广东省鼎湖山两栖动物多样性初步研究

鼎湖山两栖动物有16种,隶属2目6科9属。华中华南区种类占优势有10种,为62.5%;华南区4种,为25.0％;华中区2种,为12.5％。从该地区两栖动物区系、分布及种类组成相似性分析为华中我向华南区过渡地带。加强对两栖动物保护,对维护该地区森林生态平衡、对生物多样性研究具有重要价值。     

福建裸子植物区系研究

通过野外考察、查阅文献资料和应用植物区系分析方法对福建裸子植物进行研究,得出以下结论：(1)东南沿海的地理位置、显著的季风气候和占总面积50％以上的中山带山地使福建成为中国裸子植物重要的繁衍和保存地之一。(2)福建现代裸子植物有9科、24属、44种(其中含特有科1个为银杏科,特有属有水松、白豆杉、金钱松、杉木、银杏、台湾杉属等6属,拥有四川苏铁、银杏、油杉、华东黄杉、长苞铁杉、金钱松、黄山松、台湾杉、柳杉、水松、柏木、刺柏、三尖杉、粗榧、宽叶粗榧、白豆杉、穗花杉、榧树、罗浮买麻藤等26个特有种),分别占中国同类的90．0％、70．59％和19．13％,是中国裸子植物区系的重要组成部分。(3)古植物学资料和现存的古老、孑遗和特有成分说明福建裸子植物区系起源古老;福建裸子植物的属级分布区类型中泛热带成分占25．0％,亚热带至温带成分占75．0％(其中亚热带分布占41．67％);种的分布亚型中,亚热带分布的占67．10％;均表明福建裸子植物区系具有较为显著的亚热带山地性质。(4)长苞铁杉、杉木、柳杉、福建柏、黄山松、马尾松、油杉、江南油杉、红豆杉、南方红豆杉、粗榧、穗花杉、高山柏等树种分布于海拔800m以上的亚热带中山带。(5)种的分布亚型中,有35种分布在南岭,进一步证明南岭既为西南核心区的亚热带成分向华中、华东迁移提供通道,又为热带亚洲(中南半岛、云贵高原南部)成分向福建、浙江与台湾分布提供了途径。(6)福建裸子植物武夷山脉、闽台陆桥或东山陆桥与周边地区彼此密切交流,相似性系数分析也表明,福建裸子植物区系与华南、西南、华东、华中、台湾等区域联系广泛、关系密切。     

云南毛翅目昆虫区系研究

云南已知毛翅目昆虫２４科７７属３２１种,含云南特有种１５２种。其中东洋界分布成分占８３％,东洋－古北界东部共布成分占９％,东洋－古北界西部共布、东洋－非洲界共布和广布成分所占比例均小于４％。云南毛翅目在我国的分布以西南型（４４％）、华南型（２１％）和西南－华南共布型（９％）为主,其次为向东扩散的西南－华南－华中（５％）和华南－华中（４％）共布型。云南与毗邻省四川的毛翅目区系关系最密切,其次是西藏和     

贵州大沙河自然保护区两栖爬行动物多样性研究

对贵州道真县大沙河保护区的两栖爬行动物进行了3次调查研究。共采获两栖动物2目8科15属27种（亚种）,占贵州省两栖动物总种数62种（亚种）的43．5％;爬行动物3目10科（亚科）28属34种（亚种）,占贵州省爬行动物总种数104种的32．7％。从物种组成和区系分析,本保护区的两栖动物以无尾目的蛙科为主,共12种,占保护区内总种数27种的44．4％;主要区系成分为东洋界的华中区种,共11种,占保护区总种数的40．74％;其物种的组成与中国及贵州的两栖动物区系特点一致。爬行动物以游蛇科为其主要组成部分,共有17种,占该保护区爬行动物种数的50．0％;这一特征与我国以及贵州爬行动物的组成特征是基本一致的。但是大沙河地区爬行动物组成中,蝮亚科有2属5种,居第2位,与我国以及贵州的爬行动物组成特点不同,故蝮亚科为构成该区爬行动物区系的主要特征成分之一。本文还运用G-F指数对大沙河自然保护区的两栖爬行动物进行科属间的物种多样性分析。结果表明爬行动物的科内和科间的多样性较高,属内和属间的多样性较低,G-F指数为正值;两栖动物的科内和科间的多样性较低,属内和属间的多样性较高,G—F指数为负值。     

