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为进一步探讨莪术醇的诱导细胞衰老的机制,该研究采用荧光定量PCR技术对莪术醇处理后细胞中81个细胞衰老相关基因差异表达谱进行分析,结果发现TP53及其下游基因p16Ink4a、p21Waf1/Cip1和p27Kip1等的表达水平显著升高,伴随ABL1、ALDH1A3、CHEK2、HRAS、PTEN等多个衰老信号通路启动与效应关联基因的转录显著增强,而CyclinA2、IGFBP3、SIRT1以及TERT等细胞周期进程与衰老信号通路的负性调控基因的表达水平则显著降低。Western印迹检测结果显示,p53及其下游周期素依赖性蛋白激酶抑制物(CKI)分子p21WAF1和p16INK4水平升高,CyclinA2水平降低,与PCR结果一致,并伴野生型p53-诱导的蛋白磷酸酶1(Wip1)水平显著增高,提示莪术醇可能通过激活p53信号通路诱导HepG2细胞衰老。该研究进一步发现莪术醇能够诱导HepG2细胞发生衰老表型改变,伴G0/G1期周期阻滞。 相似文献
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《生物技术通讯》2016,(6)
目的:探讨不同剂量的尼古丁对小鼠胚胎组织器官发育的影响及其分子机制。方法:以妊娠期雌鼠为评价模型,通过皮下注射不同浓度的尼古丁,在E18.5时解剖获取胚胎并称重,同时采集各组织器官,应用HE染色观察相关组织的病理学变化,并采用qRT-PCR检测相关基因表达水平的变化。结果:与对照组相比,尼古丁对小鼠E18.5胚胎的脑、肺、肝脏、肾脏有明显损伤;qRT-PCR分析显示血管形成相关基因(VEGF-α)、神经生长相关基因(Egr-1)及细胞生长分化相关调控基因(c-FOS)有显著的表达差异,其中VEGF-α在心脏和肾脏中表达下调,Egr-1在肺和肾脏中表达上调,c-FOS在脑、心脏和肺中表达上调。结论:妊娠期母鼠注射尼古丁会对小鼠胚胎的脑、肺、肝脏、肾脏产生明显损伤,并导致VEGF-a、Egr-1及c-FOS基因表达异常。 相似文献
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水稻叶片衰老相关基因的研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
水稻叶片的衰老是制约杂交稻产量提高的主要因素之一,有数据表明水稻籽粒灌浆所需营养物质的60%~80%来自叶片的光合作用,实践证明叶片每推迟1天衰老,产量可提高产1%左右.因此,对叶片衰老的形态、生理生化及其相关分子机理等进行研究具有重要的现实意义.近年来水稻叶片衰老的相关研究表明,叶片的衰老是一个受众多因素影响的复杂过程,在这个过程中叶片发生了巨大的形态与生理生化变化,而这些变化均离不开基因的调控作用.大量实验结果表明:在衰老过程中,叶片细胞有选择地启动或增强某些基因(叶片衰老相关基因)的表达,而关闭或减弱另一些基因(衰老下调基因)的表达,由此来调控叶片衰老的进程.目前研究者已在研究衰老突变体等相关的材料中发现了许多与水稻叶片衰老有关的基因.本文重点概述了近年来水稻叶片衰老相关基因的研究状况,并对未来研究方向等问题做了思考与探讨,以期能为开展进一步的研究工作提供参考. 相似文献
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目前广泛地利用传统的体细胞衰老理论和方法对成体干细胞衰老进行研究,忽视了成体干细胞特有的自我更新功能和相应的干性基因的作用.干性基因的下调可能是导致间充质干细胞衰老的主要原因.通过查阅相关资料发现主要干性基因与衰老相关基因表达水平的相互拮抗关系,这体现在以下4个方面:a.干细胞衰老伴随着干性基因的下调;b.干性基因表达抑制细胞的衰老;c.干性基因抑制衰老相关基因的表达;d.抑制衰老相关基因促进干性基因的表达.干性基因与衰老相关基因的表达水平存在相互拮抗关系,这为成体干细胞衰老可能源于成体干细胞的干性降低的观点提供了坚实的分子基础. 相似文献
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《中国细胞生物学学报》2021,(7)
该文重点探讨人参皂苷Rg1拮抗D-半乳糖(D-gal)致小鼠睾丸间质细胞分泌雄激素障碍的机制。采用D-gal构建小鼠衰老模型,体内注射Rg1干预衰老过程,观察睾丸组织细胞衰老的病理学改变;体外构建D-gal致睾丸间质细胞(TM3细胞株)衰老模型,在培养体系加入Rg1拮抗D-gal的致衰老作用。衰老相关半乳糖苷酶(SA-β-Gal)染色观察小鼠睾丸组织细胞和体外培养TM3细胞的衰老情况;ELISA法检测TM3细胞分泌睾酮水平和细胞氧化应激损伤水平;荧光探针DCFH-DA检测细胞活性氧(ROS)水平;Western blot检测TM3细胞合成睾酮的关键酶和Nrf2/ARE抗氧化通路相关蛋白表达;qRT-PCR法检测相关炎症因子及睾酮合成关键酶基因的mRNA表达。结果显示,注射Rg1拮抗D-gal致小鼠衰老过程,衰老的睾丸间质细胞数量明显减少。Rg1体外拮抗D-gal致TM3细胞衰老作用后,细胞分泌睾酮水平无显著降低;IL-1、IL-6、IL-8等炎症因子的基因表达受到抑制;细胞内GSH-Px和CAT表达活性提高同时细胞产生丙二醛(MDA)与活性氧(ROS)能力受到抑制;StAR、3β-HSD及P450scc等睾酮合成关键酶基因及蛋白表达上调;Nrf2、HO-1等抗氧化蛋白表达上调,Keap1蛋白表达下调。研究提示,Rg1可能通过激活Nrf2/ARE抗氧化信号通路,拮抗D-gal对睾丸间质细胞的氧化应激损伤,进而调控睾丸雄激素的分泌功能。 相似文献
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细胞衰老是一个体内平衡的生物过程,在推动机体衰老过程中起着关键作用。衰老细胞在神经系统中随着衰老和神经退行性疾病而积累,并且可能使人易患神经退行性疾病或加重其病程。帕金森病(Parkinson's disease,PD)是一种与年龄相关的神经退行性疾病。运动可通过提高衰老过程中脑细胞自噬水平,增强神经免疫信号分子以及脑内脑源性神经营养因子(brain-derived neurotrophic factor,BDNF)的表达有效预防或延缓脑细胞衰老甚至清除脑衰老细胞,维持脑健康。大量流行病学调查结果以及临床和基础研究证实,不同形式的运动锻炼/身体活动均可改善PD患者或者PD模型动物的症状或改善症状的发展。本文以脑衰老胶质细胞为切入点,充分阐明脑衰老胶质细胞在PD中的作用以及运动干预对PD脑衰老胶质细胞的影响,以便有效和安全地利用脑衰老胶质细胞作为潜在的治疗靶点,以期为运动干预减缓(和)或改善PD运动功能障碍的神经生物学机制研究提供新的思路,为探寻PD的非药物防治或辅助疗法提供理论基础。 相似文献
