四川西部秽蝇族四新种(双翅目:蝇科)

报道四川秽蝇亚科Coenosiinae秽蝇族Coenosiini新种：短指秽蝇,新种Coenosiabrachyodactylasp．nov．;虎爪溜芒蝇,新种Cariceaungulitiorissp．nov．;后侧叶溜芒蝇,新种Lariceapostifoliferasp.nov.;寒溜芒蝇,新种Cariceafrigidasp．nov。模式标本存沈阳师范学院昆虫研究所。     

中国棘蝇属半月棘蝇种团及三新种记述(双翅目:蝇科)

报道采自四川地区棘蝇属PhaoniaRobineau Desvidy ,1830半月棘蝇种团Phaoniasemilu naragroup及 3新种 :半月棘蝇PhaoniasemilunaraFeng ,sp .nov .,亚半月棘蝇Phaoniasubsemilu naraFeng ,sp .nov .及宝麟棘蝇PhaoniabaoliniFeng ,sp .nov .。模式标本存北京军事医学科学院医学昆虫标本馆     

秽蝇属豹爪秽蝇新种团一新种（双翅目：蝇科）

记述秽蝇属一新种豹爪秽蝇Coenosia ungulipardus sp.nov.,该种应独立为豹爪秽蝇新种团C. ungulipardus-group,它同白角秽蝇种团C. albicornis-group相近似,但新种团特征是雄额三角伸延至额中部,无外顶鬃,触角不变短;下腋瓣短小,背中鬃1+3;足黑色,后胫前背鬃2;肛尾叶和侧尾叶均细长,阳基后突较明显等。模式标本存于沈阳师范学院昆虫研究所。     

新疆阳蝇属四新种(双翅目:蝇科)

报告采自新疆蝇科阳蝇属Helina R.-D.4新种,即眼鬃阳蝇Helina ocellijuba sp.nov.,粘叶阳蝇Helina mallocerca sp.nov.,狭跗阳蝇Helina stenotarsis sp.nov.和板刺阳蝇Helina sterniteoacaena sp.nov.。模式标本保存于中国科学院动物研究所。     

中国内蒙古地区点池蝇属一新种(双翅目,蝇科)

记述分布于内蒙古地区的蝇科Muscidae秽蝇亚科Coenosiinae中的点池蝇属Spilogona Schnabl 1新种:鹦喙点池蝇S.psittorhamphos sp.nov..模式标本保存于军事医学科学院微生物流行病研究所医学昆虫标本馆.     

中国四川省有瓣蝇类三新种(双翅目:厕蝇科,蝇科)

报道采自中国四川省西部山区有瓣蝇类Calyptraae3新种：厕蝇科Fanniiade厕蝇属Fannia2新种：五枝厕蝇Fannia quinquiramula sp.nov.,虞氏厕蝇Fannia yui sp.nov.;蝇科Muscidae棘蝇属Phaonia 1新种：太子棘蝇Phaonia taizipingga sp.nov.。新种虞氏侧蝇的命名,系对虞以新教授在中国蠓科Ceratopogoinidae等医学昆虫研究所作杰出贡献的敬意。厕蝇科模式标本存中国沈阳师范学院昆虫研究所;蝇科模式标本存北京军事医学科学院微生物流行病研究所医学昆虫标本馆。     

中国贵州妙蝇属(双翅目,蝇科)研究及净妙蝇群五新种记述(英文)

系贵州地区妙蝇属Myospila Rondani研究的系列论文之一,记述该属1新种群:净妙蝇群M.species-lauta并描述该新种群5新种:冯氏妙蝇M.fengisp.nov.,肖黄基妙蝇M.flavibasisoides sp.nov.,亚黄基妙蝇M.subflavibasis sp.nov.,亚净妙蝇M.sublauta sp.nov.和黄褐妙蝇M.xuthosa sp.nov.。文中给出了净妙蝇群的定义,编制了新种群所有已知种的检索表,描述了新种详细的形态特征及其与近缘种的鉴别特征。新种的模式标本保存于作者所在单位。     

