利用CRISPR/Cas9系统构建人HPRT1基因定点突变细胞株

Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase1 (HPRT1)基因突变会导致次黄嘌呤和鸟嘌呤代谢异常,严重的代谢障碍被称为Lesch-Nyhan综合征,表现为智力低下,行为上出现强迫性自我毁伤,并伴随痛风或肾结石等症状。HPRT1基因具有多种突变模式,近年来对其突变谱的研究表明该基因具有一些"突变热点"。本研究选取了导致翻译提前终止的热点突变c.508CT突变和c.151CT突变,在HEK293T和HeLa细胞中,以单链寡核苷酸(single-stranded oligo-deoxyribonucleotides, ssODN)作为同源重组模板,利用CRISPR/Cas9技术构建了这两种突变的单克隆细胞株,发生定点突变的效率分别为16.3%和10%。进一步通过Westernblot检测点突变的单克隆细胞的HPRT1蛋白表达水平,通过6-TG毒性实验检测点突变的单克隆细胞的次黄嘌呤/鸟嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶活性,结果表明纯合突变的单细胞克隆不能正常表达HPRT1蛋白,其次黄嘌呤/鸟嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶活性丧失;杂合突变的单细胞克隆的HPRT1蛋白表达量降低,仍具有部分次黄嘌呤/鸟嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶活性。HPRT1基因定点突变细胞模型的建立可为今后建立其他HPRT1基因突变的细胞系或动物模型提供借鉴,为研究Lesch-Nyhan致病机制提供基础。     

日本血吸虫中国株次黄嘌呤鸟嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶的克隆、表达及其免疫保护性研究

根据基因库中日本血吸虫次黄嘌呤鸟嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶 (HGPRT) EST (BU803192) 以及日本血吸虫成虫cDNA文库载体λgt11多克隆位点邻近核苷酸序列设计引物,以日本血吸虫成虫cDNA文库为模板,采用锚式PCR对SjHGPRT基因不完整的3′端和5′端进行扩增、测序,用电子软件拼接,获得SjHGPRT全长cDNA (1 270 bp),经序列分析,推断该片段含有编码SjHGPRT基因的完整阅读框,其编码基因与曼氏血吸虫次黄嘌呤鸟嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶 (SmHGPRT) 全长编码基因碱基一致性为82%,其理论推导的氨基酸组成与曼氏血吸虫次黄嘌呤鸟嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶的一致性约为83%. 将其编码基因克隆到表达载体pQE30上,在大肠杆菌M15中获得准确、高效表达,表达产物分子质量约为28 ku. 用日本血吸虫成虫抗原免疫血清对表达产物进行蛋白质印迹检测,在预测位置上出现明显的识别条带. 重组蛋白动物免疫保护性结果显示：在虫荷、每克肝卵、每克粪卵和雌子宫内卵数方面,疫苗组与对照组比较差异均具有显著性 (P < 0.05,P < 0.01). 结果表明,日本血吸虫次黄嘌呤鸟嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶 (SjHGPRT) 全长cDNA成功克隆并在大肠菌中得到表达,表达产物具有良好的抗原性和动物免疫保护效果,是一种潜在的具有部分免疫保护性的抗血吸虫病疫苗候选分子.     

家蚕细胞色素P450基因Bmcyp6u1的克隆、序列分析与表达谱

细胞色素P450第6亚家族基因为昆虫所特有,与抗性相关。为了检测家蚕Bombyx mori cyp6u1基因是否与耐氟性相关,首先克隆了cyp6u1基因。采用生物信息学方法获得与黑腹果蝇Drosophila melanogaster cyp6u1基因同源的家蚕B. mori cyp6u1基因序列, 预测该序列的开放阅读框（ORF）为1 476 bp, 编码491个氨基酸, 推定的蛋白质分子质量为56.15 kD, 等电点为9.23。以家蚕5龄第3天幼虫精巢cDNA为模板, 设计特异引物PCR扩增出一条约1 500 bp的条带, 大小与家蚕cyp6u1序列的ORF预测值接近, 命名为Bmcyp6u1基因（GenBank登录号：HM130560）。同源性分析表明, Bmcyp6u1基因与蜜蜂Apis mellifera的同源基因cyp6AS13的相似性为56%, 与拟南芥Arabidopsis thaliana的cyp72A82的相似性为48%, 与人Homo sapiens的cyp3A7基因的相似性为50%。芯片数据分析表明, Bmcyp6u1基因在家蚕5龄第3天幼虫各组织表达量很低, 只在精巢组织(5龄第3天)稍有表达, 推测该基因具有组织特异性。     

