转AtNHX1基因玉米的产生及其耐盐性分析

以玉米(ZeamaysL.)骨干自交系DH4866、齐319和鲁原16106的胚性愈伤组织为材料,采用农杆菌介导法将AtNHX1和hpt基因转入玉米培养细胞,经筛选获得了抗潮霉素的愈伤组织并再生植株。经PCR检测和Southernblot验证,确定了22.8%的再生植株为转基因植株。农杆菌液浓度、愈伤组织基因型及共培养时间对转化率均有明显影响。外源基因在转基因植株后代中的分离呈多样性,在部分株系中表现出孟德尔遗传规律。耐盐筛选表明,一些转基因植株及其后代具有很好的耐盐性,部分株系可在0.8%-1.0%NaCl溶液浇灌下萌发和生长。Northern杂交表明,植株耐盐性提高与AtNHX1基因的转录水平相一致。     

AtNHX1基因对草木樨状黄芪的转化和耐盐性表达研究

应用RT-PCR技术从100mmol/LNaCl胁迫处理的拟南芥幼中克隆得到编码液泡膜Na /H 逆向转运蛋白的AtNHX1基因cDNA 编码ORF.并在该ORF上游分别插入CaMV 35启动子和TMV RNA5'UTR的Ω片段,而在下游插入NOS polyA构建真核表达盒,进而将该表达盒插入双元植物表达栽体pNT质粒的T-DNA区构建了携带AtNHX1 基因的植物表达载体质粒pNT-AtNHX1.将pNT-AtNHX1 导入农杆菌LBA4404,用农杆菌介导法将AtNHX1 基因导入豆科牧草草木樨状黄芪中,共获得103株Kan抗性再生植株.通过对农杆菌茵液浓度、侵染时间和乙酰丁香酮浓度等影响转化效率的因素进行优化,初步建立了稳定的草木樨状黄芪农杆菌转化体系.经过PCR检测、Southern杂交和RT-PCR检测表明,AtNHX1 基因已被成功整合到草木樨状黄芪基因组中,并且能够正常转录.野生型和转基因株系诱发的愈伤组织进行耐盐生长实验,结果显示相同盐胁迫条件下,转基因愈伤组织的相对生长率显著高于野生型愈伤组织.施加梯度NaCl胁迫后,植株叶片K ,Na 含量和叶片相对电导率测定结果显示,转基因植物叶片比野生型积累更多的Na 和K ,维持较高的K /Na ;转基因株系叶片相对电导率显著低于野生型.上述结果表明,AtNHX1 基因的导入和表达在提高草木樨状黄芪耐盐性的同时减轻了盐胁迫对植物细胞膜的伤害.关键词: AtNHX1 草木樨状黄芪农杆菌遗传转化耐盐性.     

农杆菌介导的雪花莲凝集素基因转入玉米骨干自交系

以农杆菌AGL0介导,将雪花莲凝集素基因转入玉米骨干自交系齐319和掖515胚性愈伤组织细胞,从筛选后的抗性愈伤组织获得再生植株。农杆菌浓度和共培养时间均能显著影响侵染后玉米愈伤组织的抗性频率。在农杆菌浓度OD600 0．2～0．3,共培养时间3d时,侵染后玉米愈伤组织的抗性频率最高,平均约4％。对再生植株及其子代基因组DNA的PCR及Southern杂交分析表明雪花莲凝集素基因已经整合到玉米基因组中,并遗传给后代。在蚜虫人工接种试验中,转基因植株上蚜虫的繁殖力为非转基因对照植株上的50％,这表明转基因植株抗蚜性显著增强。     

