盘县十里坪喀斯特地貌的形态结构与洞穴形成过程

大洞所在的十里坪地区的喀斯特地貌在形态结构上属湿热喀斯特,新第三纪是本区碳酸盐岩体一次强烈的喀斯特化和洞穴化时期,第四纪以来新构造运动强烈的间歇性抬升,喀斯特垂直方向发育,外源水补给区流水喀斯特的解剖成为峰丛洼地（谷地）形成的基本动力,外源水的垂直方向渗透和侧向运移为洞穴初始形成并呈层状分布提供基本条件,干湿冷暖交替的气候变迁迁使这些峰丛洼地,谷地表现出许多残余特征和相应的洞内沉积类型,但无损于仍     

船帆洞旧石器遗址洞穴形成过程与地层划分

本文根据最近发掘所获资料,对万寿岩山船帆洞旧石器时代晚期遗址洞穴的形成过程、洞内地层划分以及与洞外沉积物关系等问题进行初步探讨。提出:船帆洞洞穴的发育明显与区域性断裂及岩体的剪切节理有关;洞内经历数次堆积和冲刷;依岩性、地层关系和哺乳动物化石组合,洞内堆积物可分为Ⅰ(中更新世晚期)、Ⅱ(晚更新世早期)、Ⅲ(晚更新世晚期)和Ⅳ(全新世)4个地层单元。     

白莲洞的次生沉积

白莲洞的喀斯特化经历了无数个喀斯特旋廻。喀斯特洞穴的形成,可划分为三个阶段,即早期的潜水洞阶段,中期的地下水位洞、半充水洞阶段和晚期的完全脱离地下水位的早洞阶段。关于     

猿人洞的溶洞演化和堆积旋回与北京猿人生活环境

猿人洞的溶洞演化过程按岩溶洞穴发生发展规律可划分为６个阶段．在洞穴发育的填充过程中,依据堆积物的成因类型,猿人洞中的中更新世洞穴堆积层可分为７个堆积旋回．每个堆积旋回可与年代相当的黄土堆积旋回和深海气候旋回—一对应．堆积旋回所显示的气候和洞穴环境变化均与北京猿人生活环境及其旧石器文化的发展有着密切的关系．     

贵州省中部和西南部新发现的洞穴遗址调查简报

贵州以更新世洞穴遗址发育在我国古人类学和旧石器时代考古学领域占有重要地位。本文对近年来贵州中部和西南部洞穴遗址的调查发现进行报道。新发现的9处洞穴遗址均分布在珠江水系的盘江流域,文化遗物主要为石制品。黔中遗址的石制品原料主要为燧石和硅质灰岩,而黔西南石制品原料多以河流成因的石英岩砾石居多;剥片技术主要为锤击法;黔中石制品的个体较小,而黔西南石制品的个体相对较大;石器组合以刮削器占多数。区域对比显示这些遗址的年代大致在距今3万年后的更新世末期至全新世初期。本次调查丰富了更新世末期古人类在贵州的活动信息,其中惠水清水苑大洞、长顺马路大洞和安龙路边大洞具有较大的工作前景。     

广西崇左三合大洞的早更新世猪属新材料

系统记述了广西崇左三合大洞早更新世堆积中出土的与巨猿伴生的小猪(Sus xiaozhu)和裴氏猪(S.peii)。三合大洞是小猪在我国境内至少为第12个产地,也是目前最靠南的产地。小猪在三合大洞的发现进一步证实了小猪的繁盛时期是早更新世,繁盛地区在广西。三合大洞是裴氏猪在我国境内至少第9个产地, 也是裴氏猪在我国境内目前最靠南的记录。裴氏猪在三合大洞的发现同样证实了裴氏猪的繁盛时期是早更新世, 繁盛地区也在广西。虽然小猪的时代分布从早更新世早期起并可能延续到晚更新世早期, 裴氏猪的时代分布从早更新世早期到中更新世早期, 但是迄今发现的小猪与裴氏猪同时产出的层位均为早更新世地层, 而三合大洞是迄今我国境内第6个小猪和裴氏猪伴生的早更新世地点。小猪和裴氏猪也经常出现在巨猿产地, 三合大洞是迄今它们共生的第5个地点。小猪和裴氏猪在三合大洞的出现指示三合地区在早更新世具有近水的森林和灌丛环境。     

猿人洞的溶洞演化和堆积旋回与北京猿生活环境

猿人洞的溶洞演化过程按岩溶洞发生发展规律可划分为６个阶段,在洞穴发的填充过程中,依据堆积物的成因类型,猿人洞中的中更新世洞穴堆积层可分为７个堆积旋回。每个堆积旋回可与年代相当的黄土堆积旋回和深海气候旋回一一对应,堆积旋回所显示的气候和洞穴环境变化均与北京猿人生活环境衣其石器文化的发展有着密切的关系。     

贵州省松桃县锰矿区洞穴动物群落结构与环境因子的关系

主要选取松桃锰矿区周边大洞、下洞为对象,研究洞穴环境因子与洞穴动物群落的关系,探索两洞穴环境中是否存在重金属Mn污染,对比分析两洞穴动物群落结构,探讨不同重金属、环境因子与两洞穴动物群落之间的相关性是否一致。通过采集,共获标本1274号,其中大洞660号,隶属于5门10纲21目24科26种,下洞614号,隶属于4门7纲15目21科26种。群落多样性分析结果显示,多样性指数由高到底的顺序为群落D(2.4745)C(1.4036)A(1.3549)B(1.1935)E(1.1384)F(0.7265)。分析大洞、下洞洞穴群落多样性与环境因子Pearson相关系数矩阵得出,大洞土壤中As、Mn与物种数均呈显著正相关,P值分别为0.039、0.029,下洞水体中重金属As与物种优势度呈显著正相关(0.021),重金属Mn与多样性指数呈显著负相关(0.044),温度是影响下洞洞穴群落数量、分布的主要原因。重金属污染评价显示,两洞穴水质污染小,土壤中的重金属除Hg达到极严重污染外,其余重金属均未超过中度污染等级。     

陕西洛南人牙化石及其地质时代

在陕西省洛南县洛河左岸洞穴中,发现一古人类上臼齿,其特点与郧县人牙化石很相似。与人牙化石共存的有大熊猫和獏。后二者比华南洞穴中常见的同类化石明显小,比广西柳城巨猿洞中的小型者要大。从化石特点分析,洛南人牙化石及其所在沉积层的时代为中更新世早期(也有早更新世晚期的可能)。     

湖北建始高坪洞穴调查及其试掘简报

高坪位于湖北省建始县东北部, 长江支流清江流域上游。该区域地处扬子地台中段北缘,区内中生界灰岩发育,新生代以来的构造运动和气候条件有利于岩溶的发育和洞穴形成,山盆期夷平面保存完好。2008年4—5月间, 考察队对该区域进行了为期近一个月的洞穴调查和试掘。对16处洞穴的调查表明,该区域在700m—950m高度发育有较多的更新世洞穴堆积物, 其中洞槽、神牛洞、响水寨洞和左家硝洞等洞穴工作条件较好, 是下一步发掘工作的重点。对巨猿洞东洞口外和大岩洞的试掘表明, 这里蕴藏着较多的动物化石和早期人类活动的遗物, 可进一步发掘和研究。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.