LGT蛋白质组阳性肿瘤患者免疫功能的观察报告--LGT系列论文之八

目的了解LGT(lostgoodwilltarget)蛋白质组阳性表达患者CD3 、CD4 、CD8 、CD4 /CD8 、T细胞和NK细胞的变化规律。方法对30例LGT蛋白质组阳性表达的肿瘤患者分别采用美国BD公司生产的流式细胞检测仪及提供的相应单克隆抗体检测患者空腹血清CD3 、CD4 、CD8 、CD4 /CD8 、T细胞和NK细胞并用美国赛费吉(Ciphergen)公司制造的蛋白质指纹仪及该公司提供的弱阳离子交换芯片(WCX2)按其操作方法(SELDI检测技术)配对检测肿瘤患者空腹血清中的蛋白质指纹,对有病情加重的患者均检查两次以上。以指纹图上质荷比(M/Z)为11100 H~11900 H之间出现一峰簇样(cluster)的指纹标志为LGT阳性诊断标准,并按蛋白质指纹LGT检测阳性次数分成二组。对二组内CD3 、CD4 、CD8 、CD4 /CD8 、T细胞和NK细胞与正常参考值之间进行统计学显著性检验。结果CD3 T细胞值在LGT蛋白质组持续阳性表达组是增高的,在另一组是无变化,二者之间有显著性差异,而CD8 T细胞在二组内同时增高,CD4 T细胞和NK细胞二组同时低下,无显著性差别。结论本研究提示肿瘤晚期可能存在有酪氨酸蛋白激酶修饰的细胞内信号传导,使之病情加重,而肿瘤早期则不明显。这是一种新的看法,应加强这个方面的研究。     

生殖器疱疹初发患者外周血淋巴细胞检测结果分析

目的检测生殖器疱疹初发患者（GH）外周血T淋巴细胞亚群、NK细胞和B细胞的表达水平,探讨其发病机制与细胞免疫功能之间的关系。方法应用流式细胞仪检测20例初发生殖器疱疹患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群、NK细胞和B细胞的表达水平,并与60例复发性生殖器疱疹患者（RGH）、35例健康对照者外周血检测结果相比较。结果（1）初发组和对照组相比,除NK细胞降低差异有显著性外,其他差异无显著性;（2）初发组与复发组相比,初发组T细胞、CD4^＋细胞、CD4^＋／CD8^＋均高于复发组,CD8^＋细胞百分比低于后者,差异有显著性;B细胞、NK细胞比例差异无显著性;（3）复发组与对照组相比,外周血中T细胞、CD4^＋细胞、NK细胞所占比例,CD4^＋／CD8^＋均降低,差异有显著性;CD8^＋细胞百分比升高,差异有显著性;B细胞比例差异无显著性。结论生殖器疱疹初发患者存在细胞免疫功能异常。     

恶性肿瘤患者LGT指纹转阴前后的对比研究

目的:分析恶性肿瘤患者危重病人预警蛋白(Lost Goodwill Target,LGT)指纹由阳性向阴性转变后是否出现有意义的差异指纹.方法:应用CM10弱阳离子芯片结合表面增强飞行时间质谱(surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry,SELDI-TOF-MS)技术检测10例恶性肿瘤患者(分析组)LGT指纹由阳性向阴性变异前后血清样本的蛋白质指纹谱,以质/核比(M/Z):11100+H～11900+H,出现丰度＞10%峰簇(cluster),视为LGT阳性,反之为阴性.另选择12例肿瘤患者,各取1份血清样本,间隔1wk检测1次,再选择5例肿瘤患者连续两天血清标本各1份,以此作为影响因素对照组.去除与对照组相同差异指纹后,寻找LGT转阴后差异蛋白质组指纹.结果:分析组中恶性肿瘤患者LGT指纹由阳性向阴性变异时,有17个蛋白质指纹差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),对照组中有差异指纹44个,其中M/Z为1007、1057的指纹与分析组相同,将之剔除后,剩余了15个有统计学意义的差异蛋白质指纹,其中上调指纹的m/z(质/核比)值分别为12262、6933、7964、8069、1171、915和1232.下调指纹的m/z值分别为2740、2818、4089、8828、2932、3191、3261和801.结论:SELDI-TOF-MS技术检测恶性肿瘤患者血清捕获的m/z:12262、6933、7964、8069、1171、915和1232蛋白质指纹呈上调趋势,m/z:2740、2818、4089、8828、2932、3191、3261和801蛋白质指纹呈下调趋势,可视为恶性肿瘤患者LGT指纹由阳性向阴性转变后伴随的相关蛋白质组指纹图谱.     

