基于激光雷达数据的森林表层土壤机质空间格局反演

森林土壤是陆地生态系统的主要碳库,其有机质含量是估算碳储量的基础数据,也是评价土壤碳汇功能的重要指标.利用2009年8月采集的凉水自然保护区激光雷达(LiDAR)数据和55块固定样地土壤有机质含量数据,结合偏最小二乘算法,反演森林表层土壤有机质的空间格局,提取并筛选出与土壤有机质分布相关的变量,分析并确定变量(强度、点数、高程、坡度和坡向)值与土壤有机质含量的相关关系,建立土壤有机质含量的预测模型并检验.结果表明:研究区域表层土壤有机质含量与强度、点数和高程3变量呈极显著相关(r分别为0.765、0.423和0.475);基于此3变量的预测模型对研究区域表层土壤有机质含量的预测结果可靠(精度83.3％,R2=0.725,RMSE=1.955).研究区林缘和郁闭度较小林分的表层土壤有机质含量＜100 g·kg-1;大部分区域表层土壤有机质含量为I00～ 150 g·kg-1,少部分区域为150 ～318.4 g· kg-1.     

基于TM影像的表层土壤有机碳空间格局

土壤有机碳是土壤肥力的核心指标之一,理解其空间分布格局对促进精准农业的发展和科学施肥具有重要意义.本研究旨在检验TM影像结合地面采样数据分析黑龙江省黑土分布区表层土壤有机碳空间分布格局的可行性.结果表明:1)表层土壤有机碳浓度与TM5波段呈显著正相关(r=0.553,P＜0.01),与TM4、TM5波段影像像素值之间满足二次多项式回归关系(R2=0.6791,P＜0.05);2)回归模型对表层土壤有机碳空间分布格局具有较好的预测效果(R2=0.7097,P＜0.05);3)海拔高于200 m的地区表层土壤有机碳浓度显著高于海拔低于200 m的地区(P＜0.05).     

石门雄黄矿周边地区土壤砷分布及农产品健康风险评估

对石门雄黄矿区周边土壤和作物进行了系统研究.结果表明:矿区表层(0～20cm)土壤砷含量平均为99.51mg·kg-1,比湖南省土壤砷含量背景值高出5.34倍,为当地普通农田土壤的9.70倍;矿区水田和旱地表层土壤砷含量分别为43.51和115.1mg·kg-1,分别超出国家土壤环境质量II级标准0.45和1.87倍,相应的表层土壤样本超标率分别为62.5%和50.0%;矿区粮食作物、蔬菜和水果可食部位砷含量分别为0.16、0.06、0.01mg·kg-1,作物样本超标比例由高至低的顺序为粮食作物蔬菜水果,其中以稻米、红薯中砷含量超标较严重,稻米砷含量最高达0.84mg·kg-1,超过国家食品质量标准4.6倍,样本超标率达62.5%.土壤砷含量与作物砷含量呈极显著正相关(P0.01),当地居民通过食用矿区农产品进入人体的平均日摄取砷量为6.416μg·kg-1·d-1,远高于WHO的推荐标准,相应人群健康风险指数为21.39,是对照区的15.39倍.     

祁连山南坡表层土壤有机质含量反演

文章采用对数函数模型, 借助有机质含量的实测数据, 结合MODIS遥感影像, 反演祁连山南坡表层土壤有机质含量, 揭示其空间分布特征, 进一步为祁连山生态环境保护与土壤质量评价提供可靠的依据。结果表明: (1)MODIS遥感影像可见光波段为表层土壤有机质的敏感波段, 且该波段与表层土壤有机质含量具有良好的负相关关系; (2)土壤有机质含量呈现西北低东南高的空间分布特征; (3)土壤有机质含量的空间异质性与植被的空间异质性一致。     

