江西二叠－三叠系界线

本文描述了江西省北部、中部、南部地区二叠－三叠系界线剖面各１条,对每条剖面进行沉积相分析,从生物地层学角度论证其界线存在的可靠性。Ｈｉｎｄｅｏｄｕｓｐａｒｖｕｓ在江西修水清水岩乡东岭的发现是中国的又一新发现地区。二叠－三叠纪生物地层界线以Ｈ．ｐａｒｖｕｓＭｏｒｐｈｏｔｙｐｅ１的首次出现为难;“界线粘土”层的底界属二叠－三叠系事件地层界线,与生物地层界线不是一回事,生物地层界线比事件地层界线在江西约高出１６─２０ｃｍ;建议在二叠－三叠系界线研究中,最好不用“混生层”或“过渡层”,而改为界线地层或界线层。     

福建永安丰海二叠系上部及三叠系底部的双壳类动物群*

系统研究了闽西永安丰海地区二叠系上部及三叠系下部的双壳类动物群面貌、层位及组合,并与国内外相当的地层进行了对比,阐明了该双壳动物群在二叠-三叠系界线划分中的地层意义.描述了15属24种(其中5新种)、5未定种.     

江西二叠—三叠系界线

本文描述了江西省北部、中部、南部地区二叠－三叠系界线剖面各１条,对每条剖面进行沉积相分析,从生物地层学角度论证其界线存在的可靠性,Ｈｉｎｄｅｏｄｕｓ ｐａｒｏｕｓ在江西修水清水岩乡东岭的发现是中国的又一新发现地区。二叠－三叠纪生物地层界线以Ｈ．ｐａｒｖｕｓ Ｍｏｒｐｈｏｔｙｐｅ１的首次出现为准;“界线粘土”层的底界属三叠－三叠系事件地层界线,与生物地层界线不是一回事,生物地层界线比事件地层界线在江     

二叠-三叠系界线层的牙形刺与生物地层界线

在研究二叠－三叠系界线地层时,应严格地将事件地层界线与生物地层界线区分开来。而定义生物地层界线时,也不应与“过渡层”或“混生层”的概念相连。在浙江长兴煤山,“界线粘土”层的底界,应为事件地层界线,界线层２的中部应为生物地层界线,比事件地层界线高１５ｃｍ。二叠－三叠系生物地层界线应以ＨｉｎｄｅｏｄｕｓｐａｒｏｕｓＭｏｒｐｈｏｔｙｐｅｌ的首次出现为准。在Ｈ．ｐａｒｖｕｓＭ．１缺乏的地区可以Ｃｌａｒｋｉｎａｃｈａｎｇｘｉｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ,Ｃ．ｄｅｆｌｅｃｔｓ,Ｃ．ｄｉｃｅｒｏｃａｒｉｎａｔａ,Ｃｌａｒｋｉｎａｓｐ．ｎｏｖ,Ｈｉｎｄｅｏｄｕｓｌａｔｉｄｅｎｔａｔｕｓ,Ｈ．ｔｙｐｉｃａｌｉｓ．Ｈ．ｃｈａｎｇｘｉｎｇｅｎｓｉｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ等种的绝灭和ＨｉｎｄｅｏｄｕｓｐａｒｖｕｓＭ．２,Ｈ．ｔｕｒｇｉｄｕｓ,Ｏｐｈｉｃｅｒａｓ,Ｃｌａｒａｉａｗａｎｇｉ首次出现作为确定二叠－三叠系生物地层界线的辅助标准。这一生物地层界线恰在连续的单相地层中,完全符合全球界线层型剖面点的要求。因此长兴煤山忠心大队剖面是世界上最好的二叠－三叠系全球界线层型剖面点（ＧＳＳＰ）。     