恶性肿瘤患者LGT指纹阴转阳的对比分析

目的:分析恶性肿瘤危重病人预警蛋白(LGT-Lost Goodwill Target)指纹由阴性向阳性转变后是否出现有意义的差异指纹.方法:应用CM10弱阳离子芯片结合表面增强飞行时间质谱(Surface Enhanced Laser Desorption/Ionization Time of Flight MassSpectrometry,SELDI-TOF-MS)技术检测21例恶性肿瘤患者(分析组)LGT指纹由阴性向阳性变异前后的血清蛋白质指纹谱,以质/核比(M/Z):11100+H～11900+H,出现丰度>10%峰簇(cluster),视为LGT阳性,反之为阴性.另选择12例肿瘤患者各1份血清样本,间隔一周检测一次,再选择5例肿瘤患者取连续两天血清标本各1份进行检测,以此作为影响因素对照组.去除与对照组相同差异指纹后,比较LGT阳性向阴性转变后差异蛋白质组指纹有无显著性.结果:分析组中恶性肿瘤患者LGT指纹由阴性向阳性变异时,有18个蛋白质指纹差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),对照组中有差异指纹44个,其中M/Z为1005、1008的指纹与分析组相同,将之剔除后,剩余了16个有统计学意义的差异蛋白质指纹,其中上调指纹的m/z(质/核比)值分别为6626、2889、6429、8866、3452、1259、3052、3699、8531、757、1146和8765.下调指纹的m/z值分别为17650、7979、778和1006.结论:SEL-DI-TOF-MS技术检测恶性肿瘤患者血清捕获的m/z:6626、2889、6429、8866、3452、1259、3052、3699、8531、757、1146和8765蛋白质指纹呈上调趋势,m/z:17650、7979、778和1006蛋白质指纹呈下调趋势,可视为恶性肿瘤LGT指纹阴转阳的差异蛋白质.     

抗幽门螺杆菌治疗在儿童特发性血小板减少性紫癜中的作用

目的 探讨联合抗幽门螺杆菌（H.pylori）在特发性血小板减少性紫癜（ITP）患儿治疗中的作用.方法 将58例血清H.pylori抗体阳性的ITP患儿随机分为：A组：给予根治性抗H.pylori,大剂量丙种球蛋白和强的松治疗;B组：未予抗H.pylori,其他治疗相同.另设正常对照组（C组）：选血清H.pylori抗体阴性的健康入学儿童.观察A、B两组治疗前和3月后T细胞亚群分布,血小板相关免疫球蛋白G（PAIgG）水平变化,及两组临床疗效和复发率.结果 各组间总T细胞无变化,A、B两组治疗前T细胞亚群分布异常,CD4^＋细胞减少,CD8^＋细胞增加,CD4^＋/CD8^＋比值下降,PAIgG水平升高,两组间差异无显著性（P均＞0.05）.治疗后3月复查,A组CD4^＋细胞增加,CD8^＋细胞减少,CD4^＋/CD8^＋比值和PAIgG值恢复至正常对照组水平,而B组虽有所恢复,但未达正常,A组显效＋良效97%,复发率为3%,B组显效＋良效70%,复发率为30%,两组差异有显著性（P均＜0.05）.结论 对有H.pylori感染的ITP患儿,联合抗H.pylori治疗比单纯应用免疫抑制治疗,异常的T细胞亚群和PAIgG水平恢复较快,疗效较好,复发率低.     