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Pivotal brain functions, such as neurotransmission, cognition, and memory, decline with advancing age and, especially, in neurodegenerative conditions associated with aging, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Yet, deterioration in structure and function of the nervous system during aging or in AD is not uniform throughout the brain. Selective neuronal vulnerability (SNV) is a general but sometimes overlooked characteristic of brain aging and AD. There is little known at the molecular level to account for the phenomenon of SNV. Functional genomic analyses, through unbiased whole genome expression studies, could lead to new insights into a complex process such as SNV. Genomic data generated using both human brain tissue and brains from animal models of aging and AD were analyzed in this review. Convergent trends that have emerged from these data sets were considered in identifying possible molecular and cellular pathways involved in SNV. It appears that during normal brain aging and in AD, neurons vulnerable to injury or cell death are characterized by significant decreases in the expression of genes related to mitochondrial metabolism and energy production. In AD, vulnerable neurons also exhibit down-regulation of genes related to synaptic neurotransmission and vesicular transport, cytoskeletal structure and function, and neurotrophic factor activity. A prominent category of genes that are up-regulated in AD are those related to inflammatory response and some components of calcium signaling. These genomic differences between sensitive and resistant neurons can now be used to explore the molecular underpinnings of previously suggested mechanisms of cell injury in aging and AD. 相似文献
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Daniel Glass Ana Vi?uela Matthew N Davies Adaikalavan Ramasamy Leopold Parts David Knowles Andrew A Brown ?sa K Hedman Kerrin S Small Alfonso Buil Elin Grundberg Alexandra C Nica Paola Di Meglio Frank O Nestle Mina Ryten the UK Brain Expression consortium the MuTHER consortium Richard Durbin Mark I McCarthy Panagiotis Deloukas Emmanouil T Dermitzakis Michael E Weale Veronique Bataille Tim D Spector 《Genome biology》2013,14(7):R75
Background
Previous studies have demonstrated that gene expression levels change with age. These changes are hypothesized to influence the aging rate of an individual. We analyzed gene expression changes with age in abdominal skin, subcutaneous adipose tissue and lymphoblastoid cell lines in 856 female twins in the age range of 39-85 years. Additionally, we investigated genotypic variants involved in genotype-by-age interactions to understand how the genomic regulation of gene expression alters with age.Results
Using a linear mixed model, differential expression with age was identified in 1,672 genes in skin and 188 genes in adipose tissue. Only two genes expressed in lymphoblastoid cell lines showed significant changes with age. Genes significantly regulated by age were compared with expression profiles in 10 brain regions from 100 postmortem brains aged 16 to 83 years. We identified only one age-related gene common to the three tissues. There were 12 genes that showed differential expression with age in both skin and brain tissue and three common to adipose and brain tissues.Conclusions
Skin showed the most age-related gene expression changes of all the tissues investigated, with many of the genes being previously implicated in fatty acid metabolism, mitochondrial activity, cancer and splicing. A significant proportion of age-related changes in gene expression appear to be tissue-specific with only a few genes sharing an age effect in expression across tissues. More research is needed to improve our understanding of the genetic influences on aging and the relationship with age-related diseases. 相似文献15.
