组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡的机制

组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂（HDACi）是一类新的化疗药物,能够有效抑制组蛋白去乙酰化酶的活性,促进组蛋白及非组蛋白的乙酰化修饰,在转录和翻译后修饰水平调控肿瘤靶蛋白及凋亡相关蛋白的表达和降解,活化凋亡信号通路,诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡。HDACi抑制抗氧化蛋白的表达,提高细胞内活性氧的水平,引起细胞的氧化损伤。因此,氧化损伤诱导的细胞凋亡也是HDACi杀伤肿瘤细胞的重要机制。HDACi诱导细胞凋亡机制的发现将进一步促进HDACi在临床治疗中的应用。     

组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂(HDAIs)对异染色质的作用

组蛋白乙酰化和去乙酰化可调节染色体的多种功能,例如基因表达和染色体分离等。研究发现,组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂(histone deacetylase inhibitors,HDACIs)可诱导分化、生长阻断和肿瘤细胞凋亡,目前HDACIs正作为抗肿瘤药物进行临床试验,在肿瘤治疗中显示出具有较好的应用前景。然而,人们对于HDACIs在生物体内是如何发挥作用以及不同类型细胞为何会有不同的应答途径却关注甚少。本综述通过讨论HDACIs对周期和非周期细胞中组蛋白去乙酰化酶的抑制结果,来阐明组蛋白乙酰化模式的动力学特征,特别是对基因组异染色质的作用。     

组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂SAHA对胰腺癌细胞Patu8988 的放射增敏作用

目的:探讨组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂SAHA对胰腺癌Patu8988细胞增殖的影响和放射增敏作用。方法:用含不同浓度(0、0.5、1、2、4、6、8μmo L/L)SAHA的培养基分别培养胰腺癌Patu8988细胞12、24、36和48 h,采用MTT比色法检测SAHA作用细胞的生长抑制作用,计算IC50。设空白对照组和SAHA处理组(20%IC50 SAHA作用24 h),予6MV-X射线(0、2、4、6、8Gy)照射,克隆形成实验法检测SAHA对Patu8988细胞的放射增敏作用,单靶多击模型拟合细胞存活曲线,计算放射相关参数D0、Dq值和放射增敏比。Western blot法检测不同浓度(0、4、8、12μmo L/L)SAHA对Patu8988细胞内组蛋白H4乙酰化水平、Ku70和Bax蛋白表达的影响。结果:SAHA可抑制Patu8988细胞增殖,呈浓度和时间依赖性,48 h的IC50为5.40μmol/L。SAHA联合放疗处理Patu8988细胞的克隆形成率明显低于单独放疗处理,D0分别为1.513、2.229,Dq分别为0.783、1.321,放射增敏比(SER)为1.47。SAHA可增加Patu8988细胞内组蛋白H4乙酰化水平,抑制DNA修复蛋白Ku70表达,促进凋亡相关基因Bax表达,呈剂量依赖性,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:SAHA可以浓度和时间依赖性方式抑制胰腺癌Patu8988细胞的增殖,并具有放射增敏作用,抑制断裂DNA双链修复及促进凋亡可能是其作用机制之一。     

组蛋白去乙酰化酶与急性肾损伤

组蛋白乙酰化是表观遗传修饰的方式之一,由组蛋白乙酰化转移酶催化,并受组蛋白去乙酰化酶负向调节,在各种细胞的正常生理活动和病理生理过程中起重要作用。近年来的研究表明,组蛋白去乙酰化酶参与急性肾损伤中的多种病理生理反应,如细胞凋亡、去分化、增殖及再生修复等。本文主要阐述各种组蛋白去乙酰化酶在缺血再灌注、肾毒性药物、脓毒症、横纹肌溶解诱导的急性肾损伤中的作用与机制。     

组蛋白脱乙酰酶抑制剂的抗癌作用

组蛋白乙酰转移酶和组蛋白脱乙酰酶分别催化组蛋白的乙酰化和脱乙酰基反应,调节组蛋白的乙酰化水平,从而调控基因表达。这些过程与恶性肿瘤的发生具有密切的关系。组蛋白脱乙酰酶抑制剂通过增加细胞内组蛋白的乙酰化程度,调节多种基因的表达水平,抑制肿瘤细胞的增殖、诱导细胞分化和凋亡。该文从抑制细胞增殖、诱导细胞分化、诱导细胞凋亡和抗血管形成等4个方面介绍组蛋白脱乙酰酶抑制剂的抗癌机制,并简要介绍它们的分类。     

组蛋白去乙酰化酶11的免疫调控功能及其在免疫相关疾病中的作用研究进展

组蛋白乙酰化是一种重要的表观遗传修饰,受到组蛋白乙酰转移酶和组蛋白去乙酰化酶的动态调节。组蛋白去乙酰化酶11 (histone deacetylases 11, HDAC11)是IV类HDAC的唯一成员,能够催化组蛋白和非组蛋白赖氨酸残基去乙酰化并具有去脂酰化活性。HDAC11与免疫细胞的成熟、分化和功能密切相关,多数研究显示HDAC11通过负调控IL-10和上调促炎细胞因子发挥免疫激活作用,但HDAC11也负调控中性粒细胞和T细胞的功能,发挥免疫抑制作用。最近报道HDAC11在炎症反应、肿瘤免疫、移植免疫、自身免疫疾病中发挥重要作用,是免疫治疗的重要靶点。该文就HDAC11的生物学特性、免疫调控功能、在免疫相关性疾病中的作用及其抑制剂开发的最新研究进展作一综述。     

