绵羊皮肤中GHR、IGF-1和IGF-1R基因表达的发育性变化及品种特点

采用相对定量反转录多聚酶链式反应 (RT-PCR)方法, 以18S rRNA作内标, 研究了罗米丽(Romilly Hillys)×中国美利奴(新疆军垦型)杂交一代优质细毛羊和哈萨克粗毛羊皮肤中生长激素受体(GHR)、胰岛素样生长因子1(IGF-1)和胰岛素样生长因子1受体(IGF-1R) mRNA发育性变化并进行了品种间比较。分别于30、60、90、135、180和255日龄称重、采毛样, 并于30、90、135和255日龄采皮样。结果表明: 粗毛羊和细毛羊体重、羊毛生长的发育模式没有明显的差异, 30~135日龄体重迅速增加, 135~255日龄增重十分缓慢; 30~135日龄羊毛日增长逐渐增加, 135~180日龄羊毛生长十分缓慢, 而180~255日龄又上升到较高水平。粗毛羊皮肤中GHR mRNA在30~90日龄显著增加 (P<0.05), 90日龄达到高峰, 此后显著下降(P<0.05); 细毛羊在135日龄时GHR mRNA极显著地升高(P<0.01), 此后又极显著地下降。粗毛羊皮肤中IGF-1、IGF-1R mRNA 30~90日龄上升, 90日龄之后极显著下降(P<0.01); 细毛羊皮肤中IGF-1、IGF-1R mRNA出生时较高, 然后逐渐下降。品种之间比较, 细毛羊GHR mRNA出现高峰晚于粗毛羊, 135日龄高峰时显著地高于粗毛羊; 粗毛羊IGF-1、IGF-1R mRNA在90日龄出现高峰, 并极显著或显著地高于细毛羊; 粗毛羊90日龄前GHR、IGF-1和IGF-1R mRNA高于细毛羊, 之后低于细毛羊。结果提示: 绵羊皮肤中GHR、IGF-1和IGF-1R基因表达有特定的发育模式, 并存在品种差异。     

草鱼Isthmin-1基因序列分析及转录水平的营养调控

为探讨Isthmin-1(Ism-1)在草鱼糖和脂类代谢中的作用,研究采用RT-PCR技术克隆草鱼Ism-1的开放阅读框(ORF),生物信息学分析Ism-1及其编码的氨基酸序列, RT-qPCR技术检测Ism-1在草鱼各组织中的分布特点,并在细胞和活体水平上分析不同营养条件下Ism-1 mRNA的表达变化。结果显示,成功克隆草鱼Ism-1的ORF区。序列分析表明,草鱼Ism-1基因开放读码框为1380 bp,编码459个氨基酸,预测该蛋白相对分子量为50.96 kD。氨基酸多序列比对和系统进化树分析显示,草鱼Ism-1与黑头软口鲦(Pimephales promelas)的进化关系最近(氨基酸相似度为96.51%)。Ism-1在草鱼各组织中均有表达,在红肌中表达量最高,其次是鳃、脑和白肌等组织。饥饿再投喂实验结果表明,饥饿14d后肝胰脏中Ism-1的表达量显著上调(P<0.05),恢复投喂后表达量降低,但仍显著高于对照组(P<0.05),白肌中Ism-1的表达量在饥饿和再投喂后均显著增加(P<0.05)。腹腔注射不同浓度的胰高血糖素显著下调草鱼肝胰脏中Ism-1的mR...     