黑石顶自然保护区两栖动物资源和区系特征的研究

报道了黑石顶自然保护区两栖动物资源和区系特征的调查结果．已知有２１种（包括亚种）１１属７科２目．在２１种两栖动物中,它们都属于东洋界物种,其中华中区和华南区的共有物种占６１．８％,而属华中区的物种占１９．１％属华南区的物种也占１９．１％．还分析了黑石顶自然保护区两栖动物群落的水平分布和垂直分布的特征     

贵州两栖动物区系及地理区划的初步研究

本文报道贵州省两栖动物63种,其中省新纪录2种,即阔褶蛙和锯腿树蛙。将贵州划分为黔西高原中山、黔北中山峡谷、黔中山原丘陵、黔东南低山丘陵盆地和黔南低山河谷五个动物地理省。认为黔南低山河谷省属于向华南区过渡的华中地带。讨论了各动物地理省的地貌、气候、两栖动物区系特征及地理替代种类。分析了各动物地理省两栖动物区系的相似性及数量关系。     

四川龙滴水自然保护区两栖爬行动物初步调查

2004年8月对四川省松潘县龙滴水自然保护区的两栖爬行动物进行了调查。结合资料记载,该保护区共有两栖动物12种,隶属于2目4科7属,其中8种属于中国特有种;爬行动物12种,隶属于1目4科9属,其中4种属于中国特有种;动物地理区系组成以东洋界的成分为主,物种多样性较丰富。     

重庆市两栖动物资源及现状

依据近３０年的野外调查采集结果,重庆市现有两栖动物２目８科１８属３３种。区系组成以华中区物种占绝对优势,为５１．５２％。地理分布上处于盆中平原丘陵省的物种仅１２种,盆地东北缘大巴山省有２４种,盆地东南缘山地省有２８种。对重庆的两栖动物多样性和资源类型进行了分析,概括了资源利用现状。     

长白山黏菌区系多样性研究

对长白山地区黏菌区系进行初步研究,结果如下：含20种以上的大科有5个,分别为绒泡菌科、团毛菌科、钙皮菌科、发网菌科和筛菌科,共含195种,占总种数的92．86％;含10种以上的属有绒泡菌属、团网菌属、筛菌属、双皮菌属、团毛菌属、钙皮菌属和发网菌属,共含144种,占总数的68．57％。从物种的区系成分上看,世界分布和北温带成分占绝对优势,二者占总种数的66．66％。另外,特有成分也较多。说明长白山黏菌区系丰富多彩并具有特色。     

陕西天华山自然保护区苔藓植物区系研究

根据调查和参考有关文献,对陕西天华山自然保护区苔藓植物区系进行了初步分析,结果表明：种类丰富,本区共有苔藓植物46科95属180种（包括种下类群）。其中苔类植物14科18属37种。藓类植物32科77属143种;优势科为青藓科、提灯藓科、丛藓科、羽藓科、真藓科、绢藓科和灰藓科,优势属为提灯藓属、真藓属、青藓属、光萼苔属、绢藓属、灰藓属、凤尾藓属、丛本藓属、缩叶藓属、羽藓属和仙鹤藓属;地理成分复杂、多样。区系联系广泛;种的地理成分统计分析表明。温带成分占绝对优势。热带成分也占有一定比例,反映了本区苔藓植物区系的热带亲缘性;东亚成分也占有重要地位,有42种,其中中国-日本分布有15种;中国特有种有16种,中国特有分布中以西南区系成分为主。本区苔藓植物区系隶属于华中地区,但兼有多种成分。体现本区苔藓植物区系的南北过渡特征。     

ESCRT & Co

Components of the ESCRT (endosomal sorting complex required for transport) machinery mediate endosomal sorting of ubiquitinated membrane proteins. They are key regulators of biological processes important for cell growth and survival, such as growth‐factor‐mediated signalling and cytokinesis. In addition, enveloped viruses, such as HIV‐1, hijack and utilize the ESCRTs for budding during virus release and infection. Obviously, the ESCRT‐facilitated pathways require tight regulation, which is partly mediated by a group of interacting proteins, for which our knowledge is growing. In this review we discuss the different ESCRT‐modulating proteins and how they influence ESCRT‐dependent processes, for example, by acting as positive or negative regulators or by providing temporal and spatial control. A number of the interactors influence the classical ESCRT‐mediated process of endosomal cargo sorting, for example, by modulating the interaction between ubiquitinated cargo and the ESCRTs. Certain accessory proteins have been implicated in regulating the activity or steady‐state expression levels of the ESCRT components, whereas other interactors control the cellular localization of the ESCRTs, for example, by inducing shuttling between cytosol and nucleus or endosomes. In conclusion, the discovery of novel interactors has and will extend our knowledge of the biological roles of ESCRTs.     

