微卡对支气管哮喘Th1/Th2类细胞因子失衡的调节作用

目的 探讨微卡对哮喘ThⅠ/Th2类细胞因子失衡的调节作用.方法 选取确诊的轻中度哮喘40例,所有患者深部肌肉注射微卡22.5μg,每2周1次,共8周,并在治疗前、治疗后1月、2月分别抽取静脉血3 ml检测IFN-γ和IL-4水平（ELISA法）.结果 微卡治疗后1月即可纠正失衡的IFN-γ/IL-4,其中以治疗后2月作用较明显,且未见明显的药物不良反应.结论 微卡通过调节失衡的Th1/Th2平衡而达到抗气道炎症作用,可作为哮喘的防治药物.     

双歧杆菌对过敏性哮喘儿童树突状细胞分泌IL-10、IL-12等细胞因子的影响

目的探讨双歧杆菌对过敏性哮喘儿童外周血单核细胞（PBMC）来源的树突状细胞（DC）分泌IL-1β、IL-6、IL-10、IL-12、IL-23和IFN-γ的影响。方法从15例过敏性哮喘儿童和15例非哮喘儿童的外周血单个核细胞诱导生成未成熟DC,加入双歧杆菌后继续培养DC2d,用ELISA方法检测培养上清中IL-1β、IL-6、IL-10、IL-12、IL-23和IFN-γ的水平。结果双歧杆菌能明显刺激哮喘儿童DC分泌IL-12、IFN-γ,IL-1β及IL-6和非哮喘儿童DC分泌IL-12、IL-10、IL-1β及IL-23水平增高。结论双歧杆菌能够刺激过敏性哮喘儿童DC分泌IL-12和IFN-γ,可能改变Th2优势分化,纠正Th1／Th2失衡。同时双歧杆菌还能刺激哮喘儿童DC分泌IL-1p及IL-6增高,达到促进,Th17细胞分化的作用。     

小青龙汤、射干麻黄汤及其合方并用对大鼠哮喘模型血清IL-4/INF-γ影响的实验研究

目的:观察小青龙汤、射干麻黄汤及其合方并用对大鼠哮喘模型血清IL-4/INF-γ的影响。方法:将健康雄性SD大鼠共90只,随机分为6组。每组15只,采用卵蛋白致敏及激发的方法制作大鼠哮喘模型。用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法检测各组大鼠血清中IFN-γ和IL-4的浓度。结果:哮喘模型对照组血清中IFN-γ的含量明显低于正常对照组(P<0.05),而血清IL-4的含量明显高于前者(P<0.05),存在着严重的IFN-γ/IL-4比例的失衡;与哮喘模型对照组相比较,各药物治疗组均可不同程度的上调IFN-γ并下调血清IL-4的水平;这其中尤以合方并用组的作用最为显著。结论:小青龙汤及射干麻黄汤对哮喘动物模型的免疫失衡均有调节作用,二者合用其调节作用更为显著。     

哮喘豚鼠IFN-γ／IL-4失衡与IgE水平相关性研究

采用ELISA法、放免法和化学发光法分别观察哮喘豚鼠血清及肺组织匀浆中IFN-γ,IL-4,IgE的含量变化,以及IFN-γ/IL-4与IgE的相关性在哮喘发病机制中的关系和作用。结果表明:哮喘组血清及肺组织一浆中IL-4,IgE含量明显高于对照组(P<0.01),IFN-γ水平明显低于对照组(血清P<0.01;肺组织 P<0.05)。直线相关分析结果表明:IFN-γ,IL-4和IFN-γ/IL-4与IgE呈显著相关性,其中IFN-γ/IL-4与IgE呈显著负相关(血清中 P<0.05;肺组织匀浆中 P<0.01),提示IFN-γ/IL-4的失衡及IgE水平升高在哮喘发病中可能发挥重要作用。     