3,5,2',4'-四羟基查尔酮对小鼠尿酸及尿酸合成相关酶基因的影响

用氧嗪酸钾诱导高尿酸血症动物模型,对化合物3,5,2',4'-四羟基查尔酮(P40)的降尿酸作用及尿酸合成相关酶基因进行研究。用磷钨酸法测定小鼠血清尿酸水平,用RT-PCR测定脑组织中次黄嘌呤鸟嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶(HGPRT)、肝脏中的磷酸核糖焦磷酸合成酶(PRPS)和磷酸核糖焦磷酸酰胺转移酶(PRPPAT)mRNA的表达水平。结果表明:灌胃给予高尿酸血症小鼠P40 2、4、8 mg/kg和阳性对照药别嘌醇1 mg/kg,共给药5次,每天2次,均显著降低血清尿酸水平(P0.05,0.01),具有显著的降尿酸作用;但对HGPRT、PRPS、PRPPAT的mRNA表达水平无明显影响。     

基于线粒体DNA COⅡ基因的亚洲玉米螟中国不同地理种群遗传分化及基因流研究

本文通过对中国亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée)17个地理种群的线粒体COⅡ基因进行序列分析, 对中国亚洲玉米螟种群间的遗传分化程度和基因流水平进行了初步研究。在获得的413条序列样本中共发现了34个变异位点、35种单倍型。总体单倍型多样性指数Hd为0.811, 种群内单倍型多样度在0.424~0.862范围内。17个种群间的平均基因流(Nm)为2.02。总群体的固定系数Fst为0.234。AMOVA分子方差分析结果表明中国玉米螟的遗传分化主要来自种群内部(76.45%)。各种群的Tajima’s D值中性检验符合中性突变, 说明中国亚洲玉米螟在历史上没有出现群体扩张, 群体大小稳定。各地理种群的遗传距离与地理距离间不具有显著的相关性。各地理种群中的单倍型在系统发生树上散布在不同的分布群中, 缺乏明显的地理分布格局。     

蜕皮激素诱导下家蚕CYP3基因家族的表达变化

为了研究家蚕Bombyx mori CYP3家族基因经蜕皮激素诱导后的表达变化, 用蜕皮激素溶液（2×10^-3 μg/μL）浸泡的桑叶喂食家蚕B. mori 5龄幼虫, 以不用蜕皮激素处理的桑叶喂食家蚕为对照, 采用双跟踪标定定量PCR（dual-spike-in qPCR）方法, 检测在蜕皮激素诱导下家蚕中肠和脂肪体内CYP3基因家族的转录水平。结果表明: 与对照相比, 在蜕皮激素诱导下家蚕幼虫体内脂肪体中CYP302, CYP306和CYP339的转录水平分别上升了191.4, 7.4和421倍, 在中肠中变化不显著; 其余基因转录水平变化不明显或检测不到转录活性。结果说明CYP339基因有可能参与家蚕蜕皮激素的代谢, 这为进一步研究P450基因与内源物质的关系提供理论基础。     

用人DNA介导的基因转移修复中国仓鼠细胞的HPRT缺陷

 中国仓鼠卵巢细胞(CHO-K1)经N-甲基-N'-硝基-N-亚硝基胍(MNNG)诱变和6-巯基鸟嘌呤(6-TG)选择,得到稳定的次黄嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶(HPRT)缺陷细胞株,酶活性仅为野生型的6.5％。用磷酸钙共沉淀法和电脉冲法向HPRT-细胞转移人宫颈癌细胞(HeLaS_3)基因组DNA,纠正了CHO细胞的HPRT缺陷。酶活性提高了6.9倍,达到野生型的45％。用Alu序列探针进行分子杂交,证实经过基因转移并连续传代15次以上的受体细胞中含人DNA序列。表明人的有关基因已稳定地整合到CHO细胞的染色体中。     