中国四川阳蝇属二新种及华西粪蝇补充描述（双翅目：蝇科，粪蝇科）

报道中国四川地区蝇科阳蝇属Helina Robineau-Desvoidy,1830二新种,黑肩阳蝇Helina ateritegula,sp.nov.,拱阳蝇Helina arcuatiabdomina,sp.nov.,并对粪蝇科粪蝇属Scathophaga Meigen,1803的华西粪蝇Scathophaga chinensis (Malloch,1935)作补充描述,新种模式标本存中国科学院上海昆虫研究所昆虫标本馆。     

中国四川厕蝇属六新种(双翅目,厕蝇科)

记述厕蝇科厕蝇属6新种,分别命名为:拟明厕蝇Fannia similiserena sp.nov.,巨斑厕蝇Fannia maximiguttatus sp.nov.,铗叶厕蝇Fannia labidocerca sp.nov.,毛簇厕蝇Fannia dasytophacela sp.nov.,毛胫厕蝇Fannia hirtitibia sp.nov.和长跗厕蝇Fannia tanotarsis sp.nov..模式标本保存于沈阳师范大学昆虫研究所.     

中国四川粉蝇族五新种记述(双翅目,丽蝇科,丽蝇亚科)

记述中国粉蝇族Polleniini(丽蝇科,丽蝇亚科)5新种,分别为二郎山粉蝇Pollenia erlangshanna sp.nov.,四川粉蝇Pollenia sichuanensis sp. nov.,伪黑尾金粉蝇Xanthotryxus pseudomelanurus sp.nov.,长阳墨粉蝇Morinia proceripenisa sp.nov.,橙黄瘦粉蝇Dexopollenia aurantifulva sp. nov..模式标本保存于中国科学院上海生命科学研究院植物生理生态研究所.     

FIVE NEW SPECIES OF COENOSIA (DIPTERA: MUSCIDAE) IN XINJIANG CHINA*

Abstract Five new species of the genus Coenosia Meigen, namely C. subflaviseta, C. subgracilis, C. parva C. aurea, and C. zhooi, are described from the Xinjiang Autonomous Region, China. The type specimen of C. parva is kept in the Department of Biology, Shenyang Normal University, and the others are kept in the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.     

Testing Strength of Biotic Resistance against an Introduced Fish: Inter-Specific Competition or Predation through Facultative Piscivory?

Biotic resistance is the process where aspects of the receiving environment inhibit the establishment and invasion of an introduced species. Resistance against an introduced fish can be through strong competition and/or predation from resident fishes. Here, the biotic resistance against introduced topmouth gudgeon Pseudorasbora parva (a highly invasive fish in Europe) by resident carp Cyprinus carpio was tested in experimental mesocosms. The introduction scenario was six adult P. parva (three male, three female) on a single occasion. Resistance to their establishment was provided by three and six resident C. carpio whose effects on P. parva growth and reproduction were compared to a Control (no resident fish at the time of introduction) and treatments containing three and six P. parva. After 120 days, the growth rates of the introduced P. parva were significantly depressed in C. carpio presence and in mesocosms with three C. carpio present, significantly decreased numbers of 0+P. parva were recorded. Where six C. carpio were present, no 0+P. parva were recorded, indicating resistance strength increased with carp abundance. In contrast, there were no differences in P. parva reproduction and growth rates between the Control and treatments containing conspecifics. Stable isotope analysis (δ(15)N, δ(13)C) revealed C. carpio were feeding at one trophic level above 0+P. parva, suggesting the process of resistance was predation (facultative piscivory) rather than competition. Thus, if P. parva are to establish and invade following an introduction, they must overcome this biotic resistance from cyprinid fishes such as C. carpio.     

Seasonal patterns in feeding ecology of three small fishes in the Biandantang Lake, China

Feeding ecology of three small fish species, Hypseleotris swinhonis, Ctenogobius giurinus and Pseudorasbora parva was studied seasonally in the Biandantang Lake, a small, shallow lake in central China. Gut length, adjusted for total body length, was significantly higher in spring than in other seasons for all the three species. Seasonal changes in gut length were not associated with changes in food quality. Weight of fore-gut contents, adjusted for body weight, was significantly higher in winter and spring than in summer and autumn in H. swinhonis and C. giurinus , and significantly higher in autumn than in spring and summer for P. parva. Percentage of empty fore-guts was highest in summer and lowest in spring for H. swinhonis and C. giurinus , and highest in winter and lowest in autumn for P. parva. Diet of the three small fishes showed apparent seasonal changes, and these changes reflected partly the seasonal fluctuations of food resources in environment. Diet breadth was high in winter and low in autumn for H. swinhonis , high in winter and low in spring and summer for C. giurinus , and high in autumn and low in spring for P. parva. Diet overlaps between pairs of species were biologically significant in most cases, except between H. swinhonis and P. parva in summer and autumn and between C. giurinus and P. parva in autumn.     