二叠-三叠系界线层的牙形刺与生物地层界线

在研究二叠－三叠系界线地层时，应严格地将事件地层界线与生物地层界线区分开来。而定义生物地层界线时，也不应与“过渡层”或“混生层”的概念相连。在浙江长兴煤山，“界线粘土”层的底界，应为事件地层界线，界线层２的中部应为生物地层界线，比事件地层界线高１５ｃｍ。二叠－三叠系生物地层界线应以ＨｉｎｄｅｏｄｕｓｐａｒｏｕｓＭｏｒｐｈｏｔｙｐｅｌ的首次出现为准。在Ｈ．ｐａｒｖｕｓＭ．１缺乏的地区可以Ｃｌａｒｋｉｎａｃｈａｎｇｘｉｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ，Ｃ．ｄｅｆｌｅｃｔｓ，Ｃ．ｄｉｃｅｒｏｃａｒｉｎａｔａ，Ｃｌａｒｋｉｎａｓｐ．ｎｏｖ，Ｈｉｎｄｅｏｄｕｓｌａｔｉｄｅｎｔａｔｕｓ，Ｈ．ｔｙｐｉｃａｌｉｓ．Ｈ．ｃｈａｎｇｘｉｎｇｅｎｓｉｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ等种的绝灭和ＨｉｎｄｅｏｄｕｓｐａｒｖｕｓＭ．２，Ｈ．ｔｕｒｇｉｄｕｓ，Ｏｐｈｉｃｅｒａｓ，Ｃｌａｒａｉａｗａｎｇｉ首次出现作为确定二叠－三叠系生物地层界线的辅助标准。这一生物地层界线恰在连续的单相地层中，完全符合全球界线层型剖面点的要求。因此长兴煤山忠心大队剖面是世界上最好的二叠－三叠系全球界线层型剖面点（ＧＳＳＰ）。     

滇东,黔西和桂北不同相区的三叠纪牙形刺

本文描述了采自滇东、黔西和桂北不同相区２８个剖面的三叠纪牙形刺共２２属７９种。由于不同相区的牙形刺动物群具有不同的特征,因此不同性质的牙形刺动物群的分布与岩相和古沉积环境关系非常密切。本区三叠纪牙形刺可明显分为两大类型,即“台地型”和“盆地型”。本文论述了牙形刺动物群的分布与岩相相带之关系,组建了不同相区的牙形刺序列,同时讨论了二叠－三叠系界线。     

中国浙江长兴县煤山二叠—三叠系界线：三叠系底界的全球界线…

浙江长兴煤山剖面的二叠－三叠系界线层为连续的浮游相沉积没有任何间断,侧向上也是连续的。煤山是长兴阶的层型剖面所在地,长兴阶的上部,界线层和三叠系的下部,每一层都发现有牙形刺,可以逐层追索牙形刺的演化关系。煤山剖面几乎没有任何热力变质（ＣＡＩ＝１－１．５）。煤山剖面的菊石、牙形刺、双壳类、腕足类等多门类化石以及有关事件已得到了很好的研究。绝对年龄和古地磁也已得到深入研究。孢子的存在和易于识别的事件能     

川东北二叠纪长兴晚期微生物丘:大灭绝事件过程的征兆?

虽然二叠系-三叠系界线附近的微生物岩是研究生态环境转折期海洋环境的热点素材,但以往所发现的实例都赋存于显生宙最大灭绝事件界线之上,还未报道过位于灭绝界线之下的微生物岩。川东北地区长兴组上部发育骨架礁层位之上的微生物丘,其中以尖山微生物丘最为典型,具三个生长旋回。根据微生物丘地层中所含牙形刺,和有孔虫,其时代为长兴晚期,处于大灭绝界线之下,其顶部距Hindeodus parvus带7.5m。碳同位素及微量元素分析揭示,从晚二叠世晚期开始,海洋生态环境条件的幕式不稳定性就已经显现并持续发展,导致生物危机也呈多阶段性特征。川东北晚二叠世微生物丘记录见证了重大地质转折期将至时生物与环境的相互作用关系。     

