一段难以忘怀的美好时光

正王文采院士是著名的传统植物分类学家。他主要研究毛茛科、苦苣苔科、紫草科、荨麻科等的分类和系统学,新发现了20个属,约500个新种,修订了毛茛科翠雀属、唐松草属、铁线莲属等多个属的分类系统;同时在对苦苣苔科的分类和系统学研究中,揭示了科的演化趋势,建立了后蕊苣苔属、吊石苣苔属和小花苣苔属的分类系统。我和他的相知相识就缘自"植物分类"这个专业媒介。事情可以追溯到1961年,那     

毛茛科铁线莲属的叶表皮特征及其系统学意义

用光学显微镜和扫描电镜,较全面地观察了铁线莲属(Clematis)植物和邻近类群的叶表皮特征,并对其系统学意义进行了讨论.在光学显微镜下,观察了铁线莲属12组63种5变种及其同族邻近类群3属9种;在扫描电镜下,观察了铁线莲属7组27种2变种及其邻近类群2属6种植物的成熟叶表皮细胞及气孔器的特征.在光学显微镜下可见:叶表皮细胞形状(表面观)为多边形、不规则形,垂周壁式样为较平直、浅波状和波状,气孔器普遍存在于下表皮,少数种的上表皮也有分布,其类型均为无规则型.在扫描电镜下可见:叶片通常具有条纹或有颗粒状或鳞片状附属物,气孔器外拱盖内缘通常为浅波状或近平滑.在黄花铁线莲组(sect. Meclatis (Spach) Tamura)和灌木铁线莲组(sect. Fruticella Tamura)中,叶表皮具有双面气孔器的特征对于组下亚组的划分有一定意义.并且叶表皮特征对于一些种的分类学处理也有一定的价值,同时也为属下组间的系统进化关系提供了一些线索.     

毛茛科铁线莲属的叶表皮特征及其系统学意义(英文)

用光学显微镜和扫描电镜 ,较全面地观察了铁线莲属 (Clematis)植物和邻近类群的叶表皮特征 ,并对其系统学意义进行了讨论。在光学显微镜下 ,观察了铁线莲属 12组 6 3种 5变种及其同族邻近类群 3属 9种 ;在扫描电镜下 ,观察了铁线莲属 7组 2 7种 2变种及其邻近类群 2属 6种植物的成熟叶表皮细胞及气孔器的特征。在光学显微镜下可见 :叶表皮细胞形状 (表面观 )为多边形、不规则形 ,垂周壁式样为较平直、浅波状和波状 ,气孔器普遍存在于下表皮 ,少数种的上表皮也有分布 ,其类型均为无规则型。在扫描电镜下可见 :叶片通常具有条纹或有颗粒状或鳞片状附属物 ,气孔器外拱盖内缘通常为浅波状或近平滑。在黄花铁线莲组 (sect.Meclatis (Spach)Tamura)和灌木铁线莲组 (sect.FruticellaTamura)中 ,叶表皮具有双面气孔器的特征对于组下亚组的划分有一定意义。并且叶表皮特征对于一些种的分类学处理也有一定的价值 ,同时也为属下组间的系统进化关系提供了一些线索     

毛莨科铁线莲属的叶表皮特征及其系统学意义

用光学显微镜和扫描电镜,较全面地观察了铁线莲属（Clematis)植物和邻近类群和叶表皮特征,并对其系统学意义进行了讨论。在光学显微镜下,观察了铁线莲属12组63种5变种及其同族邻近类群3属9种;在扫描电镜下,观察了铁线莲属7组27种2变种及其邻近类群2属6种植物的成熟叶表皮细胞及气孔器的特征,在光学显微镜下可见：叶表皮细胞形状（表面观）为多边形、不规则形,垂周壁式样为较平直,浅波状和波状,气孔器普遍存在于下表皮,少数种的上表皮也有分布,其类型均为无规则型,在扫描电镜下可见：叶片通常具有条纹或有颗粒状或鳞片状附属物,气孔器外拱盖内缘通常为浅波状或近平滑。在黄花铁线莲组（sect.Meclatis(Spach)Tamura)和灌木铁线莲组（sect.Fruticella Tamura)中,叶表皮具有双面气孔器的特征对于组下亚组的划分有一定意义。并且叶表皮特征对于一些种的分类学处理也有一定的价值,同时也为属下组间的系统进化关系提供了一些线索。     

