肠道非何杰金淋巴瘤与EB病毒感染的相关性研究

目的：研究肠道非何杰金淋巴瘤(NHL)与EB病毒(EBV)感染相关性。方法：利用EBV寡核探针(EBER)原位杂交法检测EB病毒。结果：16例肠道NHL好发部位于小肠下端和结肠,以单发瘤结节多见,常伴有溃疡形成。经免疫组化证实3例为T细胞淋巴瘤(18．75％),13例为B细胞淋巴瘤(81．25％)。：EBV—EBER原位杂交3例有阳性表达,均为T细胞淋巴瘤,阳性细胞占肿瘤细胞的25％～75％。B细胞淋巴瘤未见阳性表达。结论：肠道非何杰金淋巴瘤以B细胞淋巴瘤多发,并以惰性淋巴瘤为多见;而T细胞淋巴瘤多为侵袭性,且与EBV感染的相关性较高,与B细胞淋巴瘤无相关性。     

鼻咽癌化放疗后EBV监测的临床意义

目的探讨鼻咽癌患者化放疗后EBV监测的临床意义。方法采用免疫荧光法检测86例经化放疗达临床治愈的鼻咽癌患者EBV感染状况,进而探讨EBV感染与患者预后的相关性。结果所有22例局部复发和(或)远处转移患者EBV-VCA-IGA均阳性,且均为1∶20阳性以上。结论鼻咽癌患者化放疗达临床缓解后,监测EBV感染状况,对鼻咽癌局部复发和(或)远处转移的早诊早治及预后判断具有积极的临床意义。     

Epstein-Barr病毒相关T/NK细胞淋巴瘤与B细胞淋巴瘤的临床分析

Epstein-Barr病毒(Epstein-Barr virus,EBV)是可导致人类感染的淋巴滤泡病毒,感染非常普遍。本研究通过对2013年1月-2016年12月于复旦大学附属华东医院就诊并确诊为淋巴瘤且伴有EBV感染的49例患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,探讨EBV相关淋巴瘤患者的临床特点及生存情况。结果显示,49例EBV相关淋巴瘤患者中,18例为B细胞淋巴瘤,31例为T/NK细胞淋巴瘤。EBV相关B细胞淋巴瘤与T/NK细胞淋巴瘤患者之间白细胞、血小板、丙氨酸氨基转移酶、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶、乳酸脱氢酶、铁蛋白、纤维蛋白原、红细胞沉降率、C反应蛋白的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。中位随访5.0个月,49例患者的1个月、6个月、1年、3年生存率分别为 84.4%、59.8%、53.2%、40.3%。结果表明,与EBV相关B细胞淋巴瘤患者相比,EBV相关T/NK细胞淋巴瘤患者的肝功能损伤严重,更易合并噬血细胞综合征,生存期更短,但生存期差异无统计学意义。     

LMP-1在胃癌和相应癌旁组织中的表达

目的探讨Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)感染与胃癌发生发展的关系。方法应用免疫组化SP法检测EB病毒潜伏感染膜蛋白-1(LMP-1)在97例胃癌组织及89例相应癌旁组织中表达。结果97例胃癌组织中30例LMP-1蛋白表达阳性,阳性率为30.9%,EBV阳性率与患者性别、浸润深度、淋巴结转移、组织学分型和临床分期之间无明显关系(P>0.05);89例相应癌旁组织中33例检测到EBV LMP-1的表达,胃癌组织及相应癌旁组织EBV阳性表达之间有显著相关性(P=0.000)。结论EBV感染与胃癌的发生有一定的相关性。     