中国二叠系的底界

牙形刺是二叠系生物地层的主导门类,地叠系的三统九阶的界线层型（ＧＳＳＰ）都将用牙形刺定义。我国石炭－二叠系（Ｃ／Ｐ）的分界应采用与国际上一致的标准,即用牙形刺Ｓｔｒｅｐｔｏｇｎａｔｈｏｄｕｓ ｉｓｏｌａｔｕｓ的首次出现定义二叠系的底界。Ｓ．ｉｓｏｌａｔｕｓ在我国华南、华北均有分布,可精确地确定二叠系的底界。华北太原组应归下二叠统Ａｓｓｅｌｉａｎ阶,我国Ｃ／Ｐ界线地层和Ｓｔｒｅｐｔｏｇｎａｔｈｏｄｕ     

黔西地区卡以头组叶肢介动物群北大核心CSCD

黔西地区发育良好的陆相二叠系-三叠系界线地层,近年来该地区的二叠纪-三叠纪过渡期陆相生物群研究较多,主要包括植物化石和孢粉化石。文中研究了产自该地区卡以头组的叶肢介动物群,并对部分标本采取电镜扫描来研究其微细结构,共分类描述2属11种及3个未定种,其中Euestheria属有5种和2个未定种,Palaeolimnadia属有6种和1个未定种。该研究既丰富了黔西地区二叠纪-三叠纪之交的生物群面貌,对于探讨这一重大地质突变期陆相生物群演变具有指示作用,也为陆相二叠系-三叠系界线的划分和对比提供了重要参考依据。     

四川华蓥山地区晚二叠世生物礁中“板状水螅”化石的初步研究

所讨论的“板状水螅”是一类分类位置尚有争议的化石，为华蓥山地区上二叠统生物礁的主要造礁生物之一。这里描述了３属３种．其中包括２新属和３新种．它们是Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｐａｌａｅｏａｐｌｙｓｉｎａｈｕａｙｉｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ，Ｐｈｒａｇｍｏｒｐｈａａｓｉａｔｉｃａ和Ｃｎｉｄｏｐｏｒａｔｕｂｅｒｃｕｌｏｓａ。     

Introduction

A prominent clastic wedge of latest Permian to early Triassic age (Katberg Sandstone) prograded northwestwards into the main Karoo Basin from a southerly source area as a sedimentary response to renewed tectonism associated with the Cape Fold Belt. Proximal to distal relationships within this clastic wedge and its relationships with underlying and overlying formations reveal a variety of stream types which reflect changing tectonic and climatic conditions.Towards the close of Permian times, the depositional area of the southeastern Karoo Basin was crossed by meandering river channels cutting through earlier formed floodplain deposits (Balfour Formation). Tectonic rejuvenation of the source area in early Triassic times led to steeper gradients and a sharp increase in the supply of coarser grained detritus. As a result, alluvial fans developed in areas adjacent to the source terrane and the river channels became braided, depositing only sands (Katberg Sandstone) with muds and silts being carried down into the most distal parts of the floodplain (Burgersdorp Formation). Subsequent denudation of the source area gradually reduced slopes and allowed the source-ward shift of the distal facies until it eventually overstepped the earlier formed braided stream deposits.Accompanying the changes in tectonic conditions was a change in climatic which also influenced stream type. The late Permian to early Triassic period records a general change to warmer climatic conditions following the widespread glaciation of the early to middle Permian. Thus the lowest Beaufort Group sediments were probably deposited in warm temperate to humid conditions with later deposits being laid down under an increasingly arid regime.     

