽度（RDW）对重型颅脑损伤（sTBI）患者住院期间死亡风险的预测价值。方法：选取2019年1月～2022年2月长沙市第一医院收治的120例sTBI患者,根据住院期间预后情况分为死亡组和存活组。收集sTBI患者临床资料并检测其血清Alb、PCT、RDW水平。采用多因素Logistic回归分析sTBI患者住院期间预后的影响因素,受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析血清Alb、PCT、RDW对sTBI患者住院期间死亡风险的预测价值。结果：120例sTBI患者住院期间死亡率为45.83％（55/120）。体温升高、糖尿病、瞳孔散大、基底池异常、中线移位≥5 mm、蛛网膜下腔出血和PCT、RDW升高为sTBI患者住院期间死亡的独立危险因素,Alb升高、格拉斯哥昏迷量表（GCS）评分增加为独立保护因素（P＜0.05）。血清Alb、PCT、RDW联合预测sTBI患者住院期间死亡风险的曲线下面积大于Alb、PCT、RDW单独预测。结论：临床应重视sTBI患者住院期间预后的影响因素,并采取对应措施进行干预。血清Alb、PCT、RDW联合预测sTBI患者住院期间死亡风险的价值较高,可作为sTBI患者住院期间死亡风险的预警指标。     

不同危险分层急性肺栓塞患者D-二聚体与纤维蛋白原比值、中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值、白蛋白的变化及其与预后的关系研究

摘要 目的：探讨不同危险分层急性肺栓塞（APE）患者D-二聚体与纤维蛋白原比值（DFR）、中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值（NLR）、白蛋白（Alb）的变化及其与预后的关系。方法：选择2019年3月至2021年12月我院收治的APE患者154例作为APE组,根据《肺血栓栓塞症的诊断与治疗指南(2015)》分为低危组48例、中危组69例和高危组37例,另选择同期我院体检健康志愿者40例作为对照组,比较各组DFR、NLR、Alb水平。根据不同预后将APE患者分为存活组125例,死亡组29例,比较两组DFR、NLR、Alb水平。应用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析DFR、NLR、Alb对APE预后的预测价值。结果：APE组DFR、NLR显著高于对照组,Alb水平显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。随着危险分层增加,APE患者DFR、NLR逐渐升高,Alb水平逐渐降低,不同危险分层APE患者DFR、NLR、Alb水平比较有统计学意义（P<0.05）。死亡组DFR、NLR显著高于存活组,Alb水平显著低于存活组（P<0.05）。ROC曲线分析显示,DFR、NLR、Alb对APE死亡预测具有较高的敏感度、特异度,其中DFR、NLR、Alb联合检测对APE死亡预测的曲线下面积（AUC）、敏感度、特异度最高。结论：APE患者DFR、NLR异常升高,Alb异常降低与APE危险分层增加及不良预后相关,DFR、NLR、Alb联合检测对APE患者预后不良的预测价值更高。     

维持性血液透析患者透析中低血压与人体成分的关系

摘要 目的：了解维持性血液透析患者透析中低血压（Intradialytic Hypotension,IDH）的发生率,并分析人体成分参数中影响IDH发生的因素。方法：采用观察性研究,于2019年6月起共纳入106例在南京医科大学第二附属医院血液净化中心行维持性血液透析的患者,透析结束后30 min以生物电阻抗的方法进行人体成分测量,并记录患者最近一个月有无发生IDH。采用单因素分析及多因素logistics回归分析影响IDH发生的人体成分因素。结果：（1）纳入研究的106名维持性血液透析患者中,总计21名患者一月内发生过IDH（19.8%）;（2）单因素分析：IDH组与非IDH组间年龄、透析龄、PTH、ECW、ECW/TBW具有统计学差异（P＜0.05）;（3）多因素logistics回归分析：校正了性别、年龄、透析龄、PTH、是否合并糖尿病或心血管疾病、腰围等因素后,内脏脂肪（VAT）是IDH的独立危险因素（OR 4.658,95%CI1.360-15.954）。结论：IDH是血液透析患者最常见的并发症之一,在临床治疗中需予以高度重视。在人体成分各项参数中,内脏脂肪（VAT）是影响IDH发生的危险因素,我们可以针对VAT进行干预,继而减少IDH的发生率。     