水源涵养林不同植被类型土壤NH_4~+-N和NO_3~--N分布特征

以辽宁东部山地水源涵养林为对象,选择槭树-蒙古栎林、山杨林、白桦-山杨林和落叶松人工林等4种植被类型,测定其土壤NH4+-N、NO3--N、pH值、容重、有机碳和全氮等理化指标,分析了植被类型、土壤层次与土壤无机氮分布特征之间的关系。结果表明:4种植被类型土壤NH4+-N、NO3--N在土壤表层(0~5 cm)含量最高,由表层向下逐渐降低;土壤总无机氮含量大小为落叶松人工林(27.46 mg·kg-1)山杨林(21.76 mg·kg-1)槭树-蒙古栎林(19.09 mg·kg-1)白桦-山杨林(17.88 mg·kg-1);阔叶林中NH4+-N是土壤无机氮的主要存在形式,而落叶松人工林土壤中NO3--N所占比例较高;水源涵养林土壤NH4+-N、NO3--N均与土壤有机质、土壤含水量呈极显著正相关(P0.01)。总体而言,植被类型对土壤无机氮分布有较大影响,研究结果可为辽东山区水源涵养林植被类型的选择和结构调控提供参考。     

基于棉花功能叶高光谱参数的土壤电导率监测模拟

通过2008-2009年在江苏南京农业大学牌楼试验站的盆栽试验,选择耐盐棉花品种中棉所44和盐敏感性品种苏棉12号为材料,模拟5种不同含盐水平的滨海盐土(0、0.35％、0.60％、0.85％和1.00％),分析了棉花生育期棉田土壤电导率与棉花功能叶光谱反射率和高光谱参数的关系,并建立了棉田土壤电导率(EC)的定量监测模型.结果表明:棉花功能叶光谱反射率在近红外和中红外区域均随土壤盐分水平的升高而升高;以敏感波段1350nm和2307 nm构建的归一化光谱指数NDSI(R1350,R2307)与土壤电导率的决定系数最高,基于此构建了基于NDSI(R1350,R2307)的棉田土壤EC监测模型:EC=-42.899NDSI(R1350,R2307)+27.338;在光谱微分参数中,以TM影像第5个波段的光谱反射率(TM5-SWIR)与棉田土壤EC的决定系数最高,构建了基于TM5-SWIR的棉田土壤EC监测模型:EC=0.0574 TM5-SWIR2-2.5928 TM5-SWIR+ 30.021.以NDSI(R1350,R2307)和TM5-SWIR为自变量的监测模型的预测精度均较高,分别为0.887和0.814,根均方差均较小,分别为1.09和1.29 dS·m-1.利用棉花功能叶NDSI(R1350,R2307)和TM5-SWIR均能较好地监测棉田土壤电导率.     

基于无人机的冬小麦拔节期表层土壤有机质含量遥感反演

快速监测大面积分布的盐渍化麦田土壤有机质含量,可为推进盐渍土改良和促进碳循环研究提供数据支撑。通过野外采样与获取无人机遥感影像,分别基于裸土和植被情况,采用多元线性回归(MLR)、偏最小二乘回归(PLSR)和支持向量机回归(SVR)3种方法,建立区域有机质含量遥感模型,并进行检验和对比,确定最优的土壤有机质含量反演模型;最后基于最优模型进行研究区表层土壤有机质的反演,并与插值结果进行比较。结果表明: 经5×5的中值滤波处理后的光谱与土壤表层有机质对应最优;3种模型中,SVR模型的预测精度最高,PLSR次之,MLR效果最差。对比两种变量的建模效果,基于植被的SVR建模效果最好,其建模决定系数(R²)、均方根误差(RMSE)分别为0.89、0.20,验证R²、RMSE分别为0.82、0.24;基于裸土的建模效果不理想,最优的也是SVR模型,其建模R²、RMSE分别为0.63、0.26,验证R²、RMSE分别为0.61、0.25。根据最优模型反演得到该区域有机质含量为17.51～22.53 g·kg^-1,平均值为19.51 g·kg^-1,与实地调查结果较为一致;插值结果与反演结果相比,精度受到限制。综上,基于无人机多光谱可以对盐渍土冬小麦拔节期土壤有机质含量进行快速、大范围精准估测。     