巴基斯坦盐岭地区二叠纪生物地层研究的新进展

近30年来,巴基斯坦盐岭地区的Wargal组和Chhidru组以及在喜马拉雅地区相当地层的地质时代被许多学者视为中二叠世(瓜达鲁普世)。根据华南与盐岭地区瓜达鲁普统和乐平统的牙形类化石带对比,可以确定Amb组和Wargal组底部的时代为瓜达鲁普世晚期,瓜达鲁普统与乐平统的界线位于Wargal组下部,吴家坪阶与长兴阶的界线位于Chhidru组的下部,而二叠与三叠系的界线位于Mianwali组下部的Kathwai段之内。我国西藏南部色龙群及相当地层含有与巴基斯坦盐岭地区Kalabagh段和Chhidru组可对比的乐平世腕足动物群以及二叠系—三叠系界线附近连续的牙形类化石带,由此可以推定色龙群的时代应为乐平世。     

?Microbialites in the Permian-Triassic boundary interval in central China: Structure, age and distribution

Summary A carbonate crust, with a principally digitate structure, caps latest Permian reef complexes in east Sichuan, China. The crust contains the conodontHindeodus parvus, confirming its age as earliest Triassic; it therefore closely postdates the end-Permian mass extinction, and is related to associated palaeoenvironmental change. Although its branches have lobate margins, and internal structures of radial fabrics and lobate fabrics in different specimens, an organic origin cannot be confirmed, because crust fabric is largely recrystallised. Therefore we apply the term ?microbialite to reflect uncertainty of its nature. The crust is co-eval (within theparvus Zone) with confirmed microbial biostromes and mounds in Guizhou Province, south of Sichuan. The sum of evidence, assembled by workers in several sites worldwide, indicates a sea-level rise occurred in the boundary interval, and this is corroborated by facies of the Sichuan crust. Abrupt appearance and disappearance of the crust, formed by precipitated carbonates, in east Sichuan, represents short-lived unusual post-extinction marine conditions which were switched abruptly on, then off. Microbial deposits overlying the P/T boundary in other locations in the Tethys Ocean (Iran and Japan) support the view that the unusual oceanic conditions had at least a regional distribution. Because the crust abruptly terminates, and is not succeeded by fossil-rich deposits, application of the disaster biota concept is inappropriate; an environmentally-driven control on carbonate precipitation is better supported by the evidence, whether or not it was biotically-mediated.     

Timing and progression of the end-Guadalupian crisis in the Fars province (Dalan Formation, Kuh-e Gakhum, Iran) constrained by foraminifers and other carbonate microfossils

The Middle-to-Upper Permian in the Kuh-e Gakhum anticline (southeastern Iran) has rarely been studied due to its structural complexity and the difficult access. Rich Permian fusulinid assemblages varying in age from Wordian to Changhsingian were found in a thick carbonate succession corresponding to the Dalan Formation. Three new species of foraminifers are described and a new biostratigraphic framework including five biozones is proposed. One of these, described and defined for the first time in the Dalan Formation, is based on the presence of Praedunbarula simplicissima n. gen. n. sp. When compared to the fossil content of existing bioprovinces, the floro-faunal biota of the Dalan Formation shows an affinity with Central and Western Tethys. A mass extinction of fusulinids and small foraminifers (70%) occurred concomitantly with the onset of a relative sea-level fall. This event led to a change in the carbonate factories from biologically induced carbonate production to ooid-rich chemically induced precipitation. The morphology of the platform at the Guadalupian/Lopingian transition evolves from a bioclastic ramp to a shelf. This transition is also characterized by a major sequence boundary and morphological anomalies in foraminifers. Therefore, as the regression and the changes in floro-faunal contents have been observed at the Guadalupian/Lopingian boundary, the extinction event is considered as end-Guadalupian. It is followed by a Lopingian transgression yielding renewed foraminiferal assemblages.     