总状蕨藻盾叶变种多糖及其硒化产物对小鼠T细胞和NK细胞的调节

一种分离自总状蕨藻盾叶变种的多糖CrvpPS与纳米硒反应之后形成稳定的多糖纳米硒（CrvpPS-nano—Se）系统．实验检测了CrvpPS和CrvpPS—nano-Se对小鼠T淋巴细胞亚群及NK细胞的调节功能．用氢化可的松制造免疫功能低下的小鼠动物模型,给模型小鼠分别连续10天灌胃CrvpPS、蔗糖-纳米硒、CrvpPS—nano-Se溶液和阳性对照药物左旋咪唑,检测脾脏和胸腺指数的变化,并用流式细胞仪检测血中T细胞亚群（CD3^＋,CD4^＋,CD8^＋）和脾脏NK细胞百分比．结果表明,CrvpPS和CrvpPS-nano-Se对胸腺有较大的刺激作用,能使模型小鼠的CD3^＋,CD3^＋CD4^＋,NK细胞百分比以及CD4^＋／CD8^＋明显升高（P〈0．05）,CrvpPS-nano—Se提升CD3^＋,CD3^＋CD4^＋细胞百分比的作用明显优于CrvpPS、蔗糖-纳米硒及左旋咪唑（P〈0．05）．表明CrvpPS对免疫功能低下小鼠的胸腺指数、T细胞亚群和NK细胞百分比具有正向调节作用;其硒化产物CrvpPS-nano-Se对CD3^＋,CD3^＋CD4^＋细胞的调节作用优于单纯多糖和单纯纳米硒．     

外周血CD4^＋、CD8^＋及CD56^＋细胞在肺癌靶向治疗患者中的表达意义

目的：探讨埃罗替尼靶向治疗前后非小细胞肺癌患者外周血CD4^＋,CD8^＋和CD56^＋的表达及其临床意义。方法：流式技术检测30例EGFR突变的非小细胞肺癌患者埃罗替尼一线靶向治疗前后,外周血T细胞亚群的表达情况及疗效。结果：靶向治疗1个月后,与治疗前相比较非小细胞肺癌患者外周血T细胞亚群CD4^＋CD8^＋以及CD56^＋表达数量有统计学差异（P〈0．05）。其中,CD4^＋表达上升,CD8^＋和CD56^＋表达下降。结论：埃罗替尼靶向治疗可以改善非小细胞肺癌患者细胞免疫功能,观察外周血T细胞亚群表达情况有助于评价埃罗替尼靶向治疗的疗效和预后。     

肿瘤患者CD8+T细胞中CD28表达的研究进展

CD28与B7结合形成的共刺激信号是T细胞激活的第二信号,肿瘤患者CD8^＋T细胞上CD28分子在肿瘤免疫中发挥着重要作用。人体抗肿瘤免疫主要由CD8^＋T细胞介导,根据CD28的表达与否可将CD8^＋T细胞分为细胞毒T细胞（CD8^＋CD28^＋,CTL）和抑制性T细胞（CD8^＋C28^-,Ts）。CTL是体内杀伤肿瘤细胞的主要功能性细胞之一,当该细胞与肿瘤接触时,通过共刺激信号而被激活,发挥其对肿瘤细胞的杀伤作用;Ts在机体的免疫耐受中发挥作用。现就肿瘤患者CD8^＋T细胞上CD28的表达作一综述。     