贵阳市表层土壤中多环芳烃的分布特征及来源解析

运用高效液相色谱仪对贵阳市区及近郊的表层土壤中16种多环芳烃(PAHs)进行了定量分析,对其分布特征、污染水平以及来源进行了探讨.结果表明:土壤中PAHs含量为61～ 1560 μg·kg-1,城区土壤样品中PAHs含量为247～1560 μg·kg-1,郊区土壤样品中PAHs含量为61 ～339 μg· kg-1,土壤中4环、5环PAHs含量较高,在土壤PAHs含量中占有绝对优势;参照国外环境标准,对区域表层土壤PAHs的污染现状进行了评价,结果显示,贵阳市表层土壤受到一定程度的PAHs污染.利用相关系数法和典型源三角图法对PAHs的可能来源进行了解析,发现贵阳市的土壤主要受到燃煤排放以及混合污染源——燃煤与汽车尾气排放PAHs的联合污染.     

濒危植物东方水韭（Isoёtes orientalis）自然生境土壤营养状况及水体pH值分析

对东方水韭(Iso(e)tes orientalis H. Liu et Q. F. Wang) 2个自然样地(浙江松阳叔婆湾和小烂湖)生境土壤主要营养成分含量进行了比较分析,并对叔婆湾样地水体pH值进行了测定,在此基础上,对导致东方水韭濒危的土壤及水体因素进行了讨论.结果显示:东方水韭叔婆湾样地的土壤有机质、总氮、速效磷、速效钾和总铁离子(包括Fe3+和Fe2+)含量分别为102.7 g·kg-1、3.1 g·kg-1、18.1 μg·g-1、15.0 μg·g-1和221.6 μg·g-1;小烂湖样地土壤中上述营养成分的含量分别为122.8 g·kg-1、4.8 g·kg-1、13.7 μg·g-1、7.1 μg·g-1和240.0 μg·g-1.小烂湖样地土壤中有机质、总氮和速效钾含量显著或极显著高于叔婆湾样地,2个样地间速效磷和总铁离子含量差异不显著, 但2个样地土壤中速效钾含量极低、总铁离子含量丰富. 叔婆湾样地中上、中、下游水体的pH值分别为pH 6.35、pH 6.53和pH 6.49,略呈中性.分析结果表明,东方水韭2个自然样地的土壤均为有机质、总氮、速效磷以及总铁离子含量较为丰富且速效钾含量较低的土壤类型,土壤中速效钾极度缺乏和水体中性化很可能是限制东方水韭种群发展的重要环境因素.     

人工林和农田对东北地区土壤碳、氮含量及相关指标垂直分布的影响

以兴安落叶松(Larix gmelinii)人工林及其附近农田为研究对象,选取8组配对样地不同土层进行相关指标测定。结果发现:多数样地(8组中的7组)0～20 cm土层有机碳含量林地高于农田37%,但深层(20～80 cm)农田高于林地8%～58%;土壤无机碳中所有样地平均显示林地高于农田(林地:1.33 mg·kg-1;农田:1.17 mg·kg-1);表层(0～20 cm)林地土壤全氮和碱解氮多高于农田,平均高出20%和34%,而深层土壤中(20～80 cm)多表现为相反趋势,这使得0～80 cm土层平均林地(6%)<农田(4%)。0～20 cm土层多为林地pH值>农田,林地电导率、容重<农田,而深层多(4～5组样地)多表现为相反趋势,0～80 cm土壤平均显示pH值差异不大,农田电导率>林地约2.22μs·cm-1,而容重差异仅0.02 g·cm-3(1%)。上述结果说明,土地利用对表层和深层影响差异明显,甚至趋势相反,农田和林地土壤碳及相关理化指标发生了明显垂直分布特征变化。过分强调土壤表层而得出的农田使SOC大量减少、土壤肥力下降的结论,在考虑深层土壤后能够明显降低上述数据的大小。这一发现说明需要同时考虑表层和深层土壤碳和氮等指标变化,以得出更科学的结论。     