农杆菌介导抗储粮害虫转基因小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)的获得及分析

以本实验室选育的小麦优良品系的胚性愈伤组织为材料,采用农杆菌介导将抗虫基因豇豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂基因CpTI转入小麦培养细胞,经筛选获得抗卡那霉素的愈伤组织并再生植株。经PCR和实时PCR检测、PCR-Southern和Southernblot验证,确定了3株独立再生植株为含有CpTI的转基因植株。农杆菌菌浓度、侵染时间及转化处理方式对小麦转化率均有明显影响。3株转基因植株正常可育并结籽,形成转基因株系。外源基因在转基因植株T1代中的分离呈多样性,部分株系(转基因株系T-Ⅰ、T-Ⅲ)表现出孟德尔遗传规律。抗虫试验表明,3株转基因植株T2代籽粒对储粮害虫麦蛾具有一定的抗性,转基因株系T-Ⅰ、T-Ⅱ、T-Ⅲ及非转基因植株的T2代籽粒虫蛀率分别为19·8%、21·9%、32·9%和58·3%。转基因植株T1代群体农艺性状调查显示,3个株系具有良好的农艺性状,为小麦的遗传改良提供了新的种质抗虫材料。     

农杆菌介导抗储粮害虫转基因小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)的获得及分析

以本实验室选育的小麦优良品系的胚性愈伤组织为材料,采用农杆菌介导将抗虫基因豇豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂基因CpTI转入小麦培养细胞,经筛选获得抗卡那霉素的愈伤组织并再生植株。经PCR和实时PCR检测、PCR-Southern和Southern blot验证,确定了3株独立再生植株为含有CpTI的转基因植株。农杆菌菌浓度、侵染时间及转化处理方式对小麦转化率均有明显影响。3株转基因植株正常可育并结籽,形成转基因株系。外源基因在转基因植株T₁代中的分离呈多样性,部分株系（转基因株系T-Ⅰ、T-Ⅲ）表现出孟德尔遗传规律。抗虫试验表明,3株转基因植株T₂代籽粒对储粮害虫麦蛾具有一定的抗性,转基因株系T-Ⅰ、T-Ⅱ、T-Ⅲ及非转基因植株的T2代籽粒虫蛀率分别为19.8%、21.9%、32.9%和58.3%。转基因植株T₁代群体农艺性状调查显示,3个株系具有良好的农艺性状,为小麦的遗传改良提供了新的种质抗虫材料。     

根癌农杆菌介导的高羊茅遗传转化研究

采用携带卡那霉素抗性基因nptⅡ和Na^ ／H^ 反向运输AtNHX1基因的表达载体pROK2／AtNHX1(带有35S启动子)和pROK2U／AtNHX1(带有ubi1启动子)的根癌农杆菌AGL1和GV3101,对4个品种高羊茅下胚轴来源的胚性愈伤组织进行了遗传转化。胚性愈伤组织经根癌农杆菌感染和共培养后,用50～150mg／L巴龙霉素筛选抗性愈伤组织,获得1126棵再生植株,用10～20mg／L卡那霉素进一步筛选再生植株,总共得到525棵绿色抗性植株。抗性植株的总DNA用AtNHX1基因的特异引物进行PCR检测,其中21棵为PCR阳性,最高转化频率为1．77％。Southern杂交结果证实,外源基因以低拷贝整合到高羊茅的基因组中,实验发现,在不同品种之间转化效率有所差异。     

转苏云金杆菌毒蛋白基因玉米植株的获得及其抗虫性分析

玉米( Zea mays L.)转化成功与否与基因型密切相关.在转化过程中,除少数模式品种能够形成再生频率较高且易转化的Ⅱ型愈伤组织外,大多数栽培品种往往只能够形成再生频率较低且不易转化的Ⅰ型愈伤组织.因此探索Ⅰ型愈伤组织的诱导及其转化条件,提高转化效率,对直接改良玉米优良自交系具有重要意义.应用基因枪转化技术将苏云金杆菌( Bacillus thuringiensis ) cry1Ac3基因导入玉米优良自交系E28及340的Ⅰ型胚性愈伤组织中,经过膦丝菌素(PPT)或潮霉素(HygB)筛选,获得了再生植株.经PCR检测、Southern blot分析及Bt毒蛋白ELISA检测证实,外源基因已整合到玉米基因组中,并已获得表达.抗虫性分析结果表明,部分转基因玉米植株对玉米螟虫有较强的抗性.还比较了PPT和HygB两种筛选剂的筛选效果,表明PPT筛选的抗性愈伤组织的再生频率要高于HygB筛选的再生频率.     