参一胶囊联合贝伐单抗治疗晚期卵巢癌提高患者免疫功能的临床观察

该文旨在探讨参一胶囊联合贝伐单抗治疗晚期卵巢癌的短期疗效及对外周血Th1/Th2类细胞因子的影响。采用随机数表法,把在该院治疗的88例晚期卵巢癌患者分为治疗组和对照组,每组44例。两组采取紫杉醇联合顺铂化疗。对照组于化疗结束后1 h予贝伐单抗。治疗组在对照组基础上加用参一胶囊。9周后,比较两组短期疗效、不良反应、外周血Th1和Th2细胞水平以及血清干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)、白细胞介素-2(IL-2)、IL-4、IL-10水平。通过比较发现,治疗组短期总有效率显著高于对照组而白细胞减少、血小板减少发生率明显少于对照组(P0.05);治疗后,治疗组Th1、Th1/Th2及血清IFN-γ、IL-2水平显著高于对照组, Th2及IL-4、IL-10水平显著少于对照组(P0.01)。该研究证实,参一胶囊联合贝伐单抗治疗晚期卵巢癌可提高短期疗效并能降低化疗带来的部分不良反应,其疗效可能与调节患者体内Th1/Th2类细胞因子有关。     

低分子肝素钙对子痫前期大鼠炎性细胞因子的影响

探讨低分子肝素钙对子痫前期大鼠炎性细胞因子的影响。将Wistar大鼠随机分为A组、B组、C组和D组共4组(n=10),A组和B组大鼠均在妊娠2周后连续5 d注射剂量为200 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)的L-NAME,此后,A组连续5 d注射剂量为50μg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)的低分子肝素钙注射液,B组连续5 d注射0.5 m L/d生理盐水。C组大鼠为正常妊娠组,妊娠2周后连续10 d注射0.5 m L/d生理盐水。D组大鼠为非妊娠对照组,用药过程中注射0.5 m L/d生理盐水。通过ELISA、免疫组化、荧光定量PCR、Western blotting检测各组大鼠外周血、胎盘、肾脏和脾脏中IFN-γ、IL-2、IL-4和IL-6炎性细胞因子水平的变化。结果显示,B组IFN-γ和IL-2在外周血、胎盘、肾脏和脾脏的表达水平明显高于C组,而IL-4和IL-6的表达水平均明显低于C组(p0.05);A组IFN-γ和IL-2的表达水平均明显低于B组,且IL-4和IL-6表达水平与B组相比,其表达水平明显升高(p0.05)。本研究所建立的动物模型可使Th1/Th2发生Th1方向漂移,可以用来模拟子痫前期的免疫失衡;低分子肝素钙可明显抑制促炎性细胞因子的分泌,促进抗炎细胞因子的分泌,可使Th1/Th2的平衡向Th2方向漂移,从而表现出良好的抗炎作用。     