系统性红斑狼疮患者外周血调节性T细胞、Foxp3和IL-6的表达

目的探讨系统性红斑狼疮（ systemic lupus erythematosus, SLE）患者外周血CD4^＋ CD25^＋调节性T细胞（regulatory T cells,Tregs）、roxp3 mRNA和血浆IL-6表达的意义。方法对38例SLE患者和16例正常人采用流式细胞术检测外周血CD4^＋ CD25^＋ T regs百分率,RT-PCR检测roxp3 mRNA表达,ELISA法检测IL-6水平。结果①SLE活动组和非活动组的CD4^＋ CD25^＋ Tregs水平均显著低于正常对照组（P〈0．01）;②SLE活动组的roxp3 mRNA表达水平明显低于正常对照组（P〈0．05）;③SLE活动组和非活动组血浆的IL-6水平均显著高于正常对照组（P〈0．01）,而且活动组显著高于非活动组（P〈0．05）;④38例SLE患者的CD4^＋ CD25^＋Tregs水平与SLEDAI评分呈显著性负相关（P〈0．01）,F0xp3mRNA水平与CD4^＋ CD25^＋Tregs呈显著性正相关（P〈0．01）,血浆IL-6水平与SLEDAI评分之间呈显著性正相关（P〈0．01）,血浆IL-6水平与CD4^＋ CD25^＋Tregs／CD4^＋细胞比值呈显著负相关（P〈0．05）。结论CD4^＋ CD25^＋Tregs和Foxp3以及IL-6可能在SLE的发生和发展中发挥重要作用。     

siRNA沉默t-bet基因对CD4、CD8T淋巴细胞亚群IFN-γ产生的影响

利用化学合成针对人t-bet基因的小干扰RNA（siRNA）,转染体外培养的人外周血单个核细胞,利用流式细胞仪分选纯化CD4^＋、CD8^＋T淋巴细胞,半定量RT-PCR检测CD4^＋、CD8^＋T淋巴细胞中t-betmRNA的表达变化,流式细胞术检测转染前后IFN-γ产生的变化情况。探讨转录因子t-bet对人CD4^＋、CD8^＋T淋巴细胞亚群IFN-γ产生的调控作用。与对照组相比,转染后的人CD4^＋、CD8^＋T淋巴细胞t-betmRNA表达水平明显下降;转染siRNA后,CD4＋T淋巴细胞中IFN-γ＋细胞比例为（18.46±6.86）%,与对照组（50.20±5.91）%比较有显著性差异（P〈0.01）;CD8＋T淋巴细胞IFN-γ＋细胞比例为（74.18±9.33）%,和对照组（76.51±6.49）%比较差异不明显（P〉0.05）。体外转录合成的siRNA可有效降低人CD4^＋、CD8^＋T淋巴细胞t-bet的基因表达;转录因子t-bet对人不同淋巴细胞亚群IFN-γ的产生所起作用不同。     

Tanaidacea (Crustacea) of the north-east Atlantic: the subfamily Pseudotanainae (Pseudotanaidae) and the family Nototanaidae

Sixteen species of the tanaidacean subfamily Pseudotanainae and three of the family Nototanaidae have been recorded from shallow and deep waters in the north-east Atlantic. Six new species of Pseudotanais, and the new genera Mystriocentrus, Parapseudotanais and Bathytanaissus are described. The species Pseudotanais affinis is re-described, and a cladistic analysis of the ‘affinis’ species-group is presented. Pseudotanais is a eurybathic genus and individuals of this taxon are common in the region. The Nototanaidae is poorly represented in the deep-sea, and the present record is the first for the Northern Hemisphere.     

Tanaidacea (Crustacea) of the north-east Atlantic: the subfamily Pseudotanainae (Pseudotanaidae) and the family Nototanaidae

Sixteen species of the tanaidacean subfamily Pseudotanainae and three of the family Nototanaidae have been recorded from shallow and deep waters in the north-east Atlantic. Six new species of Pseudotanais , and the new genera Mystriocentrus, Parapseudotanais and Bathytanaissus are described. The species Pseudotanais affinis is re-described, and a cladistic analysis of the 'affinis' species-group is presented. Pseudotanais is a eurybathic genus and individuals of this taxon are common in the region. The Nototanaidae is poorly represented in the deep-sea, and the present record is the first for the Northern Hemisphere.     

