赤链蛇Sox基因的克隆及序列分析

参照人SRY基因HMG-box保守区的序列,设计一对兼并引物,采用PCR技术扩增了赤链蛇的Sox基因,并对扩增产物进行了克隆和测序,结果在雌雄个体中共筛选出三个Sox基因,其中有一个为雌雄共有,显示出性别差异性;三个Sox基因编码的氨基酸序列与人相应SOX3,SOX4,SOX22基因的相似性分别为96%,98%,96%。显示出Sox基因在进化上的高度保守性,本文为赤链蛇的性别决定机制研究提供了分子资料。     

中华绒螯蟹两个Sox基因HMG－box的克隆及测序

参照人SRY基因HMG-box保守区的序列设计一对兼并引物,PCR扩增中华绒螯蟹的Sox基因,并对扩增产物进行了克隆和测序。结果表明：在雌雄性个体中筛选出两个不同的Sox基因ESSox3和ESSox22,尽管中华绒螯蟹属甲壳类动物,但所测序列ESSox3和ESSox22的DNA序列和编码的氨基酸序列与人相应SOX基因的相似性分别为84%,85%和97%,81%,表明该基因在进化上具高度的保守性。本研究为探索中华绒螯蟹的性别决定机制以及Sox基因的进化提供了分子资料。     

虎斑颈槽蛇Sox基因的克隆及测序

参照人SRY基因HMG-box保守区序列设计一对兼并引物,PCR扩增虎斑颈槽蛇的Sox基因,采用SSCP技术筛选阳性克隆,并对其进行了测序。结果表明：在雌雄个体中共筛选出3个Sox基因,其中一个为雄性独有,显示出性别差异性,3个Sox基因DNA序列及编码的氨基酸序列与人相应SOX3,SOX11,SOX22基因的相似性分别为91%,92%,91%和98%,96%,96%。显示出高度的保守性,实验结果为虎斑颈槽蛇的性别决定机制研究提供了分子资料。     

黑斑蛙3个Sox基因HMG-box区的序列分析

参照人SRY基因HMG-box保守区的序列,设计一对兼并引物,扩增了黑斑蛙Sox基因并对扩增产物进行了克隆及测序.结果在雌雄个体中共筛选出三个不同的Sox基因,rnSox3,rnSox21,rnSox4其序列与人相应SOX基因的相似性分别为86%、82%、83%,与人类相应SOX基因编码氨基酸的一致性分别为94%、93%、78%.本研究为探索黑斑蛙的性别决定机制提供了分子资料.     

饰纹姬蛙7个Sox基因的克隆及序列分析

采用简并PCR技术,扩增了饰纹姬蛙Sox基因的HMG-box保守区,结果显示其长度和人SRY基因扩增片段大小一致,为220bp左右,且雌雄无差异.经SSCP分析,获得了7个基因(MoSox1、MoSox2a、MoSox2b、MoSox4a、MoSox4b、MoSox12a和MoSox12b),并与进化地位不同的其他动物相关的Sox基因进行了聚类分析.为蛙类性别决定机制的探讨和SOX基因的进化保守性分析提供了分子资料.     

两种泥鳅中Sox基因的检出

性别决定基因SRY都具有一个高度保守的基因序列——HMG-box,编码Sox蛋白,在胚胎发育过程中起重要作用。本文利用两种引物检测了泥鳅和大鳞副泥鳅的Sox基因。第一对引物特异扩增人类SRY基因的保守区。在扩增泥鳅的基因组DNA时可见长度分别为200、550、940和1000bp的四条扩增带。在大鳞副泥鳅中可以扩增出200、550、900bp三条带(Fig.1)。Southem杂交表明200和550bp两条带可以和SRY基因探针杂交(Fig．2)。第二对引物是兼并引物,可以特异扩增Sox基因的HMG-box区域。以基因组DNA为模板可以在大鳞副泥鳅中扩增出220、550、700和1500bp四条带(Fig．3);而在泥鳅中则为220、530、570乖1500bp四条带(Fig.4)。PCR产物的长度差异被认为是由于部分Sox基因的HMG-box区域中存在着内含子。没有发现性别特异扩增带。以上结果说明哺乳动物与性决定有关的组分在脊椎动物中是广泛存在的。但这些组分在鱼类中是否与性决定有关,或仅是哺乳动物性决定因子的进化前体尚不得而知。无论如何广泛深入研究鱼类的Sox基因对于揭示性决定系统和因子的进化方式是十分有意义的。     

虎纹蛙四个Sox基因的克隆及序列分析

参照人SRY基因HMG－box保守区的序列,设计一对兼并引物,扩增了虎纹蛙的Sox基因,并对扩增产物进行了克隆和测序。结果在雌雄个体中共筛选出四个不同的Sox基因,其序列与人相应SOX基因的相似性分别为92％、94％、985和98％。本研究为探索虎纹蛙的性别决定机制提供了分子资料。     

两种蛙Sox基因的PCR-SSCP分析

采用PCR技术,以参考人SRI,基因HMG-box的保守区序列而设计一对特异引物,扩增了黑斑蛙和金线蛙的Sox基因。结果两种蛙的雌雄个体均扩增出217bp的基因片段,与人对照相同。对扩增产物进行SSCP分析显示,两种蛙雌雄个体间的单链迁移率相同,两种蛙之间差异较小,而与人有较大差异。测序表明,两种蛙的Sox序列之间以及与各类物种的Sox基因都有非常高的相似性,充分显示出Sox基因在系统进化上的高度保守性。     

大头蛙Sox基因的克隆与序列分析

参考人SRY基因HMC—box的保守区序列,设计一对特异引物,采用PCR技术扩增了大头蛙的Sox基因,并对扩增产物进行了克隆与测序。结果在雌雄个体中均扩增出217bp的基因片段,与人对照相同。序列分析表明,大头蛙雌雄个体之间Sox序列没有差异,与人SOX基因的同源性达到88％,与其它各类动物的Sox基因也都有非常高的相似性。结果支持Sox基因在进化上十分保守的结论。     

扬子鳄4个Sox基因保守区的克隆及序列分析

参考人SRY基因HMG－box的保守区序列,设计一对简并引物,用PCR扩增了扬子鳄Sox基因的HMG－box,并对PCR产物进行了亚克隆和测序。结果在雌雄个体中均筛选到4个不同的Sox基因,无性别差异。其序列与人相应的SOX基因保守区编码序列的相似性分别为91％、96％、100％、96％,分别命名为AS－Sox1,ASSox2,ASSox11,ASSox22。与其他动物相关的Sox/SOX基因的聚类分析结果表明,扬子鳄Sox基因编码的氨基酸序列与进化位置各异的其他动物的Sox/SOX基因编码的氨基酸序列存在高度的同源性,显示出Sox基因在系统进化上的高度保守性。     

中国大鲵 Dmrt 基因 DM 结构域的克隆及序列分析

Dmrt 基因家族是一个与性别决定相关的基因家族,该家族成员共有一个具有 DNA 结合能力的保守基序-DM 结构域。为了进一步探讨该家族在系统进化中的保守性,本研究通过简并 PCR 技术,扩增并克隆了中国大鲵（Andrias davidianus）基因组中的 DM 结构域。序列分析显示,中国大鲵基因组中存在 Dmrt 基因的 DM 结构域。其核酸序列与猕猴、青鳉、人、小鼠、牛、热带爪蟾相应 Dmrt 基因 DM 结构域的相似性分别为 91%、92%、92%、89%、91%、84%。其蛋白序列与上述物种的相似性均为91%,表现为4个氨基酸的变异。即第 19、34、36 和 45 位的精氨酸分别由半胱氨酸、谷胱酰胺、色氨酸和谷胱酰胺所取代。这些氨基酸的变化对其蛋白总体的三维构型没有显著影响。聚类分析结果表明,不同进化地位物种的 Dmrt 基因 DM 结构域编码序列存在高度的同源性,显示 Dmrt 基因在系统进化上的高度保守。     

乌龟Sox基因的克隆及测序

参照人SRY基因HMG-box保守区的序列,设计1对兼并引物,扩增了乌龟（Chinemys reevesii)的Sox基因,并对扩增产物进行了克隆和测序,结果在雌雄个体中均筛选出4个不同的Sox基因,无性别差异性;其DNA序列和编码的氨基酸序列与人相应的SOX基因的相似性分别为92%、91%、84%、92%和100%、93%、98%、98%,显示出高度的保守性。     

Isolation and sequence analysis of sox genes from lizard Eremias multiocellata

The Sox (SRY-related high-mobility-group box) family of genes shares a conserved HMG box and is involved in a diverse range of developmental processes and sex determination in vertebrates. Twenty Sox genes are present in the genomes of humans and mice, but far less is known about the Sox gene family in reptiles. Using two pairs of highly degenerate primers designed from a multiple alignment of Sox amino acid sequences in several species, different positive clones were obtained from male and female Eremias multiocellata, a viviparous lizard which is subject to TSD (temperature-dependent sex determination). These clones were sequenced and identified. They are members of the SoxB (Sox2, Sox14), SoxC (Sox11, Sox12) and SoxE (Sox9a, Sox9b, Sox10) groups. No sex-specific differences were observed. Based on the amino acid sequence similarities, the phylogenetic analysis was carried out and these genes clustered with their orthologues. In addition, we found the gene duplication in E. multiocellata, it may be a mechanism to produce new functional genes.     

大绿蛙6个Sox基因的克隆及进化讨论

Sox基因家族编码一类转录调控因子,他们参与到个体发育的许多过程,如中枢神经系统的形成、性别分化、骨和淋巴细胞的发育等.许多动物体内都检测到Sox基因,基于序列及其结构特点,Bowles等将其划分为10个族.本文采用简并PCR技术,扩增了大绿蛙Sox基因的HMG-box保守区,经SSCP及序列分析,获得6个基因并分别命名为:RlSox3a、RlSox3b、RlSox3c、RlSox11、RlSox14 和RlSox21.所获序列无性别差异,经系统发生分析发现分属于大绿蛙Sox家族的B 和C 亚族.其中RlSox3基因出现多拷贝,为Sox基因家族进化的DDC(duplication-degeneration-complementation)模式提供了一定的分子证据.结合GenBank中已登录的31个Sox基因氨基酸序列,使用MEGA 3.0软件构建NJ (neighbor-joining) 系统发生树,讨论了Sox基因的系统发生历程.     

Characterisation and expression of Sox9 in the Leopard gecko, Eublepharis macularius

Since the discovery of the sex-determining gene, Sry, a number of genes have been identified which are involved in sex determination and gonadogenesis in mammals. Although Sry is known to be the testis-determining factor in mammals, this is not the case in non-mammalian vertebrates. Sox9 is another gene that has been shown to have a male-specific role in sex determination, but, unlike Sry, Sox9 has been shown to be involved in sex determination in mammals, birds, and reptiles. This is the first gene to be described that has a conserved role in sex determination in species with either chromosomal or environmental sex-determining mechanisms. Many reptiles do not have sex chromosomes but exhibit temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD). Sox9 has been shown to be expressed in both turtle and alligator during gonadogenesis. To determine if Sox9 also has a role in a gecko species with TSD, we studied gonadal expression of Sox9 during embryonic development of the Leopard gecko (Eublepharis macularius). Gecko Sox9 was found to be highly conserved at the nucleotide level when compared to other vertebrate species including human, chick, alligator, and turtle. Sox9 was found to be expressed in embryos incubated at the male-producing temperature (32.5 degrees C) as well as in embryos incubated at the female-producing temperatures (26 and 34 degrees C), Northern blot analysis showed that Sox9 was expressed at both temperatures from morphological stages 31 to 37. mRNA in situ hybridisation on isolated urogenital systems showed expression at both female- and male-producing temperatures up to stage 36. After this stage, no expression was seen in the female gonads but expression remained in the male. These data provide further evidence that Sox9 is an essential component of a testis-determining pathway that is conserved in species with differing sex-determining mechanisms.     

Functional analysis of Sox8 and Sox9 during sex determination in the mouse

Sex determination in mammals directs an initially bipotential gonad to differentiate into either a testis or an ovary. This decision is triggered by the expression of the sex-determining gene Sry, which leads to the activation of male-specific genes including the HMG-box containing gene Sox9. From transgenic studies in mice it is clear that Sox9 is sufficient to induce testis formation. However, there is no direct confirmation for an essential role for Sox9 in testis determination. The studies presented here are the first experimental proof for an essential role for Sox9 in mediating a switch from the ovarian pathway to the testicular pathway. Using conditional gene targeting, we show that homozygous deletion of Sox9 in XY gonads interferes with sex cord development and the activation of the male-specific markers Mis and P450scc, and leads to the expression of the female-specific markers Bmp2 and follistatin. Moreover, using a tissue specific knock-out approach, we show that Sox9 is involved in Sertoli cell differentiation, the activation of Mis and Sox8, and the inactivation of Sry. Finally, double knock-out analyses suggest that Sox8 reinforces Sox9 function in testis differentiation of mice.