UBAP1 基因真核表达载体的构建 及对人鼻咽癌细胞生长的影响

为研究鼻咽癌相关新基因 UBAP1 的功能,探讨其对鼻咽癌细胞生长特性的影响,构建了 UBAP1 真核表达载体并转染到鼻咽癌细胞株 HNE1 中,借助细胞生长曲线、软琼脂集落形成试验、裸鼠接种和流式细胞计数方法对转染细胞的生物学行为进行了检测 . 结果显示, UBAP1 基因转染细胞生长速度明显减慢,在软琼脂中集落形成率较对照组显著下降,裸鼠接种试验显示, UBAP1 基因转染细胞 HNE1 生长速度受到抑制,流式细胞计数分析发现, UBAP1 基因表达升高能延缓细胞由 G0-G1 期进入 S 期 . 因此, UBAP1 基因的表达有助于 HNE1 恶性表型的逆转,初步证明 UBAP1 是一个鼻咽癌相关的抑瘤基因 .     

基于单细胞转录组的视网膜母细胞瘤进展特征分析

视网膜母细胞瘤（retinoblastoma,RB）是婴幼儿最常见的眼内恶性肿瘤。在RB进展过程中的关键致病因素目前尚不十分清楚。因此,识别与RB进展密切相关的基因能为病情诊断及基因治疗提供重要信息。然而,肿瘤组织具有很强的细胞异质性,不同病理状态下的细胞,其功能及基因表达都可能呈现显著的差异。本研究从公共基因表达数据库（gene expression omnibus,GEO）下载了1例4个月肿瘤患者和1例2年患者的肿瘤及癌旁组织的单细胞转录组测序数据,从单细胞水平解析不同患病时长的RB肿瘤转录图谱,鉴定与RB进展有潜在关联的细胞亚群及基因集。结果显示,肿瘤组织与癌旁组织在单细胞转录图谱上具有整体的一致性,但视锥前体G1期细胞群、G2期细胞群以及小胶质细胞群在肿瘤与癌旁组织中的分布比例存在明显差异。进一步分析了这3种细胞群在RB肿瘤进展过程中的作用。研究发现,在RB肿瘤的早期阶段,视锥前体细胞在G1期异常增殖,随着RB肿瘤的进展,视锥前体G2期细胞比例显著增加。同时,RB进展过程的小胶质细胞群差异分析结果显示,主要参与免疫应答的关键基因包括RPL23、B2M、HLA家族基因。本研究可为RB发病机制及进展研究提供更多新视角和数据资源。     

视网膜母细胞瘤基因1(RB1)研究进展

视网膜母细胞瘤基因1(Retinoblastoma1,RB1)是人类第一个分离克隆的抑癌基因。RB1基因是细胞周期的负调控因子,通过与转录因子结合调节细胞增殖和分化所需基因的表达,从而维持细胞生长发育的平衡。因此,该基因的功能与细胞周期、细胞衰老、细胞凋亡、细胞分化和生长抑制等有关。文章对RB1基因的结构、表达及其功能的研究进展进行了综述。     

循环素可能是致癌凶手

科学家已发现成视网膜细胞瘤(RB)和骨肉瘤发生的原因之一:癌细胞中的两拷贝RB基因都有缺陷。然而,对RB基因产物(pRB)进行研究,发现循环素(Cyclins,以前只知其在细胞循环过程中起关键作用)的阴暗面,即,循环素有可能是压制pRB以及其它肿瘤抑制蛋白的罪魁,从而导致各种细胞恶化,包括RB。遗传了缺陷型RB基因的孩子,到十几岁的时候,其罹患RB肿瘤和骨肉瘤的概率远大于常人。目前,每2万名儿童中就有一人患RB瘤;而骨肉癌的概率比这个数字高出3～5倍。     