4周有氧运动与饮食控制对肥胖女青少年血清IGF-1和IGF-1结合蛋白-3水平的影响

目的：研究4周中等强度有氧运动结合饮食控制对肥胖女青年、少年血清总胰岛素样生长因子1（IGF-1）、IGF-1结合蛋白3（IGFBP-3）水平和IGF-1活性的影响及其在体脂减少和糖脂代谢改善中的作用。方法：招募9名18~19岁肥胖女青年和30名14~16岁肥胖女少年,进行全封闭的4周中等强度有氧运动结合饮食控制干预。运动项目有游泳、跑步、健身操等,每周运动6 d,每天运动4 h,每运动30 min,休息5 min。运动强度从第1周的低强度（运动后即刻心率约100~120次/分）递增至第2~4周的中强度（运动后即刻心率约120~140次/分）。根据基础代谢率给予每日1 400或1 600 kcal的总能量。另招募正常体重女青年和女少年各9名作为对照组。检测肥胖女青年、少年在4周干预前、后和对照组女青年、少年的体重、身体质量指数（BMI）、腰围、空腹血糖、胰岛素和血脂水平以及血清总IGF-1和IGFBP-3的水平和IGF-1活性。结果：①与对照组相比,肥胖女青年、少年的血清总IGF-1和IGFBP-3水平均降低且肥胖女少年的IGF-1活性降低;②4周中等强度有氧运动结合饮食控制在显著降低肥胖女青年、少年的体脂、腰围和改善糖脂代谢的同时,降低血清IGFBP-3水平、增加IGF-1活性,但血清总IGF-1水平没有显著改变。且相关性分析显示IGF-1活性增加可能与肥胖女青年的腰围减少有关,但血清IGFBP-3水平的降低和IGF-1活性的增加与糖脂代谢的改善没有显著相关性。结论：4周中等强度有氧运动结合饮食控制降低肥胖女青年、少年的血清IGFBP-3水平、增加IGF-1活性;且IGF-1活性的增加可能与运动结合饮食控制降低肥胖女青年的腰围有关。     

TGF-β1和IGF-1 mRNA在早期胚胎停育绒毛组织中的表达及意义

目的:通过检测胚胎停育患者绒毛组织中TGF-β1和IGF-1 mRNA的表达,探讨其在胚胎停育发病机制中的作用。方法:用半定量逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)技术检测正常人流(20例),胚胎停育(25例)绒毛组织中TGF-β1和IGF-1基因在转录水平的表达。结果:(1)与对照组相比,实验组绒毛组织中TGF-β1mRNA表达量降低(P0.05),(2)胚胎停育患者绒毛中IGF-1mRNA表达量升高(P0.05)。(3)绒毛组织中TGF-β1与IGF-1的表达呈负相关(r=-0.793,P0.05)。结论:TGF-β1、IGF-1的表达在基因转录水平发生改变,TGF-β1表达的降低可能上调了IGF-1的表达,提示两者可能共同参与了胚胎停育的发生。     

IGF-1、IGFBP-3在大鼠非酒精性脂肪性肝病进展中的变化

目的：观察非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）大鼠血清胰岛素样生长因子1（IGF-1）、胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白3（ IGFBP-3）的表达及多烯磷脂酰胆碱对其的影响。方法采用高脂饲料喂养建立大鼠NAFLD模型,以多烯磷脂酰胆碱进行干预。 HE染色动态观察大鼠4、8、12周时肝组织病理学变化,IRMA法动态监测血清IGF-1、IGFBP-3含量。结果正常组大鼠各时间点肝组织病理均无明显异常;模型组随高脂饮食时间延长,在4、8、12周3个时相点肝组织脂肪变、炎症程度、气球样变及NAFLD活动度积分逐渐增强,血清IGF-1、IGFBP-3逐渐明显下降,且模型组各时相点IGF-1、IGFBP-3的水平较正常组同一时相点明显降低;应用多烯磷脂酰胆碱干预后,大鼠肝组织炎症程度、NAFLD活动度积分较模型组显著降低,IGF-1、IGFBP-3的水平则较模型组明显增高。结论血清IGF-1、IGFBP-3水平随大鼠NAFLD进展而降低。     

缺氧复氧对滑膜细胞IGF-IGFBP-3 以及线粒体的影响

目的:探讨氧波动环境对原代成纤维样滑膜细胞(fibroblast-like synoviocyte, FLS)胰岛素样生长因子-1(insulin growth factor-1,IGF-1)、胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-3(insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3, IGFBP-3)及线粒体的影响。方法:分离并鉴定正常人滑膜细胞,再对滑膜细胞进行分组:对照组、缺氧/再充氧(hypoxia/reoxygenation,H/R)干预组。采用实时定量PCR检测滑膜细胞中IGF-1、IGFBP-3的m RNA水平;Western blot检测滑膜细胞中IGF-1、IGFBP-3的蛋白水平;流式细胞仪检测线粒体膜电位(Mitochondrial membrane potential, MMP)以及线粒体通透性转换孔(Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore, MPTP)的变化。结果:与对照组比较,H/R干预组的相对IGF-1和IGFBP-3的m RNA水平和蛋白表达水平显著升高(P0.05),膜电位水平降低(P0.05),线粒体通透性转换孔开放。结论:氧波动环境可促进IGF-1和IGFBP-3的表达及细胞线粒体损伤,其可能是骨关节炎(OA)发病的重要机制之一。     