拟除虫菊酯的杀虫活性和温度的关系

除了戊酸醚酯对苜蓿蚜呈弱的正温度系数外,杀灭菊酯、二氯苯醚菊酯、氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯、氟氰菊酯及百树菊酯,都呈负温度系数。杀灭菊酯、戊酸醚酯、二氯苯醚菊酯、氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯和氟氰菊酯,对梨网蝽全部呈正温度系数。氯氰菊酯对粘虫呈负温度系数,杀灭菊酯、戊酸醚酯、二氯苯醚菊酯和溴氰菊酯都呈正温度系数。杀灭菊酯和溴氰菊酯对粘虫卵也呈正温度系数。杀灭菊酯对小菜蛾的杀虫活性,受温度的影响不明显,而戊酸醚酯则呈负温度系数。杀灭菊酯和戊酸醚酯对蚊幼呈正温度系数,而二氯苯醚菊酯则呈负温度系数。     

New anthracenedione derivatives: Interaction with DNA and biological effects

Two anthracenedione derivatives [1 - (ω - diethylaminopropylamido) - 4 - hydroxy - 9,10 - anthracenedione hydrochloride (I) and 1 - (ω - diethylamino-propylamido) - 2 - methoxy - 4 - hydroxy - 9,10 - anthracenedione hydrochloride (II)], having an electron-rich planar chromophore and an amino-substituted side chain, have been synthesized. Their binding ability to DNA was investigated by means of spectroscopic, equilibrium dialysis and fluorescence measurements. Their inhibition efficiency on nucleic acid synthesis was also evaluated both in mouse and human cells. Our results indicate that, in comparison with adriamycin, compound I shows a slightly weaker complexation ability to DNA, while compound II interacts with DNA at a substantially lower level. These data match quite well with the biological response on the inhibition of DNA and RNA synthesis exhibited by the above mentioned compounds; in fact compound I is slightly less efficient than adriamycin and about ten times more efficient than compound II. The close relationship between the results of physicochemical and biological studies is discussed.     

Skeletal ultrastructure and phylogeny of cyclostome bryozoans

Recent research on the ultrastructure of the calcareous skeleton in the bryozoan order Cyclostomata is summarized and updated, based on field emission SEM studies of 87 species. Six fundamental ultrastructural fabrics are recognized which differ in the crystallographic orientations, shapes and prevailing growth directions of the constituent crystallites. During the growth of individual walls a succession of fabrics is secreted, defining a fabric suite. Five fabric suites are described in interior walls and four in exterior walls. Nine ultrastructural characters were combined with 37 other skeletal characters in a PAUP analysis of the relationships between 28 post-Palaeozoic cyclostomes chosen to include representatives of all suborders. A single tree of length 142 steps was found. Comparison of tree statistics for three categories of characters showed ultrastructural characters to be more homoplastic than zooidal characters, and the latter more homoplastic than colonial characters. Rooting the tree on the paleotubuliporine Cuffeyella gave four transitions from fixed- to free-walled organization and no reversals. With respect to the five extant suborders of cyclostomes, this first, preliminary analysis implies that Rectangulata and Cancellata are monophyletic groups, whereas Articulata are diphyletic, and both Tubuliporina and Cerioporina paraphyletic.     

Phylogenetic relationships in the iguanid lizard genus Liolaemus: multiple origins of viviparous reproduction and evidence for recurring Andean vicariance and dispersal

Phylogenetic relationships within the iguanid lizard genus Liolaemus are investigated using 1710 aligned base positions (785 phylogenetically informative) of mitochondrial DNA sequences, representing coding regions for eight tRNAs, ND2, and portions of ND1 and COL Sixty new sequences ranging in length from 1736 to 1754 bases are compared with four previously reported sequences. Liolaemus species form two well-supported monophyletic groups of subgeneric status, Liolaemus and Eulaemus. These subgenera appear to have separated at least 12.6 million years ago based on the amount of molecular evolutionary divergence between them. Hypotheses that species occurring in the Andes, west of the Andes, and east of the Andes, each comprise distinct monophyletic groups are independently rejected statistically. The shortest estimate of phylogeny suggests mat Liolaemus originated either in the Andes or the eastern lowlands. Numerous evolutionary shifts have occurred between the Andes, and the eastern and western lowlands, suggesting recurring vicariance and dispersal. Species occurring at high elevations or high latitudes usually have viviparous reproduction. Depending on whether parity mode is considered reversible in Liolaemus , the most parsimonious reconstruction supports at least six independent origins of viviparity or at least three gains followed by three losses of viviparity among die 60 Liolaemus lineages examined.     