WT1—与发育有关的肿瘤抑制基因

肾母细胞瘤(或称Wilms’瘤,简称WT)是一种较为常见的儿科实体瘤,发病率约为1/10,000,分散发性和家族性两种肿瘤类型。该肿瘤发生于肾脏,肿瘤细胞类型既包括未分化或芽基细胞,又包括基质及上皮成分。这几种细胞的相对比例有个体差异,有的显示出组织学亚型。流行病学和遗传学分析揭示WT的发生与肿瘤抑制基因的失活有关。与视网膜母细胞瘤(RB)类似,WT在具有对该疾     

真核mRNA 3'非翻译区的肿瘤抑制功能和表达调控

最近几年来,关于真核mRNA 3'UTR在肿瘤细胞恶性表型抑制中作用的研究, 取得了非常令人鼓舞的进展. 目前已经发现,3'UTR参与一些已知的癌基因和抗癌基因的功能调控; 一些抗癌基因的失活来源于其3'-UTR的结构变化;而且又发现了一些基因的3'UTR在转染恶性细胞后表现抗癌基因活性. 此外,3'UTR在mRNA表达调控中的作用也已研究得更加深入.现将最近几年来在这一领域的一部分研究进展情况,作一简单综述     

真核mRNA 3′非翻译区的肿瘤抑制功能和表达调控

最近几年来,关于真核mRNA 3′UTR在肿瘤细胞恶性表型抑制中作用的研究, 取得了非常令人鼓舞的进展. 目前已经发现,3′UTR参与一些已知的癌基因和抗癌基因的功能调控; 一些抗癌基因的失活来源于其3′-UTR的结构变化;而且又发现了一些基因的3′UTR在转染恶性细胞后表现抗癌基因活性. 此外,3′UTR在mRNA表达调控中的作用也已研究得更加深入.现将最近几年来在这一领域的一部分研究进展情况,作一简单综述.     

真核mRNA3′非翻译区的肿瘤抑制功能和表达调控

最近几年来 ,关于真核mRNA 3′UTR在肿瘤细胞恶性表型抑制中作用的研究 ,取得了非常令人鼓舞的进展 .目前已经发现 ,3′UTR参与一些已知的癌基因和抗癌基因的功能调控 ;一些抗癌基因的失活来源于其 3′ UTR的结构变化 ;而且又发现了一些基因的 3′UTR在转染恶性细胞后表现抗癌基因活性 .此外 ,3′UTR在mRNA表达调控中的作用也已研究得更加深入 .现将最近几年来在这一领域的一部分研究进展情况 ,作一简单综述     

人肝癌细胞株QGY—7703的p53基因及其表达研究

本文利用等位基因分析,ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ,ＲＴ－ＣＰＲ／序列分析,Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ印迹,免疫组织化学,Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ印迹,免疫沉淀等方法对人肝癌细胞株ＱＧＹ－７７０３的Ｐ５３基因背景进行了研究,发现１７号染色体短臂可能存在等位基因缺失,在Ｐ５３基因的编码序列上没有发现任何突变,但发现其ｍＲＮＡ和蛋白表达水平很低,表明在ＱＧＹ－７７０３细胞中Ｐ５３基因的低水平表达可能同细胞的恶性程度有关。     

人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）致癌机制研究进展

人乳头瘤病毒（Human Papillomavirus,HPV）在人群中广泛传播,能引起皮肤和黏膜的异常增生,某些型的感染与生殖道恶性病变关系密切。HPV在致癌过程中,E2基因通常整合到宿主细胞基因组内,E2基因的失活和E5基因对EGFR的干预都能引起E6、E7基因过表达,E6、E7蛋白分别通过抑制p53、pRb基因的活性,从而激活人细胞端粒酶基因（hTERT）的转录,引起细胞分化异常,导致正常细胞癌化。HPV致癌是一个多因素、多步骤的渐进过程,其中协同因素也发挥重要作用。随着研究的深入,HPV的致癌机制越来越受到国内外研究者的重视,对HPV致癌机制的探索也逐渐成为研究热点。     

Regulation of retinoblastoma protein functions by ectopic expression of human cyclins.