湖北铁线莲属的区系特征及地理分布

在查阅文献和标本采集鉴定的基础上,确认湖北铁线莲属(Clematis L．)有37种14变种。对湖北铁线莲属的区系地理进行了分析。铁线莲属的分布中心在中国的亚热带地区,在中国范围内云南和四川分布的种类最多(包括变种),然后以此为中心向四周的分布逐渐减少。湖北铁线莲属大部分种类分布在鄂西山区。湖北铁线莲属的地理成分以中国特有分布为主,中国特有成分占湖北种类总数的68．6％。区系的性质是温带性的。根据毛茛科最原始的类群金莲花亚科Subfam．Helleboroideae起源中心的推测和铁线莲属古老类群的分布,推测铁线莲属起源于中国西南地区,并以此解释湖北铁线莲属区系和周围省份铁线莲属区系的关系。     

我国铁线莲属植物研究进展

摘要:系统介绍了国内铁线莲属植物在系统分类、种质资源、发育生物学、细胞染色体学、植物生理学、育种学、引种驯化及繁殖、栽培学方面的研究情况,提出在铁线莲属植物资源收集与保存、新品种培育方面进一步研究的重点。 关键词：铁线莲属;研究进展     

铁线莲属21个类群的染色体核型分析

铁线莲属(Clematis L.)为毛茛科大属之一,具有重要的园艺与药用价值。为探讨铁线莲属植物染色体组演化规律,揭示属下组间及种间的亲缘关系,该研究采用常规压片法对铁线莲属21个类群的根尖进行处理、压片,对染色体的形态特征进行观察及核型分析,同时利用Ward联接法进行聚类分析研究。狭裂太行铁线莲、毛果扬子铁线莲、卷萼铁线莲、中印铁线莲、钝萼铁线莲的染色体形态为首次报道。结果表明:铁线莲属21个类群均为二倍体,染色体数均为16(2n=2x=16),除中印铁线莲外其他类群均具随体;长瓣铁线莲、钝萼铁线莲、芹叶铁线莲、褐毛铁线莲、C.flammula、毛果扬子铁线莲的染色体为“2B”型,其他类群染色体为“2A”型;铁线莲属核型不对称系数在60.29%~63.79%之间;铁线莲属植物染色体组表现的较为原始,种间核型存在广泛变异。综上结果表明,铁线莲属植物染色体数目应由二倍体向多倍体演化后通过多倍体的二倍化过程产生非整倍体方向演化。铁线莲属染色体的演化主要在二倍体水平上进行,通过产生染色体结构变异的方式实现,通过产生杂合染色体、加强核型不对称性、染色体类型改变以及随体染色体的变化四种途径进化。同时,核型特征在分组水平与物种水平上的划分与传统分类基本一致,说明核型分析可为铁线莲属下组一级分类提供一定的线索。该研究结果为铁线莲属植物系统分类、遗传演化与资源利用等研究领域提供了新的参考资料。     

分支系统学简介

分支系统学是本世纪70年代以来发展起来的一个新的系统学派。本文扼要地介绍了分支系统学的创立、历史和发展,分支系统学的基本概念、特征分析法以及分支系统学的广泛应用给现代生物系统学所带来的广泛影响和冲击。     

分支系统学简介

分支系统学是本世纪70年代以来发展起来的一个新的系统学派。本文扼要地介绍了分支系统学的创立、历史和发展,分支系统学的基本概念、特征分析法以及分支系统学的广泛应用给现代生物系统学所带来广泛影响和冲击。     

蓝藻的分子系统学研究

藻类分子系统学是一门新兴的学科。介绍了蓝藻分子系统学的发展、定义和蓝藻分子系统学的研究方法,并举例说明了各种方法的应用。同时,对蓝藻分子系统学发展前景作出了展望。     

莲幼苗的胚根发育及其筛分子研究

报道了莲无初生根型幼苗的胚根发育过程,其胚根由分生组织转化成贮藏组织,致使胚根不突破种皮;莲幼苗初生维管系统中的筛分子为筛管分子。莲的子叶和胚根连为一体的特殊结构与其生活环境和系统演化密切相关。     

Pollen and anther development in Nelumbo (Nelumbonaceae)

