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1.
赖草属植物具有广泛的适应性和丰富的抗逆性,作为麦类作物的重要基因资源愈来愈受到人们的重视。介绍了赖草属植物的种类及分布,分析了赖草属植物的优良特性及潜在利用价值,探讨了赖草属植物的核型、染色体带型及分子细胞遗传学研究,重点论述了赖草属植物在小麦遗传改良中的应用.阐明挖掘利用小麦近缘野生植物是未来小麦品种改良的有效途径。 相似文献
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横断山地区兰科植物区系的研究 总被引:10,自引:2,他引:8
兰科在横断山地区是维管束植物中的大科之一,共有91属,363种及9变种。 4属为我国特有属,其中1属为本地区所特有;155种及9变种为我国特有种。 其中69种及5变种为本地区所 特有。本文对属、种进行了分析,并对全部种的分布格局作了详细的介绍,概述了本地区兰科植物的区系组成及特点。本文从兰科植物属、种的分布提出了四川峨眉山是东亚植物区中划分中国-喜马拉雅植物亚区和中国-日本植物亚区的分界线上的一个重要的点的看法。 相似文献
3.
《天然产物研究与开发》2016,(4)
米仔兰属植物在我国民间应用较多,已有不少学者从植物生态学和植物化学等方面对本属植物进行了广泛研究,但相关进展综述迄今尚未见报道。目前对米仔兰属植物化学成分及生物活性的报道较多集中于三萜类成分,该成分因其结构新奇成为米仔兰属所在楝科植物的特征性成分,因此其化学成分及生物活性均为当前研究热点。鉴于此,作者对国内外已报道的米仔兰属植物中化学成分及其生物活性研究进行归纳总结,特别关注其中三萜的不同类型及代表性活性,拟为进一步深入、系统地研究开发米仔兰属其它植物提供参考。 相似文献
4.
芒属植物重金属耐性强,并且是重要的能源植物,其在矿山废弃地植被恢复中的应用备受关注.芒属植物对多种重金属耐性强,但不属于重金属超累积植物.目前的研究认为,根系代谢能力强、根际存在多种共生微生物及抗氧化和光合作用能力强是芒属植物重金属耐性强的重要原因,但更为全面的耐性机理需要深入研究.芒属植物在矿山废弃地植被恢复的应用潜力大,可以清除土壤重金属、改善土壤性质和促进生物多样性发展.本文总结分析了芒属植物生物学特性、重金属耐性特点、机理及其在矿山废弃地植被恢复中的应用潜力,提出了应用芒属植物进行矿山废弃地植被恢复的基本思路,并对芒属植物的重金属耐性机理及应用的未来研究方向进行展望,以期为利用芒属植物开展矿山废弃地植被恢复提供借鉴. 相似文献
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榆科榉属的植物地理学 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
榉属是东亚—地中海间断分布局,分属于东亚植物区、地中海植物区及伊朗—土兰植物区。根据现存榉属植物的形态演化趋势、细胞学、孢粉学证据及其化石资料和古地质历史事件相结合分析,该属植物是第三纪温带森林的孑遗成分而且第三纪末期的喜马拉雅造山运动及第四纪的冰川作用是样属植物演化的主要动力。在欧洲,由于喜马拉雅造山运动及第四纪冰川作用的较强烈,使分布于此的榉属植物受到严厉的生存竞争,未能适应环境的物种遭受灭绝,少数进行适应性变异的物种在极端环境条件下生存了下来。而东亚地区由于自然环境相对较稳定,便成了榉属植物的避难所,因此也保留了榉属植物种较为古老的种类。 相似文献
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贝母属(Fritillaria)植物同物异名现象与思考 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
贝母属(Fritillaria)植物种类丰富,分布区域广泛。在国内外植物分类研究中,很多种类的分类学地位较为混乱,出现了大量同物异名的现象,为该属植物的研究造成巨大障碍。因此以《Flora of China》中记述的贝母属植物种类为基础,整理了我国近些年来不同学者对该属植物的新发现与新归并;并结合英国皇家植物园(邱园)的Plant List数据库中记录的贝母属植物种类,对该属植物的名称进行了详细的梳理,列举了存在"同物异名"问题的贝母属物种。为研究贝母属植物的分类及该属植物的开发与利用,提供科学参考。 相似文献
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乌头属植物化学成分、药理作用及其内生菌的研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
毛茛科乌头属植物广泛分布于北温带地区,具有重要的药用价值。乌头属植物主要的化学成分是生物碱,其中二萜生物碱是历来的研究热点。现代药理学研究证明,乌头属植物具有镇痛、抗炎、抗肿瘤及杀虫等作用。目前乌头属植物内生菌的研究也逐渐开展。本文对乌头属植物近年来报道的新的化学成分、药理研究和利用植物内生菌产生活性成分等进行了综述,可为乌头属植物的进一步开发利用提供参考。 相似文献
11.
甘肃悬钩子属系统分类及区系地理研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
甘肃省产悬钩子属植物34种、8变种、隶属于3组11亚组,其中5个种为甘肃分布新记录、个新种及1个新变种。本文根据实地调查和标本鉴定,编制了系统检索表,并对甘肃悬钩子属植物区系成分及区系成进行了初步探讨。 相似文献
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天目山自然保护区悬钩子属药用植物资源研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
通过野外调查、采集标本、分类鉴定和查阅文献相结合的方法对浙江省天目山国家级自然保护区悬钩子属植物的药用资源状况进行了较为系统的调查研究。结果发现 :该保护区有悬钩子属植物 1 6种和 1变种 ,它们都可以作为药用植物入药 ,且资源蕴藏量大 ,具有较高的开发利用价值。该项研究有助于该保护区悬钩子属药用植物的开发利用 ,对扩大该属植物药源和发展地方经济都将起到积极的促进作用 相似文献
15.
中国悬钩子属花粉形态观察 总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18
通过扫描电镜观察了中国悬钩子属7组23亚组共103个种的花粉形态。本属花粉为圆球形、近
球形、长球形和超长球形,少数为菱形和六边形,具三孔沟,大小多为16.0~38.Oμm×12.0~30.0μm,外壁纹饰可分为皱波型、条纹型、脑纹型和穿孔网型等类型,进而可分为皱波-近光滑状、皱波-条纹状、皱波-穿孔状、条纹状、