支链氨基酸对心肌缺血大鼠线粒体损伤的保护作用

目的和方法：本文用异丙肾上腺素（Ｉｓｏ） 造成大鼠心肌缺血动物模型,观察支链氨基酸（ＢＣＡＡ）对大鼠心肌缺血时线粒体结构和功能损伤的预防作用。结果：ＢＣＡＡ 能显著降低心肌缺血后心肌线粒体中丙二醛（ＭＤＡ） 水平、维持线粒体模平均微粘度（－η） 、线粒体呼吸链中细胞色素氧化酶及心肌肌球蛋白ＡＴＰａｓｅ活力。结论：给予ＢＣＡＡ对保护大鼠心肌线粒体的结构和功能免受缺血性损伤具有一定效果     

脱落酸对线粒体Na^＋—K^＋ATPase活性的影响

在提取大豆（Ｇｌｙｃｉｎｅ ｍ ａｘ）黄化子叶的线粒体时,于清洗和悬浮介质中加入ＡＢＡ,发现４０ μｍ ｏｌ／Ｌ（±） ＡＢＡ 对线粒体膜结合Ｎａ＋ －Ｋ＋ ＡＴＰａｓｅ 活性及线粒体吸氧速率有明显的促进作用。ＡＢＡ 可使１６℃与２７℃培养的大豆子叶线粒体膜结合Ｎａ＋ －Ｋ＋ ＡＴＰａｓｅ Ａｒｒｈｅｎｉｕｓ图的折点温度分别下降６．３℃和５．９℃,并将该酶的底物动力学曲线由正协同曲线转变为非协同曲线。表明ＡＢＡ 可降低线粒体的膜相变温度     

用ANS研究脱落酸提高植物线粒体膜的流动性

用荧光标记法,以ＡＮＳ作荧光探剂研究了脱落酸（ＡＢＡ）对植被线粒体脱流动性的影响。（＋）ＡＢＡ浓度效应实验结果和不同ＰＨ及不同温度条件下的实验结果均表明（＋）ＡＢＡ能降低植物线粒体膜的荧光强度,即（＋）ＡＢＡ能提高线粒体原流动性,且此种效应具有浓度饱和性,并导致线粒体异柠檬酸脱氢酶（ＩＣＨ）活性升高。ＡＢＡ的类似物,ＲＣＡ．７Ａ和ＲＣＡ．７ｂ,也具有提高ＩＣＤＨ活性的效应,抗ＡＢＡ结合蛋白的抗体（     

脱落酸对玉米胚芽和大豆子叶线粒体呼吸的影响

在提取玉米和大豆线粒体后,以ＡＢＡ处理线粒体,发一在不同底物存在下,ＡＢＡ均可增加线粒体的耗氧速度,呼吸速率随ＡＢＡ浓度变化的结构常数值为１．４３μｍｏｌ／Ｌ。ＡＢＡ对４态呼吸的促进作用更为显著,因而导致呼吸控制下降,Ｐ／Ｏ比降低。蛋白合成抑制剂环己酰亚胺不影响ＡＢＡ的效应。     

运动性疲劳状态下大鼠心肌线粒体内膜变化的研究

采用递增负荷力竭性运动模型,观察了Ｓｐｒａｇｕｅ－Ｄａｗｌｅｙ大鼠急性运动至力竭后心肌线粒体内膜流动性、ＮＡＤＨ－ＣｏＱ还原酶及ＡＴＰ酶活性的变化。结果表明,大鼠心肌线粒体内膜荧光偏振值较安静时显著增高（Ｐ＜０．０１）,示膜流动性降低。线粒体内膜ＮＡＤＨ－ＣｏＱ还原酶和肌线粒体内膜功能改变,其膜流动性和呼吸链酶活性变化,可能是运动性疲劳的重要膜分子制之一。     

大豆磷脂脂质体对再灌注心肌线粒体的影响

利用Ｌａｎｇｅｎｄｏｒｆｆ离体心脏灌流装置,研究在缺血－再灌注时补充大豆磷脂脂质体对心肌线粒体膜脂质特性和超微结构的影响。结果：在缺血－再灌注时补充大豆磷脂脂质体可提高线粒体膜磷脂含量,抑制胆固醇－磷脂摩尔比和膜脂质微粘度的增加,改善线粒体的超微结构。结果表明,补充大豆磷脂脂质体对再灌注心肌线粒体的脂质特性和超微结构的损伤性变化具有保护作用。     