黄土丘陵区表层土壤有机碳沿降水梯度的分布

沿368～591 mm降水量梯度选取7个调查地点、共63个调查样点,在每个样点选择恢复年限相近的林地、草地和农地,调查表层（0～30 cm）土壤有机碳的分布特征,分析气候、土层深度和土地利用类型等因素对土壤有机碳分布的影响.结果表明： 在黄土丘陵区368～591 mm的降水量范围内,表层土壤有机碳含量表现为草地（8.70 g·kg^-1）>林地（7.88 g·kg^-1）>农地（7.73 g·kg^-1）,土壤有机碳密度表现为草地（20.28 kg·m^-2）>农地（19.34 kg·m^-2）>林地（17.14 kg·m^-2）.林地、草地、农地的土壤有机碳含量无显著差异,综合3种土地利用类型的数据分析表明,不同降雨梯度下土壤有机碳含量差异显著（P<0.001）,土壤有机碳含量（r=0.838,P<0.001）与年均降水量间存在显著线性正相关关系;由北向南（以最北端鄂尔多斯为起点）,土壤有机碳含量沿着368～591 mm的年均降水量梯度的递增速率为0.04 g·kg^-1·mm^-1,土壤有机碳密度的递增速率为0.08 kg·m^-2·mm^-1.年均降水量、土壤黏粒含量、林下枯落物蓄积量和农作物根系密度可较好地模拟表层土壤有机碳分布.     

火烧对黔中喀斯特山地马尾松林土壤理化性质的影响

在黔中喀斯特山地马尾松人工次生林内取样分析火烧和对照样地间土壤理化指标的变化,研究了火烧对林地土壤理化性质的影响。结果表明马尾松火烧林地表层土壤毛管孔隙度和总孔隙度升高、最大持水量和最小持水量增加,土壤密度和非毛管孔隙度降低、土壤质量含水量和体积含水量减少;土壤有机质、全N量、全P量、全K量,水解N量、有效P量、速效K量、交换性盐基量和pH值增大,阳离子交换量降低。林火对马尾松林地土壤主要理化指标影响的趋势为或表层土壤影响率大于剖面影响率、或表层土壤影响率小于剖面影响率,不同指标在土壤剖面的变化趋势或增加、或降低,对数或幂函数拟合曲线均达相关显著性水平。火烧和对照样地间的表层土壤理化指标变化主要反映了林火影响,近岩层土壤理化指标变化主要是成土母质在空间上的分异,也受生物的影响。乔木层植株死亡率同表层土壤最大持水量、最小持水量、有机质量和全N量的正相关性显著,同土壤密度的负相关性显著;灌木层植株死亡率同表层土壤密度正相关性显著,同毛管孔隙度、总孔隙度、质量含水量、最大持水量、最小持水量、有机质量、全N量、全P量和速效K量的负相关性达显著或极显著水平;灌木层生物损失量同表层土壤密度和有机质量正相关显著,同速效K量的负相关性显著,枯物层生物损失量同pH值的正相关性显著。火烧马尾松林分平均胸径同表层土壤密度正相关性显著,同毛管孔隙度、总孔隙度、质量含水量、最大持水量、最小持水量和有机质量的负相关性显著。     