维持性腹膜透析患者血管钙化评估及血清sclerostin、FGF-23测定对血管钙化发生风险的预测价值研究

摘要 目的：评估维持性腹膜透析（PD）患者血管钙化（VC）情况,分析血清骨硬化蛋白（sclerostin）、成纤维生长因子-23（FGF-23）测定对VC发生风险的预测价值。方法：选择2018年5月~2021年6月期间我院收治的维持性PD患者103例为研究对象。收集所有患者的临床资料进行分析,观察VC情况,多因素Logistic回归分析维持性PD患者VC的危险因素。受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）分析血清sclerostin、FGF-23单独及联合测定对VC的预测价值。结果：103例维持性PD患者中有69例（66.99%）存在不同部位、不同程度的VC。根据是否出现VC进行分组,其中VC患者69例（VC组）,未出现VC患者34例（无VC组）。与无VC组患者相比,VC组年龄、合并糖尿病人数占比、血清sclerostin、FGF-23、血钙（Ca）水平明显更高,透析时间明显更长,全段甲状旁腺激素水平明显更低（P<0.05）。透析时间≥32月、年龄≥55岁、合并糖尿病、血清FGF-23≥80 pg/mL、Ca≥1.3 mmol/L、血清sclerostin≥7 ng/mL是维持性PD患者并发VC的危险因素（P＜0.05）。血清sclerostin、FGF-23的曲线下面积（AUC）（0.95CI）分别为0.783（0.691～0.858）、0.793（0.702～0.866）,有一定的预测效能,而两指标联合应用时：AUC（0.95CI）为0.867（0.786～0.926）,预测效能更高。结论：维持性PD患者VC的发生与透析时间、年龄、合并糖尿病、FGF-23、Ca、sclerostin有关,sclerostin、FGF-23联合测定对VC发生风险的预测价值较高,对于此类患者VC的评估具有辅助作用。     

Urgent-Start Peritoneal Dialysis and Hemodialysis in ESRD Patients: Complications and Outcomes

BackgroundSeveral studies have suggested that urgent-start peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a feasible alternative to hemodialysis (HD) in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), but the impact of the dialysis modality on outcome, especially on short-term complications, in urgent-start dialysis has not been directly evaluated. The aim of the current study was to compare the complications and outcomes of PD and HD in urgent-start dialysis ESRD patients.MethodsIn this retrospective study, ESRD patients who initiated dialysis urgently without a pre-established functional vascular access or PD catheter at a single center from January 2013 to December 2014 were included. Patients were grouped according to their dialysis modality (PD and HD). Each patient was followed for at least 30 days after catheter insertion (until January 2016). Dialysis-related complications and patient survival were compared between the two groups.ResultsOur study enrolled 178 patients (56.2% male), of whom 96 and 82 patients were in the PD and HD groups, respectively. Compared with HD patients, PD patients had more cardiovascular disease, less heart failure, higher levels of serum potassium, hemoglobin, serum albumin, serum pre-albumin, and lower levels of brain natriuretic peptide. There were no significant differences in gender, age, use of steroids, early referral to a nephrologist, prevalence of primary renal diseases, prevalence of co-morbidities, and other laboratory characteristics between the groups. The incidence of dialysis-related complications during the first 30 days was significantly higher in HD than PD patients. HD patients had a significantly higher probability of bacteremia compared to PD patients. HD was an independent predictor of short-term (30-day) dialysis-related complications. There was no significant difference between PD and HD patients with respect to patient survival rate.ConclusionIn an experienced center, PD is a safe and feasible dialysis alternative to HD for ESRD patients with an urgent need for dialysis.     