根癌农杆菌介导Bt基因转化水稻的研究

为了培育出无筛选标记基因的转基因水稻,试验将loxp-hpt-loxp基因与成基因连锁在-起转化水稻方法,得到loxp-hpt—loxp—Bt转基因水稻植株,再与同质的带有ere基因的水稻杂交,以定向删除潮霉素抗性筛选标记。试验表明以水稻品种“皖粳97”为供试材料,将成熟胚来源的愈伤组织用根癌农杆菌EHA105／pCAMBIA1305．1感染后,筛选出抗性愈伤组织并获得再生植株。经PCR验证,得到20棵转基因水稻植株。     

简单高效的根癌农杆菌介导的水稻基因转化方法

本文在研究影响农杆菌介导的水稻转化的主要因素基础上,建立了一套简单、高效的水稻转基因系统。将水稻成熟胚来源的愈伤组织用农杆菌EHA101/pHQ9,EHA 101/pHQ 10,EHA 101/pHQ T3感染后,筛选抗性愈伤,经分化获得转化株。抗性愈伤的平均得率为约100个愈伤/g愈伤外植体,抗性愈伤的分化频率平均高达85%。转基因植株的GUS染色、Southern杂交结果表明,T-DNA上的外源基因已整合进转基因植物的基因组中。转基因植株T1代对潮霉素的抗性表明,多数转基因株系符合孟德尔分离比3∶1。该系统的建立将有助于应用T-DNA标签法和基因打靶法进行水稻功能基因组的研究。     

简单高效的根癌农杆菌介导的水稻基因转化方法

本文在研究影响农杆菌介导的水稻转化的主要因素基础上,建立了一套简单、高效的水稻转基因系统。将水稻成熟胚来源的愈伤组织用农杆菌EHA101／pHQ9,EHA101／pHQ10,EHA101／pHQT3感染后,筛选抗性愈伤,经分化获得转化株。抗性愈伤的平均得率为约100个愈伤／g愈伤外植体,抗性愈伤的分化频率平均高达85％。转基因植株的GUS染色、Southern杂交结果表明,T-DNA上的外源基因已整合进转基因植物的基因组中。转基因植株T1代对潮霉素的抗性表明,多数转基因株系符合孟德尔分离比3：1。该系统的建立将有助于应用T—DNA标签法和基因打靶法进行水稻功能基因组的研究。     

The transgene pyramiding tobacco with betaine synthesis and heterologous expression of AtNHX1 is more tolerant to salt stress than either of the tobacco lines with betaine synthesis or AtNHX1

Previous studies have shown that the overexpression of betA (encoding choline dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli ) or AtNHX1 (a vacuolar Na⁺/H⁺ antiport from Arabidopsis thaliana ) gene can improve the salt tolerance of transgenic plants. However, little is known about the effects of the transgene pyramiding of betA and AtNHX1 . Here, betA  +  AtNHX1 transgene pyramiding tobacco was produced by sexual crossing, and the salt tolerance was evaluated at the cellular and plant levels. In NaCl stress, the Na⁺ concentration in vacuoles and vacuolar membrane potential of transgene pyramiding cells were similar to those of AtNHX1 -transgenics, and much higher than those of betA -transgenics when detected using fluorescent dye staining; transgene pyramiding cells showed a higher protoplast viability and comparable mitochondrial activity as compared with single transgenics; and transgene pyramiding plants showed comparable Na⁺ content in leaves as compared with AtNHX1 -transgenics and remarkably higher than betA -transgenics; and transgene pyramiding lines exhibited higher percentage of seed germination, better seedling growth and higher fresh weight than lines that had betA or AtNHX1 alone. Based on the integrative analysis of salt tolerance, the consistency between the cellular level and the whole plant level was confirmed and the transgene pyramiding plants exhibited improved salt tolerance, but compared with the plants with betA or AtNHX1 alone, the differences were relatively small. Other mechanisms involved in salt tolerance should be considered to further enhance transgene pyramiding plants salt tolerance.     