The retinoblastoma susceptibility gene (RB) product, the retinoblastoma protein (pRb), functions as a regulator of cell proliferation. Introduction of the RB gene into SAOS-2 osteosarcoma cells, which lack functional pRb, prevents cell cycle progression. Such growth-suppressive functions can be modulated by phosphorylation of pRb, which occurs via cell cycle-regulated kinases. We show that constitutively expressed cyclins A and E can overcome pRb-mediated suppression of proliferation. pRb becomes hyperphosphorylated in cells overexpressing these cyclins, and this phosphorylation is essential for cyclin A- and cyclin E-mediated rescue of pRb-blocked cells. This suggests that G1 and S phase cyclins can act as regulators of pRb function in the cell cycle by promoting pRb phosphorylation.     

DNA tumor virus oncoproteins and retinoblastoma gene mutations share the ability to relieve the cell's requirement for cyclin D1 function in G1

The retinoblastoma gene product (pRB) participates in the regulation of the cell division cycle through complex formation with numerous cellular regulatory proteins including the potentially oncogenic cyclin D1. Extending the current view of the emerging functional interplay between pRB and D-type cyclins, we now report that cyclin D1 expression is positively regulated by pRB. Cyclin D1 mRNA and protein is specifically downregulated in cells expressing SV40 large T antigen, adenovirus E1A, and papillomavirus E7/E6 oncogene products and this effect requires intact RB-binding, CR2 domain of E1A. Exceptionally low expression of cyclin D1 is also seen in genetically RB-deficient cell lines, in which ectopically expressed wild-type pRB results in specific induction of this G1 cyclin. At the functional level, antibody-mediated cyclin D1 knockout experiments demonstrate that the cyclin D1 protein, normally required for G1 progression, is dispensable for passage through the cell cycle in cell lines whose pRB is inactivated through complex formation with T antigen, E1A, or E7 oncoproteins as well as in cells which have suffered loss-of-function mutations of the RB gene. The requirement for cyclin D1 function is not regained upon experimental elevation of cyclin D1 expression in cells with mutant RB, while reintroduction of wild-type RB into RB-deficient cells leads to restoration of the cyclin D1 checkpoint. These results strongly suggest that pRB serves as a major target of cyclin D1 whose cell cycle regulatory function becomes dispensable in cells lacking functional RB. Based on available data including this study, we propose a model for an autoregulatory feedback loop mechanism that regulates both the expression of the cyclin D1 gene and the activity of pRB, thereby contributing to a G1 phase checkpoint control in cycling mammalian cells.     

Pivotal role of the RB family proteins in in vitro thyroid cell transformation

Rat thyroid differentiated cells (PC Cl 3) are an excellent model system with which to study the interaction between differentiation and cell transformation. We previously demonstrated that PC Cl 3 cells expressing the adenovirus E1A gene no longer depend on thyrotropin for growth and do not express thyroid differentiation markers. Here we show that an E1A mutant unable to bind the RB protein failed to transform the PC Cl 3 cells. Conversely, mutations in the E1A p300 interacting region did not affect its transforming ability. The pivotal role of RB family proteins in the thyroid cell transformation is supported by the thyrotropin independence induced by the E7 gene of human papilloma virus type 16, but not by a mutated form in the RB-binding region.     

Pivotal Role of the RB Family Proteins in in Vitro Thyroid Cell Transformation

Rat thyroid differentiated cells (PC Cl 3) are an excellent model system with which to study the interaction between differentiation and cell transformation. We previously demonstrated that PC Cl 3 cells expressing the adenovirus E1A gene no longer depend on thyrotropin for growth and do not express thyroid differentiation markers. Here we show that an E1A mutant unable to bind the RB protein failed to transform the PC Cl 3 cells. Conversely, mutations in the E1A p300 interacting region did not affect its transforming ability. The pivotal role of RB family proteins in the thyroid cell transformation is supported by the thyrotropin independence induced by the E7 gene of human papilloma virus type 16, but not by a mutated form in the RB-binding region.