蚂蚁筑巢对西双版纳热带森林土壤有机氮矿化的影响

蚂蚁作为生态系统工程师能够调节土壤微生物及理化环境,进而对热带森林土壤有机氮矿化速率及其时间动态产生显著影响。以西双版纳白背桐热带森林群落为研究对象,采用室内需氧培养法测定土壤有机氮矿化速率,比较蚁巢和非蚁巢土壤有机氮矿化速率的时间动态,揭示蚂蚁筑巢活动引起土壤无机氮库、微生物生物量碳及化学性质改变对有机氮矿化速率时间动态的影响。结果表明：（1）蚂蚁筑巢显著影响土壤有机氮矿化速率（P<0.01）,相较于非蚁巢,蚁巢土壤有机氮矿化速率提高了261%;（2）土壤有机氮矿化速率随月份推移呈明显的单峰型变化趋势,即6月最大（蚁巢1.22 mg kg^-1 d^-1、非蚁巢0.41 mg kg^-1 d^-1）,12月最小（蚁巢0.82 mg kg^-1 d^-1、非蚁巢0.18 mg kg^-1 d^-1）;（3）两因素方差分析表明,不同月份及不同处理对土壤有机氮矿化速率、NH₄-N及NO₃-N产生显著影响（P<0.05）,但对NO₃-N的交互作用不显著;（4）蚂蚁筑巢显著提高了无机氮库（NH₄-N与NO₃-N）、微生物生物量碳、有机质、水解氮、全氮及易氧化有机碳等土壤养分含量,而降低了土壤pH值;（5）回归分析表明,铵态氮和硝态氮对土壤有机氮矿化速率产生显著影响,分别解释87.89%、61.84%的有机氮矿化速率变化;（6）主成份分析表明NH₄-N、微生物生物量碳及有机质是影响有机氮矿化速率时间动态的主要因素,而全氮、NO₃-N、易氧化有机碳、水解氮及pH对土壤有机氮矿化速率的影响次之,且pH与土壤有机氮矿化速率呈显著负相关。总之,蚂蚁筑巢活动主要通过影响土壤NH₄-N、微生物生物量碳及有机质的状况,进而调控西双版纳热带森林土壤有机氮矿化速率的时间动态。研究结果将有助于进一步提高对土壤氮矿化生物调控机制的认识。     

落叶松林土壤可溶性碳、氮和官能团特征的时空变化及与土壤理化性质的关系

土壤可溶性有机碳(DOC)、可溶性有机氮(DON)及其官能团特征在土壤碳、氮循环中作用非常重要。对25个不同年龄落叶松林样地、4个深度(0-20、20-40、40-60和60-80 cm)土壤DOC、DON、有机物官能团(芳香性、分子量和疏水性)特征指标(254、260、272 nm和280 nm的单位吸光度值SUVA:吸光度值/DOC含量)和土壤理化指标(土壤全碳SOC、全氮SON、pH值、电导率、容重)进行测定,旨在探究它们的时、空变化特征及与土壤理化指标相关关系。在空间尺度上,与SOC、SON一致,表层土壤DOC、DON多显著高于深层(P<0.05),但是4个单位吸光度值SUVA₂₅₄、SUVA₂₆₀、SUVA₂₇₂和 SUVA₂₈₀均不存在差异(P>0.05);在时间尺度上,仅表层土壤DOC、SOC 和SON随落叶松年龄显著线性增长(P<0.05),而深层DOC、SOC、SON、不同层土壤DON及各官能团指标均没有显著变化(P>0.05)。可见,土壤可溶性有机物内碳的累积(7 mg kg^-1 a^-1)是SOC累积的一部分(762 mg kg^-1 a^-1),但其DON及可溶性有机物芳香性比例、分子量大小及疏水性容量等官能团特征并未受落叶松生长时间以及土壤深度的显著影响。进一步回归分析表明这些官能团指标随土壤DOC含量增加而指数下降,深层土壤同时受DON显著影响。表层土壤DOC、DON与土壤SOC、SON、土壤电导率显著正相关(P<0.05),深层相关不显著(P>0.05),而官能团指标与土壤理化性质的相关性在各个土层均不显著,显示出表层土壤可溶性有机物的量,而不是官能团组成对土壤理化性质影响显著,而深层土壤可溶性有机物量对土壤理化性质不构成显著影响。对于从可溶性组分、官能团角度,分析落叶松人工林成长过程中土壤碳、氮时空变化具有科学意义。     

Soil organic carbon pool changes following land‐use conversions

Carbon (C) can be sequestered in the mineral soil after the conversion of intensively cropped agricultural fields to more extensive land uses such as afforested and natural succession ecosystems. Three land‐use treatments from the long‐term ecological research site at Kellogg biological station in Michigan were compared with a nearby deciduous forest. Treatments included a conventionally tilled cropland, a former cropland afforested with poplar for 10 years and an old field (10 years) succession. We used soil aggregate and soil organic matter fractionation techniques to isolate C pools that (1) have a high potential for C storage and (2) accumulate C at a fast rate during afforestation or succession. These fractions could serve as sensitive indicators for the total change in C content due to land‐use changes. At the mineral soil surface (0–7 cm), afforesting significantly increased soil aggregation to levels similar to native forest. However, surface soil (0–7 cm) C did not follow this trend: soil C of the native forest site (22.9 t C ha^?1) was still significantly greater than the afforested (12.6 t C ha^?1) and succession (15.4 t C ha^?1) treatments. However, when the 0–50 cm soil layer was considered, no differences in total soil C were observed between the cropland and the poplar afforested system, while the successional system increased total soil C (0–50 cm) at a rate of 0.786 t C ha^?1 yr^?1. Afforested soils sequestered C mainly in the fine intra‐aggregate particulate organic matter (POM) (53–250 μm), whereas the successional soils sequestered C preferentially in the mineral‐associated organic matter and fine intra‐aggregate POM C pools.     