腹膜透析和血液透析对终末期肾脏疾病患者钙磷代谢及微炎症状态的影响

目的:探讨腹膜透析(PD)和血液透析(HD)对终末期肾脏疾病(ESRD)患者钙磷代谢及微炎症状态的影响。方法:选择2016年1月~2017年2月我院收治的ESRD患者94例为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为PD组(47例)和HD组(47例),PD组给予非卧床持续性PD治疗,HD组给予HD治疗,治疗6个月后比较两组血清钙磷代谢水平和微炎症状态,并统计两组并发症的发生率。结果:治疗6个月后,两组血清钙水平与治疗前相比显著升高,血清磷水平显著降低(P0.05),但HD组与PD组比较无差异(P0.05);治疗6个月后,两组血清C-反应蛋白(CRP)水平较治疗前明显升高,且HD组高于PD组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),治疗6个月后,两组降钙素原(PCT)水平与治疗前相比显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),但HD组与PD组比较无差异(P0.05);PD组感染、低蛋白血症的发生率高于HD组,HD组高血压、心律失常、充血性心衰的发生率高于PD组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:PD和HD治疗均可改善ESRD患者钙磷代谢紊乱,但两者都将加剧患者微炎症反应,其中HD对患者微炎症状态的影响更大。     

The frequency of Th2 type cells increases with time on peritoneal dialysis in patients with diabetic nephropathy.

We have analysed the frequency of cytokine-producing T cells in different dialysis groups (haemodialysis; HD and peritoneal dialysis; PD) over time. Although we saw no difference in type 1 cytokine production (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) in either dialysis group, there was a clear increase in the percentage of T cells spontaneously producing the type 02 cytokines in the PD group (IL-4, r = 0.558, P < 0.05; IL-10, r = 0.527, p < 0.05). Our patient group was carefully selected to include patients with an ongoing autoimmune disease, insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) (DN group) and chronic glomerulonephritis (GN), which are common reasons of end stage renal failure. As expected there was no increase in the spontaneous production of either IL-4 or IL-10 in either disease group with patients undergoing HD treatment. However, there was a clear correlation with the frequency of T cells producing IL-4 (r = 0.755, P < 0.05) and IL-10 (r = 0.725, P < 0.05) and time on dialysis in the PD patients with DN, but not those with GN. Much work has suggested that the pathogenesis of IDDM is associated with a Th1 dominated response. We show here that this response is skewed towards a Th2 response after long term treatment with PD. This work demonstrates that the immunological effects of different dialysis modalities on patients with different diseases vary. This may go some way to explain why certain patient groups have more complications with different dialysis modalities.     

维持性腹膜透析患者认知功能障碍与营养状况的关系研究

摘要 目的：探究维持性腹膜透析患者认知功能障碍与营养状况的关系。方法：前瞻性纳入2019年1月至2020年6月在济宁医学院附属医院就诊的172例维持性腹膜透析患者，收集患者一般资料。采用蒙特利尔认知评估量表（MoCA）评估患者的认知功能，根据MoCA评分分为认知功能正常组及认知功能障碍组。采用微型营养评估量表（MNA）评估患者营养状态，以MNA评分分为营养正常组、潜在营养不良组、营养不良组，比较认知功能正常组及认知功能障碍组营养状况占比情况，分析维持性腹膜透析患者认知功能与营养状况的相关性及影响认知功能的相关因素。结果：与认知功能正常组比较，认知功能障碍组患者透析时间明显延长，MNA总分、MoCA总分明显降低（P<0.05）。与认知功能正常组比较，认知功能障碍组患者营养正常者比例明显降低，营养不良者比例明显升高（P<0.05），潜在营养不良者比例有所升高但差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。经Pearson相关性检验分析显示，维持性腹膜透析患者MoCA总分与MNA总分呈明显正相关（P<0.05）。经Logistic回归分析显示，透析时间（延长）、营养不良均为维持性腹膜透析患者认知功能障碍的危险因素（P<0.05）。结论：维持性腹膜透析认知功能障碍患者营养不良发生率明显升高，且患者认知功能障碍与营养状况具有明显相关性，加强患者的营养状况有助于降低认知功能障碍的发生风险。     