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N. K. Isaev E. V. Stelmashook N. N. Stelmashook I. N. Sharonova V. G. Skrebitsky 《Biochemistry. Biokhimii?a》2013,78(3):295-300
Normal brain aging leads to decrease in cognitive functions, shrink in brain volume, loss of nerve fibers and degenerating myelin, reduction in length and branching of dendrites, partial loss of synapses, and reduction in expression of genes that play central roles in synaptic plasticity, vesicular transport, and mitochondrial functioning. Impaired mitochondrial functions and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species can contribute to the damage of these genes in aging cerebral cortex. This review discusses the possibility of using mitochondria-targeted antioxidants to slow the processes of brain aging. 相似文献
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Loerch PM Lu T Dakin KA Vann JM Isaacs A Geula C Wang J Pan Y Gabuzda DH Li C Prolla TA Yankner BA 《PloS one》2008,3(10):e3329
Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders of aging are characterized by clinical and pathological features that are relatively specific to humans. To obtain greater insight into how brain aging has evolved, we compared age-related gene expression changes in the cortex of humans, rhesus macaques, and mice on a genome-wide scale. A small subset of gene expression changes are conserved in all three species, including robust age-dependent upregulation of the neuroprotective gene apolipoprotein D (APOD) and downregulation of the synaptic cAMP signaling gene calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CAMK4). However, analysis of gene ontology and cell type localization shows that humans and rhesus macaques have diverged from mice due to a dramatic increase in age-dependent repression of neuronal genes. Many of these age-regulated neuronal genes are associated with synaptic function. Notably, genes associated with GABA-ergic inhibitory function are robustly age-downregulated in humans but not in mice at the level of both mRNA and protein. Gene downregulation was not associated with overall neuronal or synaptic loss. Thus, repression of neuronal gene expression is a prominent and recently evolved feature of brain aging in humans and rhesus macaques that may alter neural networks and contribute to age-related cognitive changes. 相似文献
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Martijs J. Jonker Joost P. M. Melis Raoul V. Kuiper Tessa V. van der Hoeven Paul F. K. Wackers Joke Robinson Gijsbertus T. J. van der Horst Martijn E. T. Dollé Jan Vijg Timo M. Breit Jan H. J. Hoeijmakers Harry van Steeg 《Aging cell》2013,12(5):901-909
Aging and age‐related pathology is a result of a still incompletely understood intricate web of molecular and cellular processes. We present a C57BL/6J female mice in vivo aging study of five organs (liver, kidney, spleen, lung, and brain), in which we compare genome‐wide gene expression profiles during chronological aging with pathological changes throughout the entire murine life span (13, 26, 52, 78, 104, and 130 weeks). Relating gene expression changes to chronological aging revealed many differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and altered gene sets (AGSs) were found in most organs, indicative of intraorgan generic aging processes. However, only ≤ 1% of these DEGs are found in all organs. For each organ, at least one of 18 tested pathological parameters showed a good age‐predictive value, albeit with much inter‐ and intraindividual (organ) variation. Relating gene expression changes to pathology‐related aging revealed correlated genes and gene sets, which made it possible to characterize the difference between biological and chronological aging. In liver, kidney, and brain, a limited number of overlapping pathology‐related AGSs were found. Immune responses appeared to be common, yet the changes were specific in most organs. Furthermore, changes were observed in energy homeostasis, reactive oxygen species, cell cycle, cell motility, and DNA damage. Comparison of chronological and pathology‐related AGSs revealed substantial overlap and interesting differences. For example, the presence of immune processes in liver pathology‐related AGSs that were not detected in chronological aging. The many cellular processes that are only found employing aging‐related pathology could provide important new insights into the progress of aging. 相似文献