营养状况对幼年鲤鱼肝脏IGF-Ⅰ mRNA表达的影响

通过室外喂养观察3种营养状况对幼年鲤鱼生长、血清生长激素（GH）水平和组织胰岛素样生长因子－Ⅰ（IGF-Ⅰ）mRNA表达的影响。一组鱼喂含40％酪蛋白的饵料（H组）,一组鱼喂含20％酪蛋白的饵料（L组）,饵料的总能量相同;另一组鱼先饥饿32天再投喂含40％酪蛋白的饵料。禁食后饥饿组鲤鱼体重和体长的生长受阻,在第16天饥饿组鱼血清GH水平明显升高,到第32天达到H组的4倍;而肝组织IGF－Ⅰ mRNA水平在第16天无明显下降,但是到第32天已降到不到H组的一半。鲤鱼其它组织饥饿32天未发现IGF－Ⅰ mRNA表达有明显变化。饥饿32天后开始投喂含40％酪蛋白的饵料,鲤鱼生长、肝组织IGF－Ⅰ mRNA的表达水平逐渐恢复,再投喂16天皆与H组无明显差异。再投喂过程中,GH水平也逐渐下降,第16天恢复正常。实验结果提示鲤鱼营养对肝组织IGF－Ⅰ mRNA的表达有调节作用。营养缺乏将导致鲤鱼肝组织IGF－Ⅰ mRNA的表达水平也相应恢复正常,从而导致鲤鱼生长恢复。同时,实验结果也提示,鲤鱼肝以外的组织IGF－Ⅰ mRNA表达不受营养调节。L组鲤鱼在喂养过程中,体重和体长的增长比H组低,但即使喂养40天,两组鱼体重和体长并无显著差异。两组鱼血清生长激素水平和各组织IGF－Ⅰ mRNA的表达水平到实验第32天也未发现有明显差异。推测在鲤鱼含正常能量和20％酪蛋白的饵料已能维持正常IGF－Ⅰ mRNA的表达。L组和H组鱼肝IGF－Ⅰ mRNA在喂养1个月后仍无显著差异也可能与实验时间较短有关。     

烧伤患者血浆IGFBP-1水平的变化及临床意义

目的:探究烧伤患者血浆胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-1(IGFBP-1)水平的变化及其临床意义。方法:选择2013年1月-2015年1月我院收治的70例烧伤患者作为研究组,依据总体表烧伤面积(TBSA)将患者分为4个亚组:Ⅰ组(1%~15%)34例、Ⅱ组(16%~30%)9例、Ⅲ组(31%~50%)17例、Ⅳ组(51%~95%)10例;选取同期于我院体检健康者50例作为对照组。测定研究者IGFBP-1、胰岛素样生长因子(IGF-1)水平,分析其与TBSA的相关性。结果:在10d观察期内,Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组患者的IGF-1水平均显著低于对照组(P0.05),而Ⅱ组患者IGF-1水平仅在烧伤后1 d时与对照组存在差异(P0.05),且在烧伤后2 d,随着分级的增加,血浆IGF-1水平有下降的趋势,组间差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);研究组患者的IGFBP-1水平均显著高于对照组(P0.05);随着分级的增加,血浆IGFBP-1有上升的趋势,组间差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);线性相关性分析显示,烧伤患者血浆IGF-1水平与TBSA值呈负相关(r=-0.693,P0.05);血浆IGFBP-1水平与TBSA值呈正相关(r=0.377,P0.05)。结论:烧伤患者血浆IGF-1水平显著下降,而IGFBP-1水平则显著升高,与烧伤严重程度密切相关,二者可作为判断烧伤患者预后的重要预警指标。     