Conodonts from the Permian Jisu Honguer (Zhesi) Formation of Inner Mongolia, China

The Jisu Honguer Formation (“Zhesi Formation”) is a North China marine carbonate unit of Permian age containing a mixed fauna of Tethyan, Boreal and endemic elements. The age of the Jisu Honguer Formation has been thought to range from Artinskian to Kazanian based on previous studies using mostly benthic macrofossils. A typical Mesogondolella aserrata conodont fauna is reported from the lower part of the upper member of the Jisu Honguer Formation in the Ulanqub District, Zhesi area, of northern China. The fauna indicates a Middle Permian (Guadalupian) age, most likely late Wordian to early Capitanian, for the strata yielding conodonts. The whole Jisu Honguer Formation could be assigned to the Wordian to early Capitanian age. The overlying Yihewusu Formation is probably of Capitanian age. There are no Wuchiapingian marine deposits in the Zhesi area. As characteristic of the open sea Guadalupian conodont faunas of the Tethys, smooth Mesogondolella dominate the fauna. The view that all Tethyan Guadalupian conodont faunas consist exclusively of serrated Mesogondolella cannot be confirmed. Three new species are described: Mesogondolella neoprolongata C. - y. Wang, Mesogondolella mandulaensis C. - y. Wang and Wardlawella jisuensis C. - y. Wang.     

Mesozoic and Paleogene megabreccias in Southern Sicily: New data on the Triassic Paleomargin of the Siculo-Tunisian platform

Summary Mesozoic and Paleogene clastic carbonates in deep-water successions outcropping in the Sicani mountains (central southern Sicily) represent debris-flow and turbidite deposits accumulated in slope/base-of-slope sectors of the Sicanian Basin, a Permian to Miocene deep-water sedimentary domain of Sicily. Reef-derived carbonates of late Triassic age are frequently found among the clastic elements of these deposits, in association with other shallow and deep-water Mesozoic carbonates. The provide us with new data on the stratigraphic setting of a platform paleomargin now buried beneath the Sicilian thrust and fold belt. This paleomargin bounded the wide middle and upper Triassic carbonate platform which is now known in the subsurface of the Southern Sicilian thrust and fold belt. This paleomargin bounded the wide middle and upper Triassic carbonate platform which is now known in the subsurface of the Southern Sicilian mainland and offshore in the Pelagian Platform, from the Malta escarpment to the Sciacca and Trapani areas through the Hyblean Plateau. The hinge zones between this platform domain and the Sicanian basin were particularly affected by the paleostresses related to the Mesozoic and Paleogene evolution of the Southwestern Tethys. The sedimentary successions of these areas recorded repeated episodes of progradation, aggradation, backstepping, uplift and erosion of the platform-basin system, under eustatic and tectonic forcing.     

中国新近系山旺阶建阶研究新进展

中国新近系的年代地层单位山旺阶与哺乳动物分期的山旺期相对应 ,其定义的生物带相当于欧洲的MN3～MN5 ,下界年龄应为 2 0 .5Ma。按照现代地层学的建阶原则对山东临朐的山旺剖面进行综合研究 ,得出山旺组的底界年龄约为 1 8Ma ,山旺动物群的地质时代也由原来认为的与欧洲MN5相当提早到与MN4相当。尽管如此 ,研究结果证实山旺组仍然缺失定义的山旺阶下部沉积和MN3动物群。《国际地层指南》提倡将重点放在选择下界的界线层型来确定年代地层单位 ,其上界应该由后续单位的下界来确定。甘肃兰州盆地和秦安地区有发育的渐新世至中新世沉积出露 ,并有山旺阶最底部的化石和适合于作古地磁分析的沉积物 ,因此 ,是有可能建立山旺阶下界界线层型的有利地点。     

山东新汶煤田太原组小有孔虫动物群及石炭-二叠系界线的探讨

通过对山东新汶煤田太原组小有孔虫动物群的系统研究,共鉴定出小有孔虫化石24属66种,根据小有孔虫在太原组中的垂向分布和含量的变化,自下而上分为3个小有孔虫组合：1．Brad yina samarica- Palaeotextularia angusta elongata组合,2．Nodosaria sinensis- Tetrataxis组合,3．Geinitzina postacarbonica组合。通过与邻区及华北部分地区的对比,本区太原组小有孔虫动物群的地质时代应归属于早二叠世,其层位大致相当于华北各地太原组(ting)类的Pseudoschwagerina带。