皮下免疫治疗联合沙美特罗替卡松粉吸入剂对中度支气管哮喘缓解期患儿血清Th1/Th2相关细胞因子表达水平的影响

摘要 目的：探讨皮下免疫治疗联合应用沙美特罗替卡松粉吸入剂治疗中度支气管哮喘缓解期患儿的临床疗效及对Th1/Th2相关细胞因子表达水平的影响。方法：选取南方医科大学佛山市妇幼保健院2020年1月～2020年12月收治的中度支气管哮喘缓解期120例患儿,按随机分组原则分为观察组和对照组各60例。对照组予以沙美特罗替卡松粉吸入剂（舒利迭）治疗,早上及晚上各吸1次。观察组在对照组的基础上给予皮下免疫治疗,进行12个月疗程的治疗。对比两组患儿支气管哮喘发作次数以及临床控制率、肺功能变化。检测两组患儿血清Th1相关细胞因子[白细胞介素-2（IL-2）、γ干扰素（IFN-γ）]和Th2相关细胞因子[白细胞介素-4（IL-4）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）]水平。结果：与治疗前相比,两组患儿治疗6月及治疗12个月后发作次数均显著降低（P＜0.05）,且观察组患儿哮喘发作的次数低于对照组（P＜0.01）;治疗12个月后,观察组患儿的临床控制率显示为90%,显著高于对照组的66.67％（P＜0.05）。治疗6个月后、治疗12个月后,观察组患儿的第1 秒呼气流速（FEV₁）占正常预计值百分比（FEV₁%）及呼气峰流速（PEF）占正常预计值百分比（PEF%）均显著高于对照组（P＜0.01）;而与治疗6个月后相比,两组治疗12个月后上述2项指标均显著升高,且观察组明显高于对照组（P＜0.01）。治疗12个月后,两组患儿血清IL-2、IFN-γ水平均显著升高,且观察组明显高于对照组（P＜0.01）;而两组血清IL-4、IL-6水平均显著下降,且观察组明显低于对照组（P＜0.01）。结论：皮下免疫治疗联合沙美特罗替卡松粉（舒利迭）治疗中度支气管哮喘缓解期患儿的临床疗效确切,患儿支气管哮喘发作次数明显减少,肺功能改善明显,其作用机制可能与调节Th1/Th2相关细胞因子平衡有关。     

三氧化二砷对MRL/Ipr狼疮鼠IFN-γ、IL-4表达和Th1/Th2平衡的影响

探讨三氧化二砷(ATO)对MRL/Ipr狼疮鼠IFN-γ、IL-4表达和Th1/Th2平衡的影响.将发病早期和晚期的MRL/Ipr狼疮鼠分别接受ATO、环磷酰胺(CTX)和生理盐水(NS)治疗2个月,然后用ELISA法测血清中IFN-γ、IL-4的浓度和抗ds-DNA抗体水平及四色流式细胞术测脾脏CD3 (T)细胞、CD3 CD4 (Th)细胞、CD3 CD4 IFN-γ IL-4-(Th1)细胞和CD3 CD4 IL-4 IFN-γ(Th2)细胞的百分率,从而研究ATO对MRL/lpr狼疮鼠IFN-γ、IL-4表达和Th1/Th2平衡的影响.发现给药后,3、5月龄ATO组MRL/lpr狼疮鼠血清抗ds-DNA抗体水平明显下降(P<0.05),其血清IFN-γ和IL-4浓度、Th1、Th2和CD3 细胞百分率均低于相应月龄的NS组(P<0.05),且NS组中5月龄组Th1/Th2值较3月龄组显著升高(P=0.003),而在ATO组中差异无统计学意义(P=0.187).因此,研究显示ATO能显著降低发病早期和发病晚期的MRL/lpr狼疮鼠血清抗ds-DNA抗体的水平,可抑制T细胞和Th细胞增生和活化功能,降低IFN-γ和IL-4的血清水平和细胞诱生水平,并在一定程度上逆转发病晚期的MRL/lpr狼疮鼠的Th1偏移.     

类风湿关节炎大鼠血清Th1/Th2水平及意义

目的:初步探讨类风湿关节炎大鼠免疫功能紊乱的机制。方法:采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测类风湿关节炎大鼠血清中Th1细胞分泌的细胞因子IFN-γ和Th2细胞分泌的细胞因子IL-4的水平。结果:类风湿关节炎大鼠血清中IFN-γ的水平与正常组相比明显升高(p<0.01),IL-4的水平明显降低(p<0.01)。结论:在类风湿关节炎大鼠血清中Th1/Th2细胞分泌的细胞因子水平存在着明显失衡,两者以Th1细胞分泌细胞因子占优势,这可能与其发病机制密切相关。     