The composition of the caudal skeleton of teleosts (Actinopterygil: Osteichthyes)

The diural caudal skeleton of teleostean actinopterygians develops phylogeneticaily and ontogenetically from a polyural skeleton. The reduction of the polyural anlage to four, three, two or fewer centra in the adult caudal skeleton takes different pathways in different genera (e.g. compare Elops and Albula) and groups of teleosts. As a result, ural centra are not homologous throughout the teleosts. By numbering the ural centra in a homocercal tail in polyural fashion, one can demonstrate these and the following differences. The ventral elements (hypurals) always occur in sequential series, whereas the dorsal elements (epurals and uroneurals) may alter like the ural centra. The number of epurals, five or four in fossil primitive teleosts, is reduced in other primitive and advanced teleosts, but the same epurals are not always lost. The number of uroneurals, seven in fossil teleosts, is reduced in living teleosts, but it has not been demonstrated that the first uroneural is always derived from the neural arch of the same ural centrum. The landmark in the homocercal tail is the preural centrum I which can be identified by (1) bifurcation of the caudal artery and vein in its ventral element, the parhypural, (2) its position directly caudal to the preural centrum (PU2) which supports the lowermost principal caudal ray with its haemal spine, (3) carrying the third hypaxial element ventral to the course of arteria and vena pinnalis, and (4) by carrying the first haemal spine (parhypural) below the dorsal end of the ventral cartilage plate. The study of the development of the vertebral column reveals that teleosts have different patterns of centrum formation. A vertebral centrum is a complete or partial ring of mineralized, cartilaginous or bony material surrounding at least the lateral sides of the notochord. A vertebral centrum may be formed by arcocentrum alone, or arcocentral arcualia and chordacentrum, or arco-, chorda- and autocentrum, or arcocentral arcualia and autocentrum. This preliminary research demonstrates that a detailed ontogenetic interpretation of the vertebral centra and of the caudal skeleton of different teleosts may be useful tools for further interpretations of teleostean interrelationships.     

Skeletomuscular anatomy of the harvestman Leiobunum aldrichi (Weed, 1893) (Arachnida: Opiliones: Palpatores) and its evolutionary significance

Skeletal muscles of the North American harvestman Leiobunum aldrichi are exhaustively surveyed and compared with other chelicerates to clarify the evolutionary morphology and phylogenetic relationships of arachnids. Representatives of 104 muscle groups are described and illustrated, and their possible functions are proposed. Comparisons of the feeding apparatus of L. aldrichi with that of other opilions, especially Sim (Cyphophthalmi) and Acromares (Laniatores), and two scorpion genera ( Centruroides, Pandinus ) indicate that the pharyngeal apparatus in L. aldrichi is derived and that its ability to accommodate large food particles is a secondary rather than primitive condition. Comparisons reveal several possible synapomorphies between Opiliones and Scorpiones suggesting that these orders may be sister groups. Apparently unique synapomorphies include an extrinsic cheliceral muscle that arises from the carapace and inserts on the second cheliceral article (deutomerite); an epistome divided into distal and proximal parts by a transverse sulcus; pharyngeal dilator muscles supported by a peripharyngeal skeleton formed by one dorsomedial and two ventrolateral epistomal processes, the latter also with muscular attachments to the endosternite; a specialized preoral chamber (stomodieca) derived from extensions (coxapophyses) of the coxae of the pedipalp and first two leg pairs; internal processes associated with the coxapophyses that serve, in part, as an attachment for muscles operating the coxa-trochanter joints, and lateral endosternal suspensor muscles that insert on the arthrodial membrane between the leg coxae. These are the first observations providing explicit support for an Opiliones-Scorpiones clade.