血液透析和腹膜透析对终末期肾病患者预后的影响及其安全性比较

目的:分析和比较血液透析和腹膜透析终末期肾病患者预后的影响及其安全性。方法:选取2010年1月至2016年4月本医院收治的透析患者246例作为研究对象,将其分为血液透析组和腹膜透析组,比较两组患者治疗后的生存情况及并发症的发生情况。结果:两组患者死亡原因是心力衰竭、消化道出血、重度感染、脑梗死,两组的病死率及死因构成比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。腹膜透析组患者1年、3年、5年生存率均显著高于血液透析组(P0.05),两组患者7年生存率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。首次透析年龄超过60岁的终末期肾病患者中,腹膜透析组1年、3年、5年、7年生存率均显著低于血液透析组(P0.05)。血液透析组心力衰竭、动静脉内瘘闭塞发生率显著高于腹膜透析组(P0.05),腹膜透析组腹膜炎的发生率显著高于血液透析组(P0.05),血液透析组总并发症发生率明显高于腹膜透析组(P0.05)。结论:血液透析和腹膜透析各有优缺点,对终末期肾病患者应个体化选择透析方式,减少并发症,提高生活质量及生存率。     

Comparison of Long-Term Outcomes between Peritoneal Dialysis Patients with Diabetes as a Primary Renal Disease or as a Comorbid Condition

ObjectiveTo investigate the long-term outcomes of peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients with diabetes as primary renal disease and patients with diabetes as a comorbid condition.MethodsAll diabetic patients who commenced PD between January 1, 1995 and June 30, 2012 at Ren Ji Hospital, China were included. Patients were divided into diabetic nephropathy group (DN group) and non-diabetic nephropathy group (NDN group) according to their diagnosis of primary renal disease at the initiation of PD. They were followed until death, cessation of PD, transferred to other centers or to the end of study (June 30, 2013). Outcomes were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression models.ResultsA total of 163 diabetic patients were enrolled in the study, including 121 (74.2%) in DN group and 42 (25.8%) in NDN group. The 1-, 2-, 3- and 5-year patient survival rates were 89%, 78%, 66% and 51% for DN group, and 85%, 63%, 53% and 25% for NDN group, respectively. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that patients in NDN group had a worse patient survival compared with DN group (log rank 4.830, P=0.028). Patients in NDN group had a marginally shorter peritonitis-free period (log rank 3.297, P=0.069), however, there was no significant difference in technique survival (log rank 0.040, P=0.841). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that older age (HR 1.047, 95% CI 1.022-1.073, p<0.001), cardiovascular disease comorbidity (HR 2.200, 95% CI 0.1.269-3.814, P=0.005) and diabetes as a comorbidity condition (HR 1.806, 95% CI 1.003-3.158, P=0.038) were the independent predictors of increased mortality.ConclusionsPD patients with diabetes as a comorbidity had an inferior patient survival compared to those with diabetic nephropathy, and closer monitoring and extra attention in the former subgroup of patients are therefore warranted.     

Hemodialysis versus Peritoneal Dialysis: A Comparison of Survival Outcomes in South-East Asian Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease

Background

Studies comparing patient survival of hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) have yielded conflicting results and no such study was from South-East Asia. This study aimed to compare the survival outcomes of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) who started dialysis with HD and PD in Singapore.

Methods

Survival data for a maximum of 5 years from a single-center cohort of 871 ESRD patients starting dialysis with HD (n = 641) or PD (n = 230) from 2005–2010 was analyzed using the flexible Royston-Parmar (RP) model. The model was also applied to a subsample of 225 propensity-score-matched patient pairs and subgroups defined by age, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease.