次黄嘌呤-鸟嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶突变体的基因构建、表达和性质

通过对我国嗜热菌Thermoanaerobactertengcongensis中次黄嘌呤 鸟嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶 (HGPRT)三维结构进行同源模建 ,设计出HGPRT的突变体K1 33A、K1 33S和K1 33T。用抗性筛选法 ,对HGPRT的基因进行了定点突变 ,并实现了在大肠杆菌中的高效表达。野生型HGPRT及其突变体K1 33A、K1 33S和K1 33T的催化动力学研究表明 ,HG PRT突变体改变并扩大了底物专一性 ,具有催化嘌呤类似物的活性。     

麻疹疫苗诱发中国仓鼠卵巢细胞(CHO-K_1)染色体畸变和基因突变的研究

实验证明,麻疹病毒及其疫苗可诱发染色体畸变。近年来,病毒活疫苗诱变性的研究由细胞水平深入到基因水平,已经发现脊髓灰质炎疫苗和流感疫苗可诱发中国仓鼠细胞(V79)HGPRT位点突变,但有关麻疹疫苗的研究,还未见报道。本实验以中国仓鼠卵巢细胞(CHO)次黄嘌呤——鸟嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶位点突变检测系统(CHO/HGPRT)检测国产麻疹疫苗的诱变性,为麻疹疫苗遗传安全性的认识提供依据。     

Nucleotide sequence of a cDNA clone coding for an intestinal-type fatty acid binding protein and its tissue-specific expression in zebrafish (Danio rerio)

We have cloned a cDNA from zebrafish (Danio rerio) that contains an open-reading frame of 132 amino acids coding for a fatty acid binding protein (FABP) of approximately 15 kDa. Multiple sequence alignment revealed extensive amino acid identity between this zebrafish FABP and intestinal-like FABPs (I-FABP) from other species. The zebrafish I-FABP cDNA hybridized to single restriction fragments of total zebrafish genomic DNA digested with the restriction endonucleases PstI Bg/II or EcoRI suggesting that a single copy of the I-FABP gene is present in the zebrafish genome. An oligonucleotide probe complementary to the zebrafish I-FABP mRNA hybridized to an mRNA of approximately 800 bases in Northern blot analysis. In situ hybridization revealed that the I-FABP mRNA was expressed exclusively in the intestine of the adult zebrafish.     

黄鳝性腺高表达的核糖体蛋白基因

采用高密点阵技术从黄鳝雄性性腺cDNA文库中获得8个克隆,序列分析和BLAST结果显示它们编码的蛋白质分别与40S核糖体蛋白S4,S9,S16,S17,S20和60S核糖体蛋白L7, L18a,L29高度同源。 根据黄鳝RP蛋白序列和其他物种的相应同源序列构建ML系统发生树,显示核糖体蛋白基因在进化中高度保守。核糖体蛋白基因不仅可作为分子进化分析的有利工具,而且从它们的表达模式显示RP基因除具有看家基因的功能外,很有可能参与包括性腺分化等过程的发育调控。Abstract: 8 cDNA clones have been isolated from a cDNA library prepared from swamp eel testies by macroarray. DNA sequence analysis and database search showed that they encode 8 proteins which are highly homologous to 40S ribosomal proteins S4,S9,S16,S17,S20 and 60S riobosomal proteins L7, L18a,L29. Phylogenetic trees (ML) based on ribosomal protein genes from swamp eel and other organisms has been reconstructed, which showed that ribosomal protein genes were highly conserved during evolution. These results suggested that ribosomal protein genes as house keeping genes may play roles in developmental regulation such as sexual differentiation and can also be used as markers for the study of molecular evolution.     