特发性矮小症患儿治疗前后血清IGF-1、IGFBP-3、25（OH）D、皮质醇水平变化及其与体格发育和骨龄的相关性分析

摘要 目的：探究特发性矮小症（ISS）患儿治疗前后血清胰岛素样生长因子1（IGF-1）、胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白3（IGFBP-3）、25羟维生素D[25（OH）D]、皮质醇水平变化及其与体格发育和骨龄的相关性。方法：选取安徽省儿童医院于2017年7月～2021年3月收治的88例ISS患儿作为研究组。另选取同期体检健康儿童88例作为对照组。比较两组血清IGF-1、IGFBP-3、25（OH）D及皮质醇水平。比较ISS患儿治疗前后血清IGF-1、IGFBP-3、25（OH）D及皮质醇水平,体格指标以及骨龄指标。通过Pearson相关性分析ISS患儿血清IGF-1、IGFBP-3、25（OH）D及皮质醇水平与体格指标、骨龄指标的相关性。结果：研究组患儿血清IGF-1、IGFBP-3、25（OH）D水平均低于对照组,而皮质醇水平高于对照组（均P＜0.05）。ISS患儿治疗后血清IGF-1、IGFBP-3、25（OH）D水平均高于治疗前,而皮质醇水平低于治疗前（均P＜0.05）。ISS患儿治疗后身高、体重、骨龄年龄差（BAD）、骨龄指数（BAI）以及体质指数（BMI）均高于治疗前（均P＜0.05）。经Pearson相关性分析发现：ISS患儿血清IGF-1、IGFBP-3、25（OH）D水平与身高、体重、BAD、BAI以及BMI均呈正相关;皮质醇与身高、体重、BAD、BAI以及BMI均呈负相关（均P＜0.05）。结论：ISS患儿血清IGF-1、IGFBP-3、25（OH）D水平异常降低,皮质醇水平升高,且上述四项指标均和身高、体重、BAD以及BAI有关。     

饥饿再投喂对大鳞副泥鳅生长性能、肝脏抗氧化能力和肠道消化酶的影响

为探究周期性饥饿再投喂对大鳞副泥鳅(Paramisgurnus dabryanus)生长性能、抗氧化能力和肠道消化酶活性的影响, 实验将初始重一致的大鳞副泥鳅随机分为4组, 每组3个重复, 饲养于12个水箱中, 每箱20尾。采用周期性饥饿2d再投喂4d(S2F4)、周期性饥饿2d再投喂6d(S2F6)、周期性饥饿2d再投喂8d(S2F8)和持续投喂(对照组)4种投喂模式, 投喂30d, 并于第0、第15和第30天收集样本进行检测。结果表明: (1)不同处理对末体长和特定生长率无显著影响(P>0.05), S2F8处理组末体重和增重率显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。(2)周期性饥饿再投喂对肥满度、脏体比和肝体比无显著影响(P>0.05)。(3)随饥饿再投喂处理时间增长, S2F6和S2F8组肝脏SOD、CAT和GSH-PX活性显著升高; 在第15天, S2F8组SOD活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05), S2F6和S2F8组肝脏CAT活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05), S2F6和S2F8组肝脏GSH-PX活性均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。在第30天, S2F6和S2F8组SOD活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05), S2F6组CAT活性均显著高于对照组(P<0.05), S2F6和S2F8组中GSH-PX活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。(4)对肠道消化酶研究发现, 投喂时间对肠道蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性无显著影响。在第30天时, S2F6和S2F8组肠道脂肪酶显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。综上所述, 周期性饥饿再投喂可激发大鳞副泥鳅补偿生长, 引起肝脏抗氧化酶活性增加, 肠道消化酶活性降低。其中S2F8组补偿生长最显著, 且肠道消化酶活性变化程度较小。因此, 为保证饲养效果, 推荐使用S2F8投喂模式。     

Relationship of liver and skeletal muscle IGF-1 mRNA to plasma GH profile, production of IGF-1 by liver, plasma IGF-1 concentrations, and growth rates of cattle

Growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and thyroid hormone (T3 and T4) concentrations in blood plasma of 18 crossbred cattle (six bulls, six steers, and six heifers) were measured over an 8-hr period. One week later at slaughter, IGF-1 production by liver slices and IGF-1 mRNA concentrations in skeletal muscle and liver were measured. Bulls had higher (P less than 0.05) mean plasma GH and GH peak amplitudes (P less than 0.01) than heifers, and values for steers were intermediate between bulls and heifers. Baseline GH concentrations and number of GH peaks were not significantly different for the three groups. Bulls had 1.6-fold (P less than 0.01) and 3.0-fold (P less than 0.01) greater liver IGF-1 mRNA concentrations than steers or heifers, respectively, whereas the steers had 1.8-fold (P less than 0.05) greater IGF-1 mRNA in liver than heifers. Production of IGF-1 by liver slices was greater (P less than 0.05) in bulls than steers or heifers. Bulls had 1.3-fold greater plasma IGF-1 than steers (P less than 0.01), whereas steers had 1.8-fold greater plasma IGF-1 than heifers (P less than 0.01). There were no significant differences in concentrations of skeletal muscle IGF-1 mRNA between the three groups of animals. Liver IGF-1 mRNA, liver IGF-1 production, and plasma IGF-1 were all significantly correlated with gain and mean GH peak amplitude, but not with GH baseline, GH peak frequency, or concentrations of T3 and T4. Concentrations if IGF-1 mRNA in skeletal muscle were not correlated to gain or any parameter of the GH profile. Plasma concentrations of T3 were significantly (P less than 0.05) negatively correlated to plasma GH baseline concentrations. Muscle IGF-1 mRNA concentration was negatively related to plasma T4 and T3. The results of this study suggest that the cascade of events starting with secretion of GH from the pituitary, expression of liver IGF-1 mRNA, and secretion of IGF-1 by the liver are important phenomena for growth of cattle.     

Effect of compensatory growth on performance, carcass composition and plasma IGF-1 in grower finisher pigs

A total of 48 female pigs (Large White × Landrace × Duroc cross) were used to determine whether a compensatory feed regime influenced performance, carcass composition and the level of plasma IGF-1. Pigs of initial age 73 days were fed a commercial diet at 0.70 of ad libitum (R) for 40 days followed by a return to ad libitum feeding for a further 42 days. The control group was fed ad libitum (A) throughout. Groups of animals on R and A feed regimes were slaughtered at the end of restriction period (SL1), 2 days after refeeding ad libitum (SL2) to establish the more immediate effects of refeeding on IGF levels, and after 42 days refeeding (SL3; n = 8 for each group). As expected, during the restriction period, average daily live weight gain in all the slaughter groups of R pigs was significantly lower than A pigs (P < 0.01); there was no significant difference in feed conversion ratios. In the re-alimentation period of SL3, R pigs grew 12.9% faster (P = 0.033), indicating compensatory growth. At SL1, there was a trend for carcass weight (P = 0.108) of A pigs to be higher than R pigs, but at SL2 live weight and carcass weight of A pigs were significantly heavier than R pigs (P < 0.05), but not at SL3. For killing-out percentage, there was no difference in SL1. After refeeding for 2 days (SL2) and 42 days (SL3), R pigs had significantly lower killing-out percentage than A pigs (P < 0.05). As a proportion of live weight, R pigs had smaller heart, kidney and liver (P < 0.05) than A pigs at SL1. At SL2, only the kidney was smaller in the restricted group (P < 0.05) and there were no significant differences in SL3. As a proportion of carcass weight, Longissimus dorsi was heavier in the R pigs at SL1 (P = 0.108) and SL2 (P < 0.05), but not at SL3. At SL1, there was a trend for intramuscular fat of A pigs to be higher than R pigs. The plasma IGF-1 level was lower in R pigs than A pigs (P = 0.010) at SL1, and slightly lower at SL2 (P = 0.110), with no significant differences at SL3. Dietary restriction period influenced plasma IGF-1 levels, which returned to the ad libitum group levels when animals were refed, as did live weight and carcass weight. It appears that the internal organs and possibly fat, but not muscles, underwent a compensatory response when animals were refed.     