西藏拉鲁湿地和茶巴朗湿地外来鱼类群落结构及变动趋势

研究于2019—2021年在西藏拉鲁湿地和茶巴朗湿地使用刺网和地笼等组合渔具开展了鱼类实地调查, 分析了外来鱼类物种组成、优势种和群落功能多样性, 并结合已发表的文献资料, 探讨了西藏湿地外来鱼类群落结构的变动趋势及影响。结果表明, 共采集到外来鱼类10种, 隶属于4目5科, 包括鲫(Carassius auratus)、麦穗鱼(Pseudorasbora parva)、鲤(Cyprinus carpio)、丁鱥(Tinca tinca)、棒花鱼(Abbottina rivularis)、泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)、大鳞副泥鳅(Paramisgurnus dabryanus)、鲇(Silurus asotus)、小黄?(Micropercops swinhonis)和中华青鳉(Oryzias sinensis)。外来鱼类的个体数和重量分别占本地种和外来种总渔获物的94.86%和70.71%, 其中主要组成为鲫和麦穗鱼等小型鱼类。相对重要性指数(IRI)表明鲫、麦穗鱼、大鳞副泥鳅和鲤4种为拉鲁湿地外来鱼类优势物种, 鲫、麦穗鱼和小黄?3种为茶巴朗湿地的优势物种。在拉鲁湿地和茶巴朗湿地鱼类种类组成、个体数量和生物量中外来鱼类均已占据优势地位, 且外来鱼类的群落功能多样性(FD)亦高于土著鱼类。结合历史数据, 西藏拉鲁湿地和茶巴朗湿地已记录外来鱼类12种, 其中具高度入侵风险物种达6种, 外来鱼类物种数从2000年左右的2种增加到现在的10种, 且丁鱥和中华青鳉分别在西藏自然水体中和茶巴朗湿地中首次被发现。此外, 两个湿地12种外来鱼类均为拉萨市场中的常见经济鱼类及携带鱼类, 是由于放生而进入湿地自然水体中, 且鲫、大鳞副泥鳅和麦穗鱼等均已建立自然种群。因此, 加强对放生的科学管理及开展外来鱼类的长期监测, 是防范外来鱼类入侵及高原湿地生物多样性保护的迫切任务。     

The genome of Theileria parva: some structural properties

The DNA of the protozoan Theileria parva, the causal agent of the bovine East Coast Fever, has been prepared at least 99% pure from the intra-erythrocytic form of the parasite. Its buoyant density was found to be 1.696 g/cm3 and its calculated G + C content was 36.7%. Fragmentation of T. parva by the restriction enzyme EcoRI provides some evidence of the presence of repetitive DNA sequences.     

基于线粒体细胞色素b基因序列探讨红喉姬鹟两亚种的分类地位

以线粒体DNA细胞色素b基因的全序列作为遗传标记 ,探讨红喉姬普通亚种 (Ficedulaparvaal bicilla)和指名亚种 (F .p .parva)的分类地位。应用Kimura 2 parameter法计算出红喉姬普通亚种个体间的遗传距离为 0 1%～ 0 2 % ,而与指名亚种之间的遗传距离为 6 4 % ,两亚种之间的遗传距离远远大于种间的遗传距离。结合形态学的特征我们认为 :红喉姬指名亚种和普通亚种应为两个独立种 ,分别为红喉姬 (F .albicilla)和红胸姬 (F .parva) ,两者的分化时间为 3 15～ 3 2 5百万年     