Structure and developmental expression of hatching enzyme genes of the Japanese eel<Emphasis Type="Italic"> Anguilla japonica</Emphasis>: an aspect of the evolution of fish hatching enzyme gene

We isolated seven cDNA clones from embryos of the Japanese eel Anguilla japonica. Each deduced amino acid sequence consisted of a signal peptide, a propeptide and a mature enzyme portion belonging to the astacin protease family. A phylogenetic analysis showed that the eel enzymes resembled the high choriolytic enzyme (HCE) of medaka Oryzias latipes, and the hatching enzymes of the zebra fish Danio rerio and masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou. Hatching enzymes of these teleosts belonged to the group of the medaka HCE, and not the medaka low choriolytic enzyme (LCE), another hatching enzyme of medaka. Southern blot analysis showed that the genes of the eel hatching enzymes were multicopy genes like the medaka HCE genes. However, one of the eel hatching enzyme genes comprised eight exons and seven introns, and the exon-intron organization was similar to the medaka LCE gene, which is a single-copy gene. The molecular evolution of the fish hatching enzyme genes is discussed. In addition, whole-mount in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry showed that the eel hatching enzyme was first expressed in the pillow anterior to the forebrain of early neurula, and finally in the cell mass on the yolk sac of later stage embryos. The early differentiation profile of eel hatching gland cells was similar to that of medaka, masu salmon and zebrafish, whereas the final location of the gland cells was different among fishes.Edited by N. Satoh     

Nucleotide sequence of cDNA clones coding for a brain-type fatty acid binding protein and its tissue-specific expression in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio)

We have determined the nucleotide sequence for two cDNA clones coding for a fatty acid binding protein (FABP) from zebrafish (Danio rerio). Comparison of the sequence with GenBank entries revealed extensive amino acid identity between this zebrafish FABP and brain FABPs (B-FABP) from other species. The zebrafish B-FABP cDNA hybridized to single restriction fragments of total zebrafish genomic DNA digested with the restriction endonucleases BglII or EcoRI suggesting that a single copy of the B-FABP gene is present in the zebrafish genome. Northern blot analysis demonstrated that the zebrafish B-FABP mRNA is approximately 850 nucleotides in length. In situ hybridization revealed that the B-FABP mRNA was expressed in the periventricular gray zone of the optic tectum of the adult zebrafish brain.     

Cloning and Characterization of Replication Protein A p32 Complementary DNA in Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Replication protein A (RPA) is a heterotrimeric single-stranded DNA-binding protein (70, 32, and 14 kDa) that is an essential component of the DNA replication fork. A complementary DNA encoding zebrafish RPA 32-kDa subunit was isolated by screening a zebrafish embryo lambda APII cDNA library with a human RPA p32 cDNA probe. The zebrafish RPA p32 cDNA consisted of 1097 bp encoding 272 amino acid residues. The deduced amino acid sequence shows high similarity to mouse and human RPA p32. In vitro phosphorylation of zebrafish RPA protein by Cdc2 kinase was shown. A recombinant protein of zebrafish RPA p32 containing a short histidine tag at the NH(2)-terminus was overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) pLys using an inducible T7 expression system, and was purified by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. In this article, cloning of the zebrafish RPA p32 cDNA is reported in relation to the study of DNA replication in fish.     

Isolation of epidermal cells and cDNA cloning of TNF decoy receptor 3 of conger eel, Conger myriaster

By using EDTA and a trypsin solution, we established a method for isolating the epidermal cells of the conger eel, Conger myriaster. We then identified TNF decoy receptor (DcR) cDNA in the species from a suppression subtractive hybridization library prepared from the epidermal cells stimulated with LPS. The full-length cDNA of conger TNF DcR (conDcR) consisted of 1479 base pairs, and the protein comprised 286 amino acid residues. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that conDcR was clustered into a DcR3 branch. ConDcR is likely to act as an important immune-regulating factor in inhibiting the apoptosis-inducing effect of TNF in the skin of conger eel.