含有Epstein—Barr病毒膜抗原的重组表达质粒及其基因免疫

将Ｅｐｓｔｅｉｎ－Ｂａｒｒ（ＥＢ）病毒主要的膜抗原（ＭＡ）ＢＬＬＦ１基因片段插入ｐＨＤ１０１－３质粒的ＣＭＶ启动子下游,构建了真核表达质粒ｐＨＤ－ｇｐ３５０,并转染２９３细胞进行瞬间表达。用免疫荧光法从细胞膜检测到表达的抗原能与其单克隆抗体发生特异性结合。Ｗｅｓｔｅｍ－ｂｌｏｔ法证实,表达的抗原分子量为３５０ｋＤ。用能在真核细胞表达的重组质粒ｐＨＤ－ｇｐ３５０的ＤＮＡ,经Ｓｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ ２Ｂ柱     

竹红菌乙素（乙醇胺）修饰物对于鼠肝线粒体光敏损伤研究

竹红菌乙素与乙醇胺进行化学结构的修饰,可以得到红光性能更加优良的新型光敏剂（简称ＨＢ－Ｅ）,为此,我们作了以下几方面的研究：１．对线粒体膜脂质过氧化损伤的光敏作用;２．对线粒体膜巯基蛋白光敏损伤;３．对ＡＴＰ酶的失活;４．损伤机理的探讨;５．不同光敏剂光敏能力的对比;从以上研究可以看到ＨＢ－Ｅ光敏作用对于线粒体的损伤十分明明;从损伤的机理角度证明了氧自由基的作用是存在的;对于体系中产生超氧阴离的来     

能化态与线粒体及其内膜体膜表面局部脱水

荧光探针ＤＰＥ（Ｄｉｐａｌｍｉｔｏｙｌ－Ｎ－ＤａｎｓｙｌＰｈｏｓｐｈａｔｉｄｙｌｅｔｈａｎｏｌａｍｉｎｅ）标记于鼠肝线粒体及其内膜体膜表面,以测定其膜表面介电常数（ε）的变化与膜能化态的关系．在含有鱼藤酮的线粒体或其内膜体悬液中,加入琥珀酸,使膜处于能化态,可使膜表面。值分别下降１１％和２０％,分别再加ＫＣＮ,ＣＣＣＰ或Ｎｉｇｅｒｉｃｉｎ均能使ε值回升９％;若在上述悬液中,先加ＫＣＮ或ＣＣＣＰ,然后加入琥珀酸,则膜表面ε值无变化。若在线粒体或其内膜体悬液中,先加入ＣＣＣＰ或Ｎｉｇｅｒｉｃｉｎ,两者可使膜表面ε值升高１２％,其后加入鱼藤酮或琥珀酸等,则ε值均无变化,说明呼吸链抑制剂或解偶联剂抑制或解除膜的能化态,均可使膜表面ε值不发生变化。在另一组实验中,先加ＫＣＮ后,再加ＡＴｈ,使线粒体内膜处于能化态,表面ε值下降８％,此时再加寡霉素,则膜表面ε值相反上升１０％。这些实验事实均证明,线粒体膜处于能化态时,ε值下降,解除给化态,使ε值又上升。为能化态与线粒体膜表面水化力下降的相互关系提供了新信息．也为质子泵引起膜表面质子化,进而引起表面脱水,驱动膜融合的理论模型提供了新的证据。     

栽培大豆中一个线粒体atp６基因的分离与鉴定

线粒体ＡＴＰ酶（mtATPase)复合体在高等植物生命活动中起重要作用。从栽培大豆（Glycine max(L.)Merr.)中分离鉴定了一个新的mtATPase第六亚基（ＥＣ３．６．１．３４）基因（atp６）,它编码具２２３个氨基酸的ＡＴＰ６亚基,是所有已克隆的atp６基因中最短的一个,并把它命名为atp６copy3(atp６-3)。通过对９种栽培大豆的ＰＣＲ分析及序列分析表明atp６－３广泛在于栽培大豆中,以atp６－３为探针对大豆重组近交系的ＲＦＬＰ分析初步表明栽培大豆线粒体有父性遗传的可能性。水杨酸处理明显抑制atp６的表达,并对其可能作用进行了鉴定。     