中国新记录──小金色藻在武汉东湖的季节消长

一种未曾在中国报道过的小金色藻(Chrysochromulina parva Lackey)在武汉东湖发现,此种在冬季出现,春末消失,高的种群密度(8357.6cells/ml及8737.0cells/ml)分别在1991年2月及1992年1月在水温为6─8℃时形成,持续时间近1个月,小金色藻的生物量在东湖营养状况不同的三个采集站是不同的,但季节消长的趋势基本上一致。此种喜生长在富营养的水体中。       

Skull osteology of Parvilacerta parva, a small-sized lacertid lizard from Asia Minor

The skull of the poorly known Asia Minor lacertid lizard Parvilacerta parva is described. In comparison to other palaearctic lacertids, Parvilacerta parva displays several peculiar traits such as a large braincase, a short parietal table, closed post-temporal openings, reduced ossification, or a large lacrimal. Many features are related to the small size of Parvilacerta parva and are of apparently heterochronic nature, as they can also be found in certain ontogenetic stages of other lacertid species. Small size and heterochrony even seem to be factors involved in the less-developed sexual dimorphism of Parvilacerta parva. The described morphology is interpreted to be related to a life history strategy in r-selecting, semiarid environments.     

Mitochondrial genome of the colorless green alga Polytomella parva: two linear DNA molecules with homologous inverted repeat Termini

Most of the well-characterized mitochondrial genomes from diverse green algal lineages are circular mapping DNA molecules; however, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii has a linear 15.8 kb unit mitochondrial genome with 580 or 581 bp inverted repeat ends. In mitochondrial-enriched fractions prepared from Polytomella parva (=P. agilis), a colorless, naturally wall-less relative of C. reinhardtii, we have detected two linear mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) components with sizes of 13.5 and 3.5 kb. Sequences spanning 97% and 86% of the 13.5- and 3.5-kb mtDNAs, respectively, reveal that these molecules contain long, at least 1.3 kb, homologous inverted repeat sequences at their termini. The 3.5-kb mtDNA has only one coding region (nad6), the functionality of which is supported by both the relative rate at which it has accumulated nonsynonymous nucleotide substitutions and its absence from the 13.5-kb mtDNA which encodes nine genes (i.e., large and small subunit rRNA [LSU and SSU rRNA] genes, one tRNA gene, and six protein-coding genes). On the basis of DNA sequence data, we propose that a variant start codon, GTG, is utilized by the P. parva 13.5-kb mtDNA-encoded gene, nad5. Using the relative rate test with Chlamydomonas moewusii (=C. eugametos) as the outgroup, we conclude that the nonsynonymous nucleotide substitution rate in the mitochondrial protein-coding genes of P. parva is on an average about 3.3 times that of the C. reinhardtii counterparts.     

Theileria parva genomics reveals an atypical apicomplexan genome

The discipline of genomics is setting new paradigms in research approaches to resolving problems in human and animal health. We propose to determine the genome sequence of Theileria parva, a pathogen of cattle, using the random shotgun approach pioneered at The Institute for Genomic Research (TIGR). A number of features of the T. parva genome make it particularly suitable for this approach. The G+C content of genomic DNA is about 31%, non-coding repetitive DNA constitutes less than 1% of total DNA and a framework for the 10-12 Mbp genome is available in the form of a physical map for all four chromosomes. Minisatellite sequences are the only dispersed repetitive sequences identified so far, but they are limited in distribution to 13 of 33 SfiI fragments. Telomere and sub-telomeric non-coding sequences occupy less than 10 kbp at each chromosomal end and there are only two units encoding cytoplasmic rRNAs. Three sets of distinct multicopy sequences encoding ORFs have been identified but it is not known if these are associated with expression of parasite antigenic diversity. Protein coding genes exhibit a bias in codon usage and introns when present are unusually short. Like other apicomplexan organisms, T. parva contains two extrachromosomal DNAs, a mitochondrial DNA and a plastid DNA molecule. By annotating the genome sequence, in combination with the use of microarray technology and comparative genomics, we expect to gain significant insights into unique aspects of the biology of T. parva. We believe that the data will underpin future research to aid in the identification of targets of protective CD8+ cell mediated immune responses, and parasite molecules involved in inducing reversible host leukocyte transformation and tumour-like behaviour of transformed parasitised cells.