益肾平喘合剂防治小鼠支气管哮喘的作用机理研究

目的:探讨医院制剂益肾平喘合剂防治小鼠支气管哮喘的作用机制。方法:采用卵白蛋白(OVA)腹腔注射致敏与雾化吸入激发制作哮喘模型,观察益肾平喘合剂对小鼠支气管的气道炎症、BALF上清液相关细胞因子(IFN-γ,IL-4)和血浆氧自由基的影响。结果:益肾平喘合剂的干预治疗能显著降低哮喘小鼠BALF中炎性细胞总数及EOS数量;BALF上清液中IFN-γ水平明显升高,IL-4水平显著下降;降低血浆中MDA含量,使得GPx、SOD的含量趋于正常。结论:益肾平喘合剂可能通过抑制气道炎症,调整Th1/Th2型细胞因子平衡,清除体内过多的氧自由基,从而起到防治哮喘的作用。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.     

Composition and diversity of bird communities in Swedish farmland–forest mosaic landscapes

CapsuleThe amount of forest (at local and landscape scales) and occurrence of residual habitats at the local scale are shown to be the major factors influencing bird community composition in farmland–forest landscapes in central Sweden.

Aims To investigate the importance of local habitat and landscape structure for breeding birds in farmland–forest landscapes in central Sweden.

Methods Breeding birds were censused at 292 points. A detailed habitat mapping was made within 300 m of the points. Within a 300–600 m radius only two major habitats (forests and arable fields) were identified.

Results Cluster analyses of bird communities identified three site types that also differed in habitat composition: (i) partially forested sites in forested landscapes; (ii) heterogeneous sites with residual habitats in mosaic landscapes; and (iii) field-dominated farmland sites in open landscapes. A total of 19 of 25 farmland bird species (restricted to farmland or using both farmland and forest) had the highest abundance in farmland sites with mosaics of forest and farmland, while only six farmland species had the highest abundance in field-dominated sites. The bird community changed from being dominated by farmland species to being dominated by forest species (common in forest landscapes without farmland) at small proportions (10–20%) of forest at the local scale. A major difference in habitat composition between heterogeneous and field-dominated sites was the occurrence of different residual habitats (e.g. shrubby areas and seminatural grasslands). These habitats seemed to influence bird community composition more than land-use, despite covering <10% of the area. Seminatural grasslands were important for bird community composition and species-richness, but grazing seemed to be less important. Among different land-use types, cereal crops were the least preferred fields. Set-asides with tall vegetation and short rotation coppices were positively associated with species-richness of farmland birds.

Conclusion In general, the composition of the landscape was important for bird community composition, although amount and distribution of forests, occurrence of residual habitats and land-use of fields at the local scale had the strongest influence on bird community composition. The possible implications of these patterns for managing farmland–forest landscapes are discussed.     

Chemical constituents from the fruits of Rhus typhina L. and their chemotaxonomic significance

This work describes the isolation and characterization of twenty-nine compounds from the fruits of Rhus typhina L., including eleven flavonoids (1–11), eleven phenols (12–22), two pentacyclic triterpenes (23–24), two organic acids (25–26), one lumichrome (27), one courmarin (28) and one pyrimidine (29) on the basis of their spectroscopic data. Compounds apigenin (1), daidzein (4), orobol (5), 3′, 5, 5′, 7-tetrahydroxyflavanone (6), naringenin (7), butein (8), (-)-catechin (9), quercetin-3-O-α-L-(3″-O-galloyl)-rhamnoside (11), 2-hydroxybenzoic acid (13), 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (14), vanillin (15), methyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (16), 3,5-dihydroxybenzamide (18), tyrosol (19), caffeic acid (20), 3-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propan-1-one (21), phlorizin (22), friedelin (23), oleanolic acid (24), 4,4-dimethyl-heptanedioic acid (25), anthranilic acid (26), lumichrome (27), scoparone (28) and uracil (29) have not been recorded before in this plant. This is the first report on the occurrence of compounds 4–7, 9, 11, 13–14, 16, 18–21, 25–29 from the genus Rhus. Moreover, the chemotaxonomic significance of these isolated compounds was also summarized.