外源氯化胆碱可提高小麦线粒体膜的流动性

分别用ANS、DPH及16 -NS三种不同的标记物标记小麦黄化苗的线粒体 ,研究氯化胆碱 (cholinechloride,CC)对线粒体膜的荧光光谱、平均微粘度 (η )及ESR图谱的影响。结果表明 ,0.21 -1.79mmol·L-1 的CC均能显著降低线粒体膜的荧光强度、η 值及ESR图谱的序参数 (S)和旋转相关时间 (τc) ,表明CC可增加线粒体膜的流动性。为揭示CC的提高植物抗冷机制提供依据     

Effect of ABA on the Activity of Mitochondrial Membrane Bound Na+-K+ ATPase

Effect of ABA on the activity of mitochondrial membrane bound Na+-K+ATPase during isolation of mitochondria from soybean cotyledons, there was an increased activity of the mitochondrial membrane bound Na+-K+ATPase if abscisic acid (ABA) was added to the medium when soybean seedling were grown at 27 ℃ or 16℃, 40 mol/L ABA could change the turning point temperature of Arrhenius the activation energies (Ea) of Na+-K+ATPase from 36.6℃ or 22.7℃ decreased to 30. 3℃ or 17.8℃ respectively. The Km value and S0.5 value for this enzyme with ABA was higher than that without ABA. Hill coefficient (n) of this enzyme with ABA was 1.01 and without ABA was 1.89. The o2 uptake of mitochondria also increased. These results showed that the temperature of phase transition of mitochondrial membrane were decreased by ABA treatment.     

The effects of ABA on channel-mediated K(+) transport across higher plant roots

The transport and accumulation of K(+) in higher plant roots is regulated by ABA. Molecular and electrophysiological techniques have identified a number of discrete transporters which are involved in the translocation of K(+) from the soil solution to the shoots of higher plants. Furthermore, recent reports have shown that ABA regulates K(+) channel activity in maize and Arabidopsis roots which suggests that ABA regulation of K(+) transport in roots is, at least in part, ion channel-mediated. The signalling processes which underlie the ABA regulation of K(+) channels have been investigated. The effects of ABA on the membrane potential of intact maize root cells were also studied. It was found that ABA regulated the membrane potential of root cells and that this regulation is consistent with the hypothesis that ABA-induced K(+) accumulation in roots is mediated by K(+) channels.     

Effects of ethylene and 1-MCP (1-methylcyclopropene) on bud and flower drop in mini <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phalaenopsis</Emphasis> cultivars

Phalaenopsis frequently exhibits bud drop during production and in response to adverse postharvest conditions. The effect of exogenous ethylene on bud drop of mini Phalaenopsis was studied and ethylene sensitivity of four cultivars was compared. Water content, membrane permeability and ABA (abscisic acid) content in floral buds and flowers were determined after ethylene treatment. Exogenous ethylene induced flower bud drop in all tested Phalaenopsis cultivars and the different cultivars showed distinct differences in ethylene sensitivity. The cultivar Sogo ‘Vivien’ exhibited the highest bud drop, water loss and change in membrane permeability in floral petals, while Sogo ‘Berry’ showed the lowest sensitivity. The ethylene inhibitor 1-MCP (1-methylcyclopropene) reduced ethylene-induced floral bud drop in the cultivar Sogo ‘Yenlin’. ABA content in floral buds was increased in response to ethylene and 1-MCP pretreatment inhibited the ethylene-induced increase in ABA levels efficiently. This finding suggests that the observed increase in ABA content during bud drop was mediated by ethylene. The interaction between ABA and ethylene is discussed.     