The Nelumbonaceae are a small family of aquatic angiosperms comprising Nelumbo nucifera and Nelumbo lutea. Historically, the genus has been considered to be closely related to Nymphaeales, however new systematic work has allied Nelumbo with lower eudicots, particularly Platanus. In recent years, studies of pollen development have contributed greatly to the understanding of phylogenetic relationships, but little has been known about these events in Nelumbo. In this paper, pollen and anther development are morphologically described for the first time in N. lutea. A comprehensive ontogenetic sequence is documented, including the sporogenous tissue, microspore mother cell, tetrad, free spore, and mature pollen grain stages. The deposition of a microspore mother cell coat and callose wall, the co-occurrence of both tetrahedral and tetragonal tetrads, the formation of a primexine in tetrads, and primexine persistence into the late free spore stage are shown. The majority of exine development occurs during the free spore stage with the deposition of a tectate-columellate ectexine, a lamellate endexine, and an unusual granular layer below and intermixed with the endexine lamellae. A two-layered intine forms rapidly during the earliest mature pollen stage. Major events of anther development documented include the degradation of a secretory-type tapetum during the free spore stage and the rapid formation of U-shaped endothecial thickenings in the mature pollen grain stage. The majority of mature pollen grains are tricolpate, however less common monosulcate and diaperturate grains also develop. Co-occurring aperture types in Nelumbo have been suggested to be an important transition in angiosperm aperture number. However, aperture variability in Nelumbo may be correlated with the lateness of aperture ontogeny in the genus, which occurs in the early free spore stage. This character, as well as other details of pollen and anther ontogeny in Nelumbo, are compared to those of Nymphaeales and Platanus in an effort to provide additional insight into systematic and phylogenetic relationships. Although Nelumbo is similar to both groups in several characters, the ontogenetic sequence of the genus is different in many ways.     

Comparative Leaf Anatomy of Nymphaeaceae (s. l.)

Leaf anatomy of six genera was investigated. The petiole of Brasenia schreberi possesses a pair of bundles, the other five possess closed, scattered vascular bundles, resembling those of the Monocotyledons. True vessels are absent. Air passages are present in the ground tissue of the petiole except for Nuphar pumilum. Leaves are all dorsiventral. Stomatal apparatuses of the Ranunculaceous type are generally confined to the upper surface of the lamina, but fewer stomata are found on the lower surface of the lamina of Nelumbo nucifera. The stomatal apparatuses of Nelumbo nucifera are of the Haplocheilic type in development, but of the Ranunculaceous type at maturity. Hydathodes and sclerenchymatous idioblasts are present only in Nelumbo nucifera. Glandular hairs and hydropotens occur on the lower surface of the lamina in all the investigated species except Nelumbo nucifera. Astrosclereids are present in all the taxa except Brasenia schreberi and Nelumbo nucifera. According to observations we consider that the genus Brasenia is a primitive one in Nymphaeaceae and it has a close phylogenetic relationship with Cabomba. They may be treated as an independent family, Cabombaceae, which is better included in the order Nymphaeales. Nymphaea, Nuphar, Euryale and Victoria are closely related to one another and should be retained in the family Nymphaeaceae. Nelumbo shows, specialized features distinct from those of the rest of the Nymphaeaceae. It should be segregatednot only as a distinct family but also as a distinct order, Nelumboales.     

应用SRAP标记对莲藕资源的聚类分析

利用一种新的分子标记SRAP技术对17个莲藕品种进行了DNA多态性分析。选取7对引物扩增基因组DNA,共获得168条带,其中159条为多态性条带,每对引物平均提供24个标记信息。由UPMGA方法得到的聚类分析结果表明了17个品种间的遗传关系:(1)亚洲莲与美洲莲之间有明显的差异;(2)在亚洲莲内部,藕莲和花莲有明显的遗传分化,在花莲内部亚洲莲与美洲莲的杂交后代和其它花莲品种之间存在明显的差异;(3)SRAP标记是作分子图谱的好标记,但很难区分遗传关系较近的品种。     

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Nelumbo Accessions Based on EST SSR Markers

EST-SSR markers were applied to estimate the genetic diversity for 30 accessions of Nelumbo nucifera, 6 accessions of Nelumbo lutea and 14 hybrids between these two species. The 52 of 123 EST SSR markers (423%) were screened and then applied to amplify the 50 Nelumbo accessions. A total of 177 alleles were identified, and the number of alleles per locus and Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) value varied from 2 to 8 with an average of 34 alleles and from 063 (NNFB 1059) to 091 (NNFB 750) with an average value of 079, respectively. Jaccard similarity coefficients of the amplification results were analyzed by NTSYS pc2.11 software and the genetic similarity coefficient was from 024 to 086. The clustering dendrogram constructed by UPGMA method indicated that 50 accessions of Nelumbo could be divided into four major groups at the similarity coefficient of 037. Group I and group II included Nnucifera; group III included the majority of Asian American lotus hybrids; and group IV included Nlutea. In addition, the Asian American hybrids were closer to Nnucifera based on genetic relationship, which is consistent with the traditional classification result and the previous reports.     