The regulation of IGF-1 by leptin in the pig is tissue specific and independent of changes in growth hormone

A combination of in vivo and in vitro experiments were performed to determine the extent to which exogenous leptin regulates serum growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-1) concentrations, and the abundance of IGF-1 mRNA in major peripheral tissues. Initially (Experiment 1), a recombinant human leptin analog was administered i.m. to young growing pigs (approximately 27 kg body weight) for 15 days at 0 (control), 0.003, 0.01 and 0.03 mg. kg(-1). day(-1). Although there was no sustained effect of leptin on serum GH, there was a reduction (P < 0.02) in serum IGF-1 at the intermediate dose that paralleled a decrease (P < 0.09) in hepatic IGF-1 expression. Leptin, at these doses, did not reduce feed intake (P > 0.57), nor was there an effect of leptin on dietary nitrogen retention (P > 0.97). In a second experiment, pigs were injected with vehicle or a higher dose of leptin (0.05 mg. kg(-1). day(-1)) for 14 days. A third treatment group was injected with vehicle and pair-fed to the intake of the group treated with leptin. In this study, exogenous leptin resulted in a sustained increase in serum leptin (P < 0.0001) and reduction in feed intake of approximately 30% (P < 0.0001). Serum IGF-1 was depressed in both the leptin-treated and pair-fed groups, relative to the group allowed ad-libitum intake (P < 0.01). Furthermore, there was no difference among treatments in the relative abundance of IGF-1 mRNA in skeletal muscle (P > 0.42) or adipose tissue (P > 0.26), and liver mRNA abundance was actually increased (P < 0.01) by leptin, despite the lower feed intake. Finally, to determine whether leptin altered the secretion of IGF-1 by isolated pig hepatocytes, primary cultures were incubated with leptin for 24 to 48 hr (Experiment 3). Leptin (100 nM) caused a sharp reduction (P < 0.0001) in dexamethasone-induced IGF-1 secretion at 24 hr (47% reduction) and at 48 hr (40% reduction). Collectively, these data indicate that leptin may regulate hepatic IGF-1 production in the pig, independent of GH, but that hepatocyte sensitivity to leptin may be depend on dose and in vitro vs. in vivo conditions.     

Enhanced IGF-1 expression improves smooth muscle cell engraftment after cell transplantation

The functional benefit of cell transplantation after a myocardial infarction is diminished by early cell losses. IGF-1 enhances cell proliferation and survival. We hypothesized that IGF-1-transfected smooth muscle cells (SMCs) would enhance cell survival and improve engraftment after cell transplantation. The IGF-1 gene was transfected into male SMCs and compared with SMCs transfected with a plasmid vector (vector control) and nontransfected SMCs (cell control). IGF-1 mRNA (n=10/group) and protein levels (n=6/group) were higher (P <0.05 for all groups) at 3, 7, and 14 days compared with controls. VEGF was also increased in parallel to enhanced IGF-1 expression. IGF-1-transfected cells demonstrated greater cell proliferation, stimulated angiogenesis, and decreased caspase-3 activity after simulated ischemia and reperfusion (P <0.05 for all groups compared with vector or cell controls). A uniform left ventricular injury was produced in female rats using a cryoprobe. Three weeks later, 2 x 10(6) cells from three groups were implanted into the scar. One week later, IGF-1-transfected SMCs had increased myocardial IGF-1 and VEGF levels, increased Bcl2 expression, limited cell apoptosis, and enhanced vessel formation in the myocardial scar compared with the two control groups (P <0.05 for all groups). The proportion of SMCs surviving in the implanted region was greater (P <0.05) in the IGF-1-transfected group than in the vector or cell controls. Gene enhancement with IGF-1 improved donor cell proliferation, survival, and engraftment after cell transplantation, perhaps mediated by enhanced angiogenesis and reduced apoptosis.     