Intrapulmonary Co2 receptors and ventilatory response to lung Co2 loading

The possible role of intrapulmonary CO2 receptors (IPC) in arterial CO2 partial pressure (PaCO2) homeostasis was investigated by comparing the arterial blood gas and ventilatory responses to CO2 loading via the inspired gas and via the venous blood. Adult male Pekin ducks were decerebrated 1 wk prior to an experiment. Venous CO2 loading was accomplished with a venovenous extracorporeal blood circuit that included a silicone-membrane blood oxygenator. The protocol randomized four states: control (no loading), venous CO2 loading, inspired CO2 loading, and venous CO2 unloading. Intravenous and inspired loading both resulted in hypercapnic hyperpnea. Comparison of the ventilatory sensitivity (delta VE/delta PaCO2) showed no significant difference between the two loading regimes. Likewise, venous CO2 unloading led to a significant hypocapnic hypopnea. Sensitivity to changes in PaCO2 could explain the response of ventilation under these conditions. The ventilatory pattern, however, was differentially sensitive to the route of CO2 loading; inspired CO2 resulted in slower deeper breathing than venous loading. It is concluded that IPC play a minor role in adjusting ventilation to match changes in pulmonary CO2 flux but rather are involved in pattern determination.     

The wild type bacterial Co(2+)/Co(2+)-phosphotriesterase shows a middle-range thermostability

The phosphotriesterase (PTE) from Pseudomonas diminuta, a metalloenzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of organophosphorus pesticides and nerve agents, has been described as a remarkably heat-stable protein [Grimsley et al., Biochemistry 36 (1997), 14366-14374]. Because substitution of the naturally occurring zinc ions by cobalt ions was found to enhance the enzyme catalytic activity, we investigated the thermal stability of the Co(2+)/Co(2+)-PTE. This study, carried out using capillary electrophoresis under optimised conditions in the pH range 9-10 compatible with optimal enzyme activity, provided evidence for irreversible denaturation according to the Lumry-Eyring model. A temperature-induced conformational transition (T(m) approximately equal to 58 degrees C) and an early growing of aggregates were observed. Comparison of UV spectra with heat-induced inactivation data clearly demonstrated that the PTE state populated above T(m) was neither native nor active. Differential scanning calorimetry showed only an exothermic trace due to aggregation of the denatured protein at T=76 degrees C. Accordingly, the temperature-induced denaturation process of the PTE could be described by a consecutive reaction model, including formation of an intermediate with enhanced activity at T approximately equal to 45 degrees C and an inactive unfolded state populated at T approximately equal to 58 degrees C, which leads to denatured aggregates. Thus, the wild type Co(2+)/Co(2+)-PTE displays a middle-range thermostability. Hence, for decontamination purposes under extreme Earth temperatures, wild type and engineered mutants of PTE substituted with other metal cations should be evaluated.     

Restriction endonuclease mapping of Co1E2-P9 and Co1E3-CA38 plasmids

Using single and double restriction-endonuclease digestions, 16 and 17 cleavage sites have been mapped for the ColE2-P9 and ColE3-CA38 plasmids, respectively. One or more sites for AvaI, BglI, EcoRI, HincII, PvuI, PvuII, SmaI and XhoI endonucleases were found in both plasmids, two BglII sites were found only in ColE2-P9, and one KpnI site was unique to ColE3-CA38. ColE2-P9 was found to be slightly smaller than ColE3-CA38,4.4 Md compared to 4.6 Md. Eleven restriction sites are common to both plasmids in that they are identically placed relative to each other. These sites define a continuous DNA segment equal to over 60% of each plasmid. The remaining portions of the plasmids, which contain the non-homologous regions identified by Inselburg and Johns (1975) have no restriction sites in common, and differ in size by about 0.2 Md.     

Aminopeptidase Co,a new yeast peptidase

A new aminopeptidase — aminopeptidase Co — has been detected in the yeast $\text{Saccharomyces}\text{cerevisiae}$. The enzyme is only active in the presence of Co²⁺ions. Zn^2+- and Mn²⁺ions are inhibitory. The enzyme activity is also inhibited by chelating agents. Of the p-nitroanilide derivatives tested only those containing basic amino acids are cleaved.