角倍蚜干母种群的空间格局及其形成机理研究

对角倍蚜Schlechtendalia chinensis(Bell)干母种群的空间格局及其形成机理的研究表明,角倍蚜干母种群在倍林间呈聚集分布．导致其聚集分布的原因是角倍蚜本身的聚集行为和盐肤木Rhus chinensts Mill复叶生长状况的异质性两个方面：角倍蚜干母种群分布的基本成分是琉松个体群,个体群的大小为3—6株倍树所占的面积(2．3—4．6m^2);当样方大小为1、3、6株时为聚集分布,大于6株时为均匀分布。     

间作与施用水杨酸甲酯对麦长管蚜及其主要天敌空间分布的影响

研究了小麦-油菜间作和田间施用水杨酸甲酯(MeSA)下麦长管蚜及其主要天敌种群的空间分布.结果表明:小麦-油菜间作和施用MeSA使麦长管蚜的空间分布发生改变.间作和施用MeSA均能降低麦长管蚜的聚集程度,并使之趋于均匀分布,二者同时作用效果更显著.小麦不同生育期天敌种群空间分布的变化趋势与麦长管蚜种群基本一致.研究结果可为确立麦长管蚜及其天敌的田间调查抽样方法和预测预报等提供依据.     

唐家河自然保护区社鼠种群空间格局研究

社鼠为唐家河自然保护区小兽群落的优势种,其种群的空间格局为典型的聚集分布．集群分布为均匀分布,其聚集的强度与密度呈负相关,但不典型．     

碧桃朝鲜球坚蚧的出蛰若虫空间格局及应用

采用多种聚集度指标、Iwao法和Taylor幂函数法分析朝鲜球坚蚧出蛰若虫在碧桃上的空间格局。结果表明,出蛰若虫在碧桃上呈聚集分布,分布以个体群形式存在。碧桃不同段位上的聚集度指标和Iwao法均表明其为聚集分布,而Taylor幂函数法测定为上、中段均匀分布,下段聚集分布,综合分析其成因是各样地受害程度及垂直方向虫口密度差异显著所致。聚集均数λ值的测定结果表明,该虫的聚集原因主要由出蛰若虫自身的生物学习性和环境因素所引起。此外,利用空间格局参数确定了理论抽样数和序贯抽样模型。     

大沙鼠种群空间分布格局的研究

大沙鼠“家族”式的生活方式导致其种群聚集分布格局,且季节差异不显著。每一“家族”占据单一洞群,这些“家族”间在其最适生境内呈明显的均匀分布格局。雄鼠之间为争夺雌鼠在繁殖初期排斥性增强,末期关系趋于缓和。雌鼠对雄鼠的吸引力在整个繁殖期表现强烈,二者呈聚集分布,越冬时则显示扩散趋势;雄鼠的空间格局受雌鼠分布的影响;雌鼠之间为争夺生存空间以利于其繁殖呈强烈的均匀分布格局。     

李园桃蚜和草间小黑蛛种群空间格局的地学统计学研究

利用地学统计学的原理和方法分析了李园桃蚜种群和草间小黑蛛种群的空间结构和时间相关性.结果表明,桃蚜种群6月27日和11月22日此两次的半变异函数拟合模型为直线,表明此两次两种空间分布为均匀分布或随机分布,其余9次半变异函数拟合模型均为球形,表明此9次李园桃蚜种群的空间分布是聚集分布,变程RSD(m)为4.173903～34.7837.草间小黑蛛空间格局5月21日、5月31日及10月19日、11月22日4次半变异函数拟合模型为直线,表明此4次种群的空间分布为均匀分布或随机分布,其余8次半变异函数拟合模型均为球形,表明此8次李园草间小黑蛛种群的空间分布是聚集分布,变程RSD(m)为2.3169～42.00711,表明草间小黑蛛种群对桃蚜种群在空间位置上具有追随关系,对其种群数量的控制有较大作用.     

香蕉假茎象甲卵的空间格局研究

应用多种聚集度指标研究了香蕉假茎象甲卵在香蕉园的空间分布格局 ,结果表明该虫卵在所有密度下都是聚集分布 ,聚集程度与密度不相关 ,分布的基本成份是个体群。在空间格局研究基础上提出了理论抽样数公式 ,给出了不同密度下、不同误差要求的最适抽样数。     

温室瓜蚜种群动态的研究

瓜蚜AphisgossypiiGlover在温室黄瓜上的空间格局为聚集分布,分布的基本成分为个体群,聚集强度随密度的上升而下降;瓜蚜主要分布于中部和下部叶片。瓜蚜在温室黄瓜上呈指数增长,模型为Nt=0.1745e0.7414t(r=0.9676)。应用最优分割法将瓜蚜种群动态划分为3个阶段:初建期、发展期和高峰期。在种群初建期,有翅蚜开始迁入,数量较低,以扩散为主,分布不均匀,聚集强度较高;在发展期,瓜蚜种群不断繁殖扩散,分布日趋均匀,聚集强度逐渐下降;在高峰期,瓜蚜种群数量急剧增长到最高峰,分布至所有植株,聚集强度继续下降,此阶段后由于黄瓜植株受害枯萎,瓜蚜缺少食物而数量急剧下降。     

红松存在/不存在数据的多尺度空间分布格局

红松属小兴安岭地区地带性植被优势种,该地区也是其分布的北缘。在景观尺度上开展红松的分布格局研究有利于进一步了解红松分布机理、未来迁移过程等问题,对其经营和保护有重要意义。将景观指数法与点格局分析法结合,设定8个空间尺度,利用红松存在/不存在数据,通过计算各空间尺度上红松聚集程度和景观指数,分析小兴安岭地区红松种群在多尺度上的分布格局。研究结果表明,小尺度上红松聚集分布明显,随机分布区多处于其聚集分布区的边缘,均匀分布区则散布在其聚集分布区内。景观指数研究表明,通过景观指数可判断红松聚集分布格局趋势,而不能判断均匀分布、随机分布格局趋势,因为它们在多尺度下景观指数波动大,不能用景观指数来描述分布格局。研究得出如下结论:1)红松主要分布在其分布区的核心区域内,在分布区边缘和过渡带上呈随机分布,2)存在/不存在数据能够用来分析种群的多尺度空间分布格局,3)空间尺度的变化会引起树种分布格局的变化,随机分布随尺度增加,边缘化程度加强,4)单一尺度上,景观格局指数不能完全描述种群分布格局;而在多尺度上,变化趋势稳定的景观指数表明聚集分布存在,而波动剧烈的景观指数常与随机分布和均匀分布联系在一起,5)地形因子中,红松对坡度和海拔两个因子变化敏感。     

基于地统计学和GIS的苜蓿斑蚜种群空间结构分析和分布模拟

运用地理信息系统(GIS)和地统计学方法对宁夏南部固原市原州区不同时期苜蓿斑蚜(Therioaphis trifolii)种群的空间结构进行了分析,并采用普通克立格插值法模拟了苜蓿斑蚜种群空间分布.结果表明:不同时期苜蓿斑蚜种群存在空间相关性,其半变异函数曲线均为指数型,空间格局呈聚集分布,空间变异成分的变化范围为34.13%~48.77%,空间相关范围为8.751~12.049km,聚集程度和方向有从西南向东北方向聚集的趋势.空间分布模拟图能较好地从时间、空间两个角度直观地分析不同时期苜蓿斑蚜种群的动态变化,易于确定同一时期苜蓿斑蚜的发生位置和发生程度.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.