Effect of pH and dissolved organic matter on the abundance of nirK and nirS denitrifiers in spruce forest soil

Acid N depositions in the Bohemian Forest during the second half of the last century caused enormous soil acidification which led to the leaching of essential nutrients including nitrates. We investigated the effect of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and pH on the abundance of 16S RDNA, nirK and nirS gene copies in four spruce forest sites. Soil samples for molecular based quantification (qPCR) were taken from the organic litter and humus layers. The amounts of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved nitrogen (DN) were much lower in highly acidified soils. We found a strong correlation between nirK denitrifiers and the amount of available P (r = 0.83, p < 0.001), which suggested a higher nutrient sensitivity of this group of denitrifying bacteria. Additionally, we found that correlations between the amount of nirK denitrifiers and DOC and pH are exponentional showing two important threshold values, being 4.8 mol kg^?1 and 5, respectively. The amount of nirK denitrifiers rapidly decreased below these values. The amount of nirK and nirS denitrifiers was higher in the organic litter horizon than the organic humus horizon at all sampling sites.     

Soil pH and electrical conductivity are key edaphic factors shaping bacterial communities of greenhouse soils in Korea

Soil microorganisms play an essential role in soil ecosystem processes such as organic matter decomposition, nutrient cycling, and plant nutrient availability. The land use for greenhouse cultivation has been increasing continuously, which involves an intensive input of agricultural materials to enhance productivity; however, relatively little is known about bacterial communities in greenhouse soils. To assess the effects of environmental factors on the soil bacterial diversity and community composition, a total of 187 greenhouse soil samples collected across Korea were subjected to bacterial 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing analysis. A total of 11,865 operational taxonomic units at a 97% similarity cutoff level were detected from 847,560 sequences. Among nine soil factors evaluated; pH, electrical conductivity (EC), exchangeable cations (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺, and K⁺), available P₂O₅, organic matter, and NO₃-N, soil pH was most strongly correlated with bacterial richness (polynomial regression, pH: R² = 0.1683, P < 0.001) and diversity (pH: R² = 0.1765, P < 0.001). Community dissimilarities (Bray-Curtis distance) were positively correlated with Euclidean distance for pH and EC (Mantel test, pH: r = 0.2672, P < 0.001; EC: r = 0.1473, P < 0.001). Among dominant phyla (> 1%), the relative abundances of Proteobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, and Planctomycetes were also more strongly correlated with pH and EC values, compared with other soil cation contents, such as Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺, and K⁺. Our results suggest that, despite the heterogeneity of various environmental variables, the bacterial communities of the intensively cultivated greenhouse soils were particularly influenced by soil pH and EC. These findings therefore shed light on the soil microbial ecology of greenhouse cultivation, which should be helpful for devising effective management strategies to enhance soil microbial diversity and improving crop productivity.     

黄土高原小流域土壤pH、阳离子交换量和有机质分布特征

通过野外调查采样和室内分析,研究了黄土高原小流域土壤pH、阳离子交换量（cation exchange capacity,CEC）和有机质的分布特征及其与土地利用方式、地形条件和土壤类型的关系.结果表明：黄土高原小流域土壤pH、CEC和有机质分别介于7.7～8.6、11.9～28.7 cmol·kg^-1和3.0～27.9 g·kg^-1,分别服从正态分布、对数正态分布和负二项分布.3种土壤性质随地形、土地利用方式和土壤类型的不同差异很大.不同土地利用方式下,土壤有机质和CEC以林地、草地和农田较高,果园较低;pH则以林地较低,其他利用方式较高;不同地形条件下,3种土壤性质均呈塬面和坡地大于沟道和梯田的趋势;不同类型土壤中,有机质和CEC以黑垆土和红土较高,pH则以黄绵土较高.整体上,土壤有机质和CEC呈现出相似的变化趋势,而pH的分布特征则与之相反.     