A study on annual changes in surface cover of floating-leaved plants in a lake using aerial photography

A simple method of aerial photography was used to investigate annual and between-year changes in surface cover of the floating-leaved plants, Nymphoides peltata, Nelumbo nucifera and Trapa natans, in natural stands in Lake Kasumigaura. Oblique photographs of vegetation were taken with a 35-mm camera with real color film from airplanes between 1983 and 1989. Vegetation maps were traced on the positions after projective transformation to vertical photography. The distribution of the stand of Nymphoides peltata seemed to be restricted to a region of less than 1.5 m water depth. A rise of 1.0 m in the water level after a typhoon in 1986 caused a subsequent decrease in vegetation area of Nelumbo nucifera. The vegetation recovered in shallower regions after one year in 1987. The expansion rate of Nymphoides peltata and Nelumbo nucifera in one direction was in the range 3.8–10.0 m yr^-1 and 4.1–20.8 m yr^-1, respectively. Nelumbo nucifera, Nymphoides peltata and Trapa natans, having high leaf biomass to total biomass may therefore be more vulnerable to large flood and waves. Fluctuation in water level and spatial difference in water depth may also be important factors determining the vegetation area and survival of Nymphoides peltata, Nelumbo nucifera and Trapa natans.     

The Structure of the Plumule of Nelumbo Nucifera Gaertn. and the Nature of its Scale

The structure of the plumule of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. and its feature covered with scale are seldom seen in dicotyledon. The fact that the plumule possesses scale is even more uncommon. This particular phenomenon is investigated by observing the differentiation of the plumule apex and the development of the leaf organs. After the seed is formed, the embryo has two young leaves and a terminal bud covered with scale. In the bud it has already differentiated the 3rd and the 4th leaf primordium and a shoot apex, the differentiation of which is very complex. So the structure of the plumule passes through 4 plastochrons altogether. It is made clear through observation and analysis that, before the 4th leaf primordium is formed, the transforma- tions of the shoot apex of the embryo in each plastochron are fundamentally alike. After the 4th leaf primordium is developed, the shoot apex becomes complex and there appear 3 different active cell regions which become the bases of vegetative bud of the seeding apex. The development of these 3 active cell regions will be stated in “The Structure of the Vegetative Bud of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. and the Nature of its Scales.” The apices of the plumule are almost slightly domed in structure. As a rule, their width is from 95 to 107 μ. Their height is from 17 to 20 μ during one plastochron. Before the 3rd leaf initiation, the anatomical structure of apices is examined and the fol- lowing zones may be delimited: zone of tunica initials, zone of corpus initials, peripheral zone, and zone of rib meristems. It is frequently observed that the cell of corpus in subapical peripheral zone develops periclinal division, which is the initial cell of leaf primordium; Procambium will appear before the stage of the appearance of leaf buttress. The apex of the plumule is in an apical position, but when the seedling is formed, as the developing leaves are alternate, the directions of the shoot apex are changed, simultaneously the base part of the leaf encloses the axis, and the adaxial meristem also differentiates the scale which encloses the terminal bud, thus placing the bud in axillary of the leaf and forming a zigzag phenomenon of the axis of the seedling. Above the basal adaxial side of the leaf primordium develops the scale of the plumule with meristem periclinal division of closely attached protoderm as its base. So the scale of the plumule of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. and the axillary stipule are of the same origin. To sum up, the scale of the embryo of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. is differentiated from the adaxial meristem of the basal part of the leaf primordium, and is the derivative part of the leaf. It has the same function as the coleoptile of the monocotyledon. Whether they are homologous organs or not is still to be investigated.     

保安湖莲群丛分布格局分形特征的初步研究

应用非线性科学中的分形几何理论,以保安湖扁担塘湖汊中的莲群丛为对象,研究该群丛小尺度水平格局的分形特征。主要应用计盒维数和信息维数公式计算群丛中莲种群和菱种群的个体分布格局的分维值,莲的计盒维数为1.92,信息维数为1.88;菱的计盒维数为1.04,信息维数为1.11.表明在采样区莲的空间占有程度远大于菱,是该时期的优势种,而菱则成为伴生种。莲在各尺度上的分布较均匀。最后讨论了莲的分维值在连续样方上的变化。       

中国莲的偶线期核型分析

本研究建立了中国莲偶线期染色体的核型,为研究莲的减数分裂过程及分子细胞遗传学研究提供基础。     

Prokaryotic communities adapted to microhabitats on the Indian lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) growing in the high-altitude urban Dal Lake

International Microbiology - Indian lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) is one of the dominant aquatic plants cultivated in Dal Lake, situated at 1586 m above mean sea level (MSL) in the northeast of...