Enhanced Expression of <Emphasis Type="Italic">AtNHX1</Emphasis>, in Transgenic Groundnut (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Arachis hypogaea</Emphasis> L.) Improves Salt and Drought Tolerence

Salinity and drought are main threat to agriculture productivity, to avoid further losses it is necessary to improve the genetic material of crops against these stresses In this present study, AtNHX1, a vacuolar type Na⁺/H⁺ antiporter gene driven by 35S promoter was introduced into groundnut using Agrobacterium tumefaciens transformation system. The stable integration of the AtNHX1 gene was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and southern blot analysis. It was found that transgenic plants having AtNHX1 gene are more resistant to high concentration of salt and water deprivation than the wild type plants. Salt and proline level in the leaves of the transgenic plants were also much higher than that of wild type plants. The results showed that overexpression of AtNHX1 gene not only improved salt tolerance but also drought tolerance in transgenic groundnut. Our results suggest that these plants could be cultivated in salt and drought-affected soils.     

Overexpression of AtNHX5 improves tolerance to both salt and water stress in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Overexpression of NHX genes has been previously shown to improve salt tolerance of transgenic plants. In this study, transgenic rice plants overexpressing AtNHX5 showed not only high salt tolerance, but also high drought tolerance. Measurements of ion levels indicated that Na⁺ and K⁺ contents were all higher in AtNHX5 overexpressing shoots than in wild type (WT) shoots in high saline conditions. After exposure to water deficiency and salt stress, the WT plants all died, while the AtNHX5 overexpressing rice plants had a higher survival rate, dry weight, leaf water content, and leaf chlorophyll contents, accumulated more proline, and had less membrane damage than the WT plants. In addition, seeds of both transgenic and WT plants germinated on 1/2 MS medium supplemented with 250 mM mannitol, but overexpression of AtNHX5 improved the shoot growth of the seedlings. Taken together, the results indicate that AtNHX5 gene could enhance the tolerance of rice plants to multiple environmental stresses by promoting the accumulation of more effective osmolytes (ions or proline) to counter the osmotic stress caused by abiotic factors.     

Expression of an Arabidopsis vacuolar sodium/proton antiporter gene in cotton improves photosynthetic performance under salt conditions and increases fiber yield in the field

Drought and salinity are two major limiting factors in crop productivity. One way to reduce crop loss caused by drought and salinity is to increase the solute concentration in the vacuoles of plant cells. The accumulation of sodium ions inside the vacuoles provides a 2-fold advantage: (i) reducing the toxic levels of sodium in cytosol; and (ii) increasing the vacuolar osmotic potential with the concomitant generation of a more negative water potential that favors water uptake by the cell and better tissue water retention under high soil salinity. The success of this approach was demonstrated in several plants, where the overexpression of the Arabidopsis gene AtNHX1 that encodes a vacuolar sodium/proton antiporter resulted in higher plant salt tolerance. Overexpression of AtNHX1 increases sodium uptake in vacuoles, which leads to increased vacuolar solute concentration and therefore higher salt tolerance in transgenic plants. In an effort to engineer cotton for higher drought and salt tolerance, we created transgenic cotton plants expressing AtNHX1. These AtNHX1-expressing cotton plants generated more biomass and produced more fibers when grown in the presence of 200 mM NaCl in greenhouse conditions. The increased fiber yield was probably due to better photosynthetic performance and higher nitrogen assimilation rates observed in the AtNHX1-expressing cotton plants as compared with wild-type cotton plants under saline conditions. Furthermore, the field-grown AtNHX1-expressing cotton plants produced more fibers with better quality, indicating that AtNHX1 can indeed be used for improving salt stress tolerance in cotton.     

NRRB在水稻应答高盐和干旱胁迫中的功能解析

为研究NRRB在水稻抗逆反应中的作用,通过重叠延伸PCR扩增NRRB基因编码区,构建超量表达载体,并转化水稻愈伤组织获得超量表达转基因水稻植株。鉴定结果表明,该基因已被整合到水稻基因组中,并实现超量表达;同时构建了抑制表达载体,获得转基因株系,PCR检测结果证实NRRB基因在转基因水稻中受到明显抑制。对T1代转基因植株进行抗旱性、耐盐性分析,结果显示,超量表达NRRB基因增强了转基因水稻对干旱的抗性,抑制表达NRRB基因的转基因水稻对干旱的敏感性增强,表明NRRB正调控水稻对干旱的抗性;耐盐性分析表明,NRRB基因的抑制表达降低了植株对盐的敏感性。