南亚热带森林土壤有机碳组分对模拟酸雨的早期响应

应用人工模拟酸雨控制实验,探讨鼎湖山国家级自然保护区三种南亚热带主要植被类型(季风常绿阔叶林、针阔叶混交林和马尾松林)的土壤有机碳组分,包括土壤总有机碳(TOC)、土壤易氧化有机碳(ROC)、土壤不易氧化有机碳(NROC),在不同模拟酸雨处理梯度:对照CK(pH4.5的天然湖水)、pH4.0、pH3.5、pH3.0处理下的响应特征。结果表明:上层土壤(0~20cm)易氧化有机碳、不易氧化有机碳和总有机碳含量与森林类型密切相关,大小顺序均表现为混交林阔叶林马尾松林。经25个月模拟酸雨处理,鼎湖山森林土壤酸化有加剧的趋势;CK、pH4.0、pH3.5、pH3.0四个处理下土壤上层剖面易氧化有机碳含量分别为阔叶林(7.14、8.29、8.74、9.84g·kg-1)、混交林(8.58、8.53、10.28、10.36g·kg-1)和马尾松林(3.90、4.49、4.74、5.48g·kg-1),三个林型土壤易氧化有机碳含量呈现随模拟酸雨强度增加而升高的趋势;森林土壤总有机碳和不易氧化有机碳含量变化缓慢,在各酸梯度处理下差异不显著(P0.05)。研究结果显示,长期的酸雨作用使土壤酸化不断加剧,易氧化有机碳对酸雨的响应更敏感,但其在酸雨下积累的趋势不利于土壤总有机碳的存埋,但关于酸雨对土壤总有机碳的影响仍然需要长期的实验监测。     

Seasonal Dynamics of Soil Labile Organic Carbon and Enzyme Activities in Relation to Vegetation Types in Hangzhou Bay Tidal Flat Wetland

Soil labile organic carbon and soil enzymes play important roles in the carbon cycle of coastal wetlands that have high organic carbon accumulation rates. Soils under three vegetations (Phragmites australis, Spartina alterniflora, and Scirpusm mariqueter) as well as bare mudflat in Hangzhou Bay wetland of China were collected seasonally. Seasonal dynamics and correlations of soil labile organic carbon fractions and soil enzyme activities were analyzed. The results showed that there were significant differences among vegetation types in the contents of soil organic carbon (SOC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC), excepting for that of microbial biomass carbon (MBC). The P. australis soil was with the highest content of both SOC (7.86 g kg^-1) and DOC (306 mg kg^-1), while the S. mariqueter soil was with the lowest content of SOC (6.83 g kg^-1), and the bare mudflat was with the lowest content of DOC (270 mg kg^-1). Soil enzyme activities were significantly different among vegetation types except for urease. The P. australis had the highest annual average activity of alkaline phosphomonoesterase (21.4 mg kg^-1 h^-1), and the S. alterniflora had the highest annual average activities of β-glycosidase (4.10 mg kg^-1 h^-1) and invertase (9.81mg g^-1 24h^-1); however, the bare mudflat had the lowest activities of alkaline phosphomonoesterase (16.2 mg kg^-1 h^-1), β-glycosidase (2.87 mg kg^-1 h^-1), and invertase (8.02 mg g^-1 24h^-1). Analysis also showed that the soil labile organic carbon fractions and soil enzyme activities had distinct seasonal dynamics. In addition, the soil MBC content was significantly correlated with the activities of urease and β-glucosidase. The DOC content was significantly correlated with the activities of urease, alkaline phosphomonoesterase, and invertase. The results indicated that vegetation type is an important factor influencing the spatial-temporal variation of soil enzyme activities and labile organic carbon in coastal wetlands.