非霍奇金淋巴瘤p73基因甲基化状态及去甲基化再表达的研究

目的:探讨p73基因甲基化状态在非霍奇金淋巴瘤(non-Hodgk in's lymphomas,NHL)患者中的检测意义以及去甲基化干预对p73基因再表达的效果.方法:检测26例非霍奇金淋巴瘤标本中P73基因的表达以及甲基化状态;用不同剂量(4,8μmol/L)去甲基化因子5氮胞苷(5-A za)诱导P 73基因甲基化的淋巴瘤细胞,RT-PCR和MSP-PCR方法测定p73基因的表达以及甲基化状态.结果:p73基因在非霍奇金淋巴瘤中表达显著下降,26例标本中,13例呈阴性(50%),6例表达下降;p73基因外显子1甲基化的发生率为100%;4μmol/L去甲基化因子5氮胞苷(5-A za)在体外即可诱导的淋巴瘤细胞p 73基因去甲基化再表达,8μmol/L 5-Aza效果较4μmol/L更为明显.结论:p 73基因甲基化与非霍奇金淋巴瘤的发病密切相关,去甲基化干预可能为一种可行的临床治疗手段.     

EBV裂解复制周期调控机制研究新进展

EBV与许多恶性疾病包括霍奇金病、伯基特淋巴瘤、鼻咽癌等恶性肿瘤发病有关人类B淋巴细胞是EBV天然宿主,其在宿主细胞中的生活周期分为潜伏感染和裂解感染。EBV潜伏感染时,为逃避宿主细胞的免疫杀伤,仅表达少量基因产物。而在外界条件如化学、物理或宿主细胞分化的刺激下,EBV可由潜伏感染进入到裂解复制(Lytic Replication)感染周期,促进病毒在宿主细胞中播散。根据EBV裂解复制产物出现的时间顺序可将裂解复制周期分为裂解复制立即早期、早期和晚期。1 EBV裂解复制不同时期产物的调控作用     

丙型肝炎病毒通过一氧化氮和活性氧干扰ATM-NBS1/Mre11/Rad50通路从而抑制单核细胞和肝细胞内DNA修复

丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)感染与肝细胞肝癌发生密切相关,推测与非霍奇金B细胞淋巴瘤也有关系。该研究发现,感染HCV患者的外周血单核细胞(PBMC)中存在高频染色体异常,且用HCV体外感染B细胞系     

EB病毒感染与胃癌患者临床病理特征相关性的Meta分析

EB病毒(EPstein-Barr virus, EBV)感染与多种恶性肿瘤的发生相关. 大约10%的胃癌组织细胞中可以检测到EB病毒编码的小RNA(EBERs), 表明EBV感染与部分胃癌的发生相关. 为研究EBV感染与胃癌临床病理特征的相关性, 本研究汇总了EBV相关胃癌的研究论文, 对采用原位杂交方法检测EBV的22篇论文进行了Meta分析. 22篇入选的论文中收集的胃癌病例5475例, 检测到EBV阳性病例411例, EBV阳性率为7.5%. 在EBV阳性胃癌中, 男性检出率为11.1%, 女性检出率为3.0%, 男性检出率相当于女性检出率3倍多; EBV阳性胃癌与阴性胃癌相比具有较少的淋巴结转移; EBV阳性胃癌与癌组织发生部位相关, 并且残胃癌中EBV感染率较高. 依据组织学分型, EBV阳性胃癌弥漫型为8.1%, 肠型为8.0%. 统计分析显示, EBV感染与组织学分型无显著相关性(P＞0.05); 被检标本类型包括存档蜡块和新鲜手术切除组织标本: EBV阳性率分别为7.9%, 6.5%. 统计分析表明, EBV相关胃癌与标本类型无显著相关性(P＞0.05); 在地域分布方面, EBV阳性胃癌检出率美洲为9.4%, 亚洲为6.1%, 欧洲为9.1%, 统计分析显示, EBV相关胃癌与地域分布显著相关(P＜0.05). Meta分析表明, EBV感染仅发生在胃癌组织细胞中, 并且与患者性别、淋巴结转移、肿瘤组织发生部位及地域分布显著相关(P＜0.05), 与患者肿瘤组织学分型、标本类型无显著相关性(P＞0.05). 结果提示, EBV阳性胃癌具有独特的临床病理学特征.     