Results

After adjusting for the effect of socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, the risk of death was higher in patients initiating dialysis with PD than those initiating dialysis with HD (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.08; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.67–2.59; p<0.001), although there was no significant difference in mortality between the two modalities in the first 12 months of treatment. Consistently, in the matched subsample, patients starting PD had a higher risk of death than those starting HD (HR: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.30–2.28, p<0.001). Subgroup analysis showed that PD may be similar to or better than HD in survival outcomes among young patients (≤65 years old) without diabetes or cardiovascular disease.

Conclusion

ESRD patients who initiated dialysis with HD experienced better survival outcomes than those who initiated dialysis with PD in Singapore, although survival outcomes may not differ between the two dialysis modalities in young and healthier patients. These findings are potentially confounded by selection bias, as patients were not randomized to the two dialysis modalities in this cohort study.     

Survival Advantage of Peritoneal Dialysis Relative to Hemodialysis in the Early Period of Incident Dialysis Patients: A Nationwide Prospective Propensity-Matched Study in Korea

Background

The impact of dialysis modality on survival is still somewhat controversial. Given possible differences in patients’ characteristics and the cause and rate of death in different countries, the issue needs to be evaluated in Korean cohorts.

Methods

A nationwide prospective observational cohort study ({"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT00931970","term_id":"NCT00931970"}}NCT00931970) was performed to compare survival between peritoneal dialysis (PD) and hemodialysis (HD). A total of 1,060 end-stage renal disease patients in Korea who began dialysis between September 1, 2008 and June 30, 2011 were followed through December 31, 2011.

Results

The patients (PD, 30.6%; HD, 69.4%) were followed up for 16.3±7.9 months. PD patients were significantly younger, less likely to be diabetic, with lower body mass index, and larger urinary volume than HD patients. Infection was the most common cause of death. Multivariate Cox regression with the entire cohort revealed that PD tended to be associated with a lower risk of death compared to HD [hazard ratio (HR) 0.63, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.36–1.08]. In propensity score matched pairs (n = 278 in each modality), cumulative survival probabilities for PD and HD patients were 96.9% and 94.1% at 12 months (P = 0.152) and 94.3% and 87.6% at 24 months (P = 0.022), respectively. Patients on PD had a 51% lower risk of death compared to those on HD (HR 0.49, 95% CI 0.25–0.97).

Conclusions

PD exhibits superior survival to HD in the early period of dialysis, even after adjusting for differences in the patients’ characteristics between the two modalities. Notably, the most common cause of death was infection in this Korean cohort.     

The Concordance between Patients’ Renal Replacement Therapy Choice and Definitive Modality: Is It a Utopia?

IntroductionIt is desirable for patients to play active roles in the choice of renal replacement therapy (RRT). Patient decision aid tools (PDAs) have been developed to allow the patients to choose the option best suited to their individual needs.ResultsPatients included in this study: 1044. Of these, 569 patients used PDAs and had made a definitive choice by the end of registration. A total of 88.4% of patients chose dialysis [43% hemodialysis (HD) and 45% peritoneal dialysis (PD)] 3.2% preemptive living-donor transplant (TX), and 8.4% conservative treatment (CT). A total of 399 patients began RRT during this period. The distribution was 93.4% dialysis (53.6% HD; 40% PD), 1.3% preemptive TX and 5.3% CT. The patients who followed the EP changed their mind significantly less often [kappa value of 0.91 (95% CI, 0.86–0.95)] than those who did not follow it, despite starting unplanned treatment [kappa value of 0.85 (95% CI, 0.75–0.95]. A higher agreement between the final choice and a definitive treatment was achieved by the EP and planned patients [kappa value of 0.93 (95% CI, 0.89–0.98)]. Those who did not go through the EP had a much lower index of choosing PD and changed their decision more frequently when starting definitive treatment [kappa value of 0.73 (95% CI, 0.55–0.91)].ConclusionsFree choice, assisted by PDAs, leads to a 50/50 distribution of PD and HD choice and an increase in TX choice. The use of PDAs, even with an unplanned start, achieved a high level of concordance between the chosen and definitive modality.