组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂的研究进展

核小体是真核生物染色质的基本单位,通过对组蛋白核心的N-端的乙酰化、甲基化、磷酸化、遍在蛋白化的修饰作用而影响细胞的功能。组蛋白乙酰化酶(histone acetylase HAT)及组蛋白去乙酰化酶(Histone Deacetylases HDAC)之间的动态平衡控制着染色质的结构和基因表达。当组蛋白去乙酰化水平增加,乙酰化水平相对降低,即会导致正常的细胞周期与代谢行为的改变而诱发肿瘤,及神经退行性变。组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂(Histone Deacetylases-inhibitor HDACi)目前是国内外研究的热点。其中,曲古霉素A(Trichostatin A TSA),是最早发现的天然组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂;伏立诺他(Suberoylanilide Hydroxamic Acid SAHA)已经美国FDA批准用于治疗皮肤T细胞淋巴瘤。本文就HDACi分类及其功能出发综述HDACi的作用机制及研究进展。     

组蛋白乙酰化／去乙酰化作用与真核基因转录调控

核小体组蛋白的翻译后修饰是真核基因转录调控中的关键步骤。对于组蛋白的这类修饰方式 ,近年来研究最为活跃的是组蛋白Ｎ末端区域保守的Ｌｙｓ上ε ＮＨ 3 的乙酰化作用。随着各种组蛋白乙酰化酶 /去乙酰化酶被克隆、鉴定 ,组蛋白乙酰化 /去乙酰化作用与真核基因转录调控之间的关系也开始逐步得以阐明。1 .真核转录相关的组蛋白乙酰化酶和组蛋白去乙酰化酶1 .1　组蛋白乙酰化酶 (ｈｉｓｔｏｎｅａｃｅｔｙｌｔｒａｎｓ ｆｅｒａｓｅ ,ＨＡＴ)　　核小体组蛋白中Ｎ末端区域上保守的Ｌｙｓ的乙酰化是染色质具有转录活性的标志之一。在组蛋白…     

组蛋白去乙酰化酶4与人类疾病

组蛋白去乙酰化酶4（histone deacetylase 4,HDAC4）是一类依赖锌的去乙酰化酶,属于Ⅱ类组蛋白去乙酰化酶（histone deacetylases,HDACs）,主要具有去乙酰化酶的活性。HDAC4由去乙酰化酶结构域发挥去乙酰化酶的作用,还具有核定位序列和核输出序列,通过转录后与翻译后水平的修饰可在细胞核和细胞质之间穿梭,进而参与多种调节过程。近年来的研究发现,HDAC4可参与基因的转录调控、细胞凋亡、代谢等诸多生物进程,在多种疾病的发生发展中发挥重要作用。本文主要从HDAC4的结构、去乙酰作用、自身的修饰及其在核浆中的穿梭作用对其进行概述,同时对其在骨关节炎、心血管疾病、肌萎缩性侧索硬化症等不同疾病中的作用、相关的分子机制及组蛋白抑制剂在肿瘤中的应用等方面的研究进展进行综述。     

组蛋白去乙酰化酶4与人类疾病北大核心CSCD

组蛋白去乙酰化酶4(histone deacetylase 4,HDAC4)是一类依赖锌的去乙酰化酶,属于Ⅱ类组蛋白去乙酰化酶(histone deacetylases,HDACs),主要具有去乙酰化酶的活性。HDAC4由去乙酰化酶结构域发挥去乙酰化酶的作用,还具有核定位序列和核输出序列,通过转录后与翻译后水平的修饰可在细胞核和细胞质之间穿梭,进而参与多种调节过程。近年来的研究发现,HDAC4可参与基因的转录调控、细胞凋亡、代谢等诸多生物进程,在多种疾病的发生发展中发挥重要作用。本文主要从HDAC4的结构、去乙酰作用、自身的修饰及其在核浆中的穿梭作用对其进行概述,同时对其在骨关节炎、心血管疾病、肌萎缩性侧索硬化症等不同疾病中的作用、相关的分子机制及组蛋白抑制剂在肿瘤中的应用等方面的研究进展进行综述。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒研究进展

传染性法氏囊病(Infection bursal disease, IBD)是由鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus, IBDV)引起的鸡和火鸡的一种高度接触性传染病,给世界各国的禽养殖业带来了巨大损失.自IBDV发现至今新的变异株不断出现,分子结构的改变导致病毒致病力的改变及宿主对疫苗应答的改变,使得传统的疫苗已不能控制其流行,因此各国学者对其基因组结构和功能进行了广泛深入的研究,并积极研制新型有效的疫苗以达到防治的目的.     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.