The IGF-1/cortisol ratio as a useful marker for monitoring training in young boxers

Training effects on plasma insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1)/cortisol ratio were investigated in boxers. Thirty subjects were assigned to either the training or the control group (n = 15 in both). They were tested before the beginning of training (T0), after 5 weeks of intensive training (T1), and after 1 week of tapering (T2). Physical performances (Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level-1), training loads, and blood sampling were obtained at T0, T1, and T2. Controls were only tested for biochemical and anthropometric parameters at T0 and T2. A significantly higher physical performance was observed at T2 compared to T1. At T1, cortisol levels were significantly increased whereas IGF-1 and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) levels remained unchanged compared to baseline. At T2, cortisol levels decreased while IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels increased. The IGF-1/cortisol ratio decreased significantly at T1 and increased at T2, and its variations were significantly correlated with changes in training loads and Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1 (IRT1) performance over the training period. Cortisol variations correlated with changes in training load (r = 0.64; p < 0.01) and Yo-Yo IRT1 performance (r = 0.78; p < 0.001) at T1 whereas IGF-1 variations correlated only with changes in Yo-Yo IRT1 performance at T2 (r = 0.71; p < 0.001). It is concluded that IGF-1/cortisol ratio could be a useful tool for monitoring training loads in young trained boxers.     

Intraruminal infusion of n-butyric acid induces an increase of ruminal papillae size independent of IGF-1 system in castrated bulls

The objective of this study was to explore morphological alterations of rumen papillae induced by n-butyric acid in relation to the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system in adult castrated bulls. Three animals fitted with rumen cannula were fed twice daily at a low and high nutritional level (LL and HL), i.e., at 1.1 x maintenance (M) and 1.6 x M, respectively. Diets contained artificial dried grass and concentrate (74:26 and 52:48). Bulls received no (B0) or daily intraruminal infusions of 500 g n-butyric acid (B500) over 14 d. The infusion started 1 h after the morning feeding (9:00) and lasted for 3.5 h. Thus, four treatments (BOLL, B500LL, BOHL, and B500HL) were compared. Blood and rumen mucosa samples from the atrium ruminis were taken at the last day of each period. Length, width and surface of rumen papillae were greater (p < 0.001) in BOHL than in BOLL. Treatment with n-butyric acid resulted in an increase of the papillae surface of 20-40% (p = 0.047) for both nutritional levels as compared to periods without n-butyric acid treatments. The higher nutritional level and intraruminal n-butyric acid infusion induced epithelial cell death. The percentage of proliferative cells was doubled by n-butyric acid treatment. The mRNA of IGF-1 and IGF type 1 receptor (IGF-1R), as well as IGF-1R binding capacity were unaffected by butyric acid treatments. The abundance of IGF-1 mRNA tended to be lower (p = 0.1) and IGF-1R abundance was lower (p = 0.03) in response to the HL. The plasma IGF-1 concentration was lower with butyric acid treatment (p < 0.01), but was unaffected by the nutritional level. In conclusion, under described experimental preconditions of daily short-time intraruminal n-butyric acid infusion alterations of rumen papillae morphology is not mediated by ruminal IGF type 1 receptor and by local IGF-1 expression in papillae in castrated bulls.     

Differential expression of insulin-like growth factor-I and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 in the diabetic rat

Summary Multiple factors contribute to the growth retardation which is a characteristic feature of uncontrolled diabetes. In this report we have examined the effects of streptozotocin-induced (STZ) diabetes on expression of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) in various tissues. As early as 7 days after STZ administration there was a modest reduction in IGF-I mRNA abundance. The reduction (10–30%) was of similar magnitude in each of the 7 tissues examined; liver, kidney, lung, diaphragm, quadraceps, heart and adipose tissue. However, the reduction achieved statistical significance only in the lung (p < 0.05) and diaphragm (p < 0.01). A further reduction in IGF-I mRNA abundance was seen in many tissues, 32 and 91 days after STZ administration. In contrast to the decrease in IGF-I mRNA, IGFBP-1 mRNA was significantly increased in the liver and kidney of diabetic rats. IGFBP-1 mRNA was detectable at only very low levels in other tissues but was increased in diabetic rats compared non-diabetic rats. In diabetic rats, a highly significant correlation (R = 0.75, p < 0.001) between hepatic IGFBP-1 mRNA and glucose was observed whereas there was no significant correlation between serum glucose and hepatic IGF-I mRNA abundance (R = 0.24, p = NS). Treatment of diabetic rats with insulin resulted in a small, non significant increase in hepatic and renal IGF-I mRNA and a significant decrease in renal IGFBP-1 mRNA abundance. The observations reported here are consistent with the hypothesis that diminished IGF-I expression and inhibition of available IGF-1 by increased levels of IGFBP-1 may explain the impaired growth seen in diabetic animals.