玉米根ABA结合蛋白的亚细胞定位及动力学性质

以玉米（Ｚｅａ ｍａｙｓＬ．）根或胚芽鞘为材料,经匀浆、分级离心得到胞质部分和膜部分（微粒体）,进一步用６．２％ （Ｗ／Ｗ ） Ｄｅｘｔｒａｎ Ｔ５００ 和ＰＥＧ ３３５０ 两相系统制备质膜,用１％ 和８％ （Ｗ ／Ｗ） Ｄｅｘｔｒａｎ Ｔ７０ 梯度离心制备液泡膜． 电镜鉴定及多种标志酶检测表明,制备获得了高纯度正向型质膜和富含液泡膜的组分,其它内膜的污染很少． 用微量放射配体结合（ＭＲＬＢ）实验证明,玉米根微粒体的ＡＢＡ专一性结合位点主要分布在液泡膜和质膜上,这两种膜组分与ＡＢＡ 的特异结合活性分别为２４８５．４ ｆｍ ｏｌ／ｍ ｇ ｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ 和１２５７．３ ｆｍ ｏｌ／ｍ ｇ ｐｒｏ－ｔｅｉｎ,玉米根段胞质部分结合活性最低（差一个数量级）．质膜上ＡＢＡ－ＢＰ与ＡＢＡ 的结合平衡解离常数（ＫＤ）为１．５７ ｎｍ ｏｌ／Ｌ．     

植物生长调节剂对龙眼内源激素及花芽分化的影响

研究了ＰＰ３３３和ＧＡ对龙眼（ＤｉｍｏｃａｒｐｕｓｌｏｎｇａｎａＬｏｕｒ）,成花的作用及其与内源激素的关系。结果表明,ＰＰ３３３处理后,ｉＰＡ含量明显高于ＧＡ的处理,而ＧＡ含量则呈现由高到低逐渐下降的趋势,ＧＡ处理正好相反,ＰＰ３３３处理后芽中的ＡＢＡ含量明显低ＧＡ处理,表明高含量的ＧＡ和ＡＢＡ不利于花芽分化,而高含量的细胞分裂素则有利于花芽分化,外施Ｐ３３３可缩短花序长度,提高着果率和增加产量。     

金鱼精子发生中的拟染色质小体

拟染色质小体是性细胞特有的细胞器。本文报道:在金鱼精子发生过程中,精原细胞含有大量的拟染色质小体,在它上面不仅聚集着许多线粒体,而且有膜片层附着,其本身还会出现环孔和类似线粒体内嵴状结构。随着细胞的分化,拟染色质小体逐渐变少减小,直至消失。本文对拟染色质小体的形成方式与功能进行了讨论。     

Interaction of synapsin I with membranes

The synapsins (I, II, and III) comprise a family of peripheral membrane proteins that are involved in both regulation of neurotransmitter release and synaptogenesis. Synapsins are concentrated at presynaptic nerve terminals and are associated with the cytoplasmic surface of synaptic vesicles. Membrane-binding of synapsins involves interaction with both protein and lipid components of synaptic vesicles. Synapsin I binds rapidly and with high affinity to liposomes containing anionic lipids. The binding of bovine synapsin I to liposomes was studied using fluoresceinphosphatidyl-ethanolamine (FPE) to measure membrane electrostatic potential. Synapsin binding to liposomes caused a rapid increase in FPE fluorescence, indicating an increase in positive charge at the membrane surface. Synapsin I binding to monolayers resulted in a substantial increase in monolayer surface pressure. At higher initial surface pressures, the synapsin-induced increase in monolayer surface pressure is dependent on the presence of anionic lipids in the monolayer. Synapsin I also induced rapid aggregation of liposomes, but did not induce leakage of entrapped carboxyfluorescein, while other aggregation-inducing agents promoted extensive leakage. These results are in agreement with the presence of amphipathic stretches of amino acids in synapsin I that exhibit both electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions with membranes, and offer a molecular explanation for the high affinity binding of synapsin I to liposomes and for stabilization of membranes by synapsin I.     

Effect of thidiazuron on abscisic acid content in apple bud relative to dormancy

The effect of N -phenyl- N '-1,2,3,-thidiazol-5-ylurea (thidiazuron, Dropp, SN 49537) on abscisic acid (ABA) level in apple ( Malus domestica Borkh. cv. York Imperial) buds associated with bud break and bud development was determined. The data showed that increased ABA content in apple buds was associated with thidiazuron-induced bud break and bud development. ABA stimulated growth of apple buds that had emerged from dormancy by thidiazuron treatment. The ABA in apple buds was confirmed by GC-EIMS and GC-CIMS.