类风湿性关节炎患者EBV感染情况分析

目的:检测类风湿性关节炎患者血清EBV(Epstein-Barr virus)衣壳抗原IgA抗体(VCA-IgA),分析EBV感染与类风湿性关节炎的相关性.方法:用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测92例确诊为类风湿性关节炎患者和80例体检健康者血清VCA-IgA抗体,分析两组人群EBV VCA-IgA阳性率.结果:类风湿性关节炎患者VCA-IgA抗体阳性率为9.8％(9/92);健康对照组阳性率为2.4％ (2/85)(x2=4.038,P＜0.05).结论:类风湿性关节炎患者血清EBV VCA-IgA抗体检出率明显高于健康对照组,提示部分类风湿性关节炎患者发病与EBV感染有关.     

乙肝病毒感染与B 细胞型非霍奇金淋巴瘤的相关性研究

目的：探讨乙肝病毒（HepatitisB virus, HBV）感染与B细胞型非霍奇金淋巴瘤（B-cell Non-Hodgkin''s Lymphoma,B-cell NHL） 的相关性。方法：回顾性分析2008 年1 月至2014 年1 月我院232 例NHL患者作为研究组,另选取经病理学、影像学等诊断为其 他类型肿瘤的患者230 例作为对照组。比较两组研究对象HAV、HBV及HCV 的感染情况。结果：研究组患者HBsAg阳性率高于 对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;但两组患者Anti-HAV和Anti-HCV 阳性率无明显差异（P>0.05）。B-cell NHL患者HBsAg 阳性率高于对照组和T-cell NHL患者,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。T-cell NHL患者HBsAg阳性率与对照组无显著差异（P>0. 05）。B-cell NHL 年轻患者HBsAg 阳性率高于T-cell NHL患者,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。B-cell NHL 患者Anti-HBs、 HBeAg、Anti-HBe及Anti-HBc阳性率与对照组存在明显差异（P<0.05）;而T-cellNHL患者与对照组无显著差异（P>0.05）。结论：B-cell NHL感染HBV 的几率较高,HBV 感染与B-cell NHL早期发病有明显的关联性。     

Correlation between EBV DNA and rearrangement and expression of Bcl-2 gene in aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

Previous in vitro studies have shown that bcl-2 expression can be induced by transfection of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-negative non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) cell lines with EBV. This induced expression of bcl-2 is important for the long survival of EBV-positive cells and might be a first step in tumorigenesis. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the possibility of similar correlation between bcl-2 expression and EBV infection in vivo in a cohort of patients with aggressive NHL, who were uniformly evaluated and treated with effective chemotherapy. The 42 patients included were 25-65 years old. None had prior treatment, discordant lymphoma, or human immunodeficiency virus seropositivity. Fresh biopsied samples were obtained and stored frozen for analysis of bcl-2 gene rearrangement major break point and of EBV DNA by PCR. Bcl-2 protein expression was estimated by Western blot, and enzyme immunoassay. With a median follow-up of 30 months, overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were measured to determine the prognostic significance of these variables. Analyzable DNA was present in all samples, 24% demonstrating bcl-2 rearrangement and 33% showing EBV DNA. Patients with bcl-2 gene rearrangement tended to have shorter DFS, and OS than patients without translocation. Bcl-2 protein expression was not correlated to gene rearrangement and had no significant influence on survival. The presence of EBV DNA in NHL had no prognostic significance but was correlated to bcl-2 expression. EBV-positive tumors showed higher bcl-2 expression than EBV-negative tumors did. Our results suggest a role of EBV infection in inducing bcl-2 expression as a survival factor for EBV-positive cells.     

Persistent infection by HCV and EBV in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) have been repeatedly associated with risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in studies focusing on serological evidence of infection. We investigated NHL risk in association with detection of HCV-RNA or EBV-DNA in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The study involved 91 NHL cases and 182 controls nested in the Italian branch of the EPIC (European Prospective Investigation of Cancer and nutrition) cohort, which obtained blood samples from 47,749 healthy volunteers between 1993 and 1998 in 5 Italian cities. NHL cases were identified until June 2005 through linkage with records of the Cancer, Mortality, and Hospital Discharge Registries. For all study subjects, we performed viral genome analyses on DNA and RNA extracted from buffy-coats and analysed EBV and HCV antibodies. The odds ratios (ORs) of NHL were 1.2 (95% confidence intervals: 0.4–3.8; 5 exposed cases) for PBMC HCV infection and 1.2 (0.7–2.3; 24 exposed cases) for PBMC EBV infection. Similar OR estimates were found for detection of EBV and HCV antibodies. These null results, although based on a relatively small sample size, suggest that persistent EBV and HCV infection in the PBMC is not a stronger predictor of NHL risk than serological evidence of infection.     

Waveguide model of the hearing aid earmold system

Background

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated to the etio-pathogenesis of an increasing number of tumors. Detection of EBV in pathology samples is relevant since its high prevalence in some cancers makes the virus a promising target of specific therapies. RNA in situ hybridization (RISH) is the standard diagnostic procedure, while polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods are used for strain (EBV type-1 or 2) distinction. We performed a systematic comparison between RISH and PCR for EBV detection, in a group of childhood B-cell Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL), aiming to validate PCR as a first, rapid method for the diagnosis of EBV-associated B-cell NHL.

Methods

EBV infection was investigated in formalin fixed paraffin-embedded tumor samples of 41 children with B-cell NHL, including 35 Burkitt's lymphoma (BL), from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, by in situ hybridization of EBV-encoded small RNA (EBER-RISH) and PCR assays based on EBNA2 amplification.

Results

EBV genomes were detected in 68% of all NHL. Type 1 and 2 accounted for 80% and 20% of EBV infection, respectively. PCR and RISH were highly concordant (95%), as well as single- and nested-PCR results, allowing the use of a single PCR round for diagnostic purposes. PCR assays showed a sensitivity and specificity of 96% and 100%, respectively, with a detection level of 1 EBV genome in 5,000–10,000 EBV-negative cells, excluding the possibility of detecting low-number EBV-bearing memory cells.

Conclusion

We describe adequate PCR conditions with similar sensitivity and reliability to RISH, to be used for EBV diagnostic screening in high grade B-NHL, in "at risk" geographic regions.     

Dithiocarbamates and viral IL-10 collaborate in the immortalization and evasion of immune response in EBV-infected human B lymphocytes

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is implicated in the development of a number of human malignancies including several subtypes of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) [G. Pallesen, S.J. Hamilton-Dutoit, X. Zhou, The association of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) with T cell lymphoproliferations and Hodgkin's disease: two new developments in the EBV Field, Adv. Cancer Res. 62 (1993) 179-239]. Lymphoproliferative disease and NHL occurring in severely immunosuppressed individuals almost always involve EBV and have been extensively studied and modeled in vitro. EBV has also been causally associated with some cases of NHL occurring in otherwise immunocompetent individuals. However, a direct role for EBV in the pathogenesis of neoplasms developing in the presence of an otherwise competent immune system has not been established. We investigated potential interactions between dithiocarbamates (DTC), an important class of thiono-sulfur compounds, and EBV leading to immortalization of human B lymphocytes and evasion of cell-mediated immune response in culture. Primary lymphocyte cultures employing wild-type and recombinant EBV mutants were used to assess the respective roles of DTC and viral genes in lymphocyte transformation and survival. Pretreatment of EBV-infected human B lymphocytes with DTC directly enhanced transformation in the absence of T cells (5 nM) and independently increased survival of transformed cells in the presence of competent autologous T cells (10 nM). Both DTC-induced transformation and immortalization of EBV-infected B lymphocytes were dependent on the expression of viral IL-10. These results provide a biological basis for studying collaborations between chemical and virus that alter lymphocyte biology, and provide a rationale for further molecular epidemiology studies to better understand the potential influence of these interactions on the development of NHL and perhaps other viral-associated malignancies.     

Prognostic Significance of EBV Latent Membrane Protein 1 Expression in Lymphomas: Evidence from 15 Studies

Background

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection has been associated with lymphoma development. EBV latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) is essential for EBV-mediated transformation and progression of different human cells, including lymphocytes. This meta-analysis investigated LMP1 expression with prognosis of patients with lymphoma.

Methods

The electronic databases of PubMed, Embase, and Chinese Biomedicine Databases were searched. There were 15 published studies available for a random effects model analysis. Quality assessment was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale for cohort studies. A funnel plot was used to investigate publication bias, and sources of heterogeneity were identified by meta-regression analysis. The combined hazard ratios (HR) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals of LMP1 expression were calculated by comparison to the overall survival.

Results

Overall, there was no statistical significance found between LMP1 expression and survival of lymphoma patients (HR 1.25 [95% CI, 0.92–1.68]). In subgroup analyses, LMP1 expression was associated with survival in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) (HR  = 1.84, 95% CI: 1.02–3.34), but not with survival of patients with Hodgkin disease (HD) (HR  =  1.03, 95% CI: 0.74–1.44). In addition, significant heterogeneity was present and the meta-regression revealed that the outcome of analysis was mainly influenced by the cutoff value.

Conclusions

This meta-analysis demonstrated that LMP1 expression appears to be an unfavorable prognostic factor for overall survival of NHL patients. The data suggested that EBV infection and LMP1 expression may be an important factor for NHL development or progression.     

Immunosenescence and lymphomagenesis

One of the most important determinants of aging-related changes is a complex biological process emerged recently and called “immunosenescence”. Immunosenescence refers to the inability of an aging immune system to produce an appropriate and effective response to challenge. This immune dysregulation may manifest as increased susceptibility to infection, cancer, autoimmune disease, and vaccine failure. At present, the relationship between immunosenescence and lymphoma in elderly patients is not defined in a satisfactory way.This review presents a brief overview of the interplay between aging, cancer and lymphoma, and the key topic of immunosenescence is addressed in the context of two main lymphoma groups, namely Non Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) and Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL). Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) plays a central role in the onset of neoplastic lymphoproliferation associated with immunological changes in aging, although the pathophysiology varies vastly among different disease entities. The interaction between immune dysfunction, immunosenescence and Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) infection appears to differ between NHL and HL, as well as between NHL subtypes.     

Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus have abnormally elevated Epstein-Barr virus load in blood

Various genetic and environmental factors appear to be involved in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is among the environmental factors that are suspected of predisposing to SLE, based on the characteristics of EBV itself and on sequence homologies between autoantigens and EBV antigens. In addition, higher titers of anti-EBV antibodies and increased EBV seroconversion rates have been observed in SLE patients as compared with healthy control individuals. Serologic responses do not directly reflect EBV status within the body. Clarification of the precise status of EBV infection in SLE patients would help to improve our understanding of the role played by EBV in this disease. In the present study we determined EBV types in SLE patients (n = 66) and normal control individual (n = 63) by direct PCR analysis of mouthwash samples. We also compared EBV load in blood between SLE patients (n = 24) and healthy control individuals (n = 29) using semiquantitative PCR assay. The number of infections and EBV type distribution were similar between adult SLE patients and healthy control individuals (98.5% versus 94%). Interestingly, the EBV burden in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was over 15-fold greater in SLE patients than in healthy control individuals (mean +/- standard deviation: 463 +/- 570 EBV genome copies/3 microg PBMC DNA versus 30 +/- 29 EBV genome copies/3 microg PBMC DNA; P = 0.001), suggesting that EBV infection is abnormally regulated in SLE. The abnormally increased proportion of EBV-infected B cells in the SLE patients may contribute to enhanced autoantibody production in this disease.     

Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus have abnormally elevated Epstein–Barr virus load in blood

Various genetic and environmental factors appear to be involved in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is among the environmental factors that are suspected of predisposing to SLE, based on the characteristics of EBV itself and on sequence homologies between autoantigens and EBV antigens. In addition, higher titers of anti-EBV antibodies and increased EBV seroconversion rates have been observed in SLE patients as compared with healthy control individuals. Serologic responses do not directly reflect EBV status within the body. Clarification of the precise status of EBV infection in SLE patients would help to improve our understanding of the role played by EBV in this disease. In the present study we determined EBV types in SLE patients (n = 66) and normal control individual (n = 63) by direct PCR analysis of mouthwash samples. We also compared EBV load in blood between SLE patients (n = 24) and healthy control individuals (n = 29) using semiquantitative PCR assay. The number of infections and EBV type distribution were similar between adult SLE patients and healthy control individuals (98.5% versus 94%). Interestingly, the EBV burden in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was over 15-fold greater in SLE patients than in healthy control individuals (mean ± standard deviation: 463 ± 570 EBV genome copies/3 μg PBMC DNA versus 30 ± 29 EBV genome copies/3 μg PBMC DNA; P = 0.001), suggesting that EBV infection is abnormally regulated in SLE. The abnormally increased proportion of EBV-infected B cells in the SLE patients may contribute to enhanced autoantibody production in this disease.     

Differences between patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in a cohort of HIV/AIDS patients in Puerto Rico.

The close association between AIDS and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) is well known. Few studies are available that evaluate the profile of NHL in a cohort of HIV-infected patients who reside in Puerto Rico. The present study was performed in a cohort of 2,843 HIV-infected patients followed in the Retrovirus Research Center at Bayamón, Puerto Rico, evaluated between January 1992 until December 2000. NHL prevalence was determined and differences between AIDS defining and non-AIDS defining NHL were evaluated with the Fisher and ANOVA test. NHL prevalence was 0.9%. Nine (33%) were AIDS-defining (AIDS-d) NHL and 18 (67%) were non-AIDS-d NHL. Both groups were similar in gender distribution and mean diagnosis age. The median CD4+ T cell count at diagnosis was below 150/mm3 in both groups. Injecting drug use was higher in AIDS-d NHL patients and Homo-Bisexual contact was higher in non-AIDS-d NHL patients. Death rate in the first year after the NHL was 67% in the AIDS-d group and 56% in the non-AIDS-d group. AIDS-d NHL incidence decreased after the implementation of combined antiretroviral therapy in the cohort, a finding not seen in the non-AIDS-d NHL. In summary the study detected low NHL prevalence, with high degree of immunological damage at the time of the lymphoma diagnosis. Conversely dissimilar response to the antiretroviral therapies was also perceived in the incidence of the two NHL groups.     

非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者外周血中CD4＋CD25＋调节性T细胞亚群变化初探

目的：检测非霍奇金淋巴瘤（non—Hodgkin’s lymphoma,NHL）患者外周血中CD4＋CD25＋调节性T细胞（CD4＋CD25＋regulatoryTcell,Treg）的改变,探讨Treg与NHL的相关性。方法：病例组（n=60）为本院收治的初诊NHL患者,对照组（n=60）为本院健康体检者,用流式细胞技术联合标记CD4、CD25检测对照组及病例组化疗前、化疗后的外周血中CD4＋CD25＋调节性T细胞的分布特点。结果：（1）病例组化疗前外周血中CD4＋细胞比例显著低于对照组（P〈0．05）,CD4＋CD25＋调节性T细胞比例显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）;（2）病例组化疗后,CD4＋细胞比例明显高于化疗前（P〈0．05）,CD4＋CD25＋调节性T细胞比例明显低于化疗前（P〈0．05）;（3）病例组化疗后CD4＋细胞比例与对照组无显著差异（P〉0．05）,而CD4＋CD25＋调节性T细胞比例显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论：非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者外周血中CD4＋CD25＋调节性T细胞比例升高,存在机体免疫抑制,化疗可降低CD4＋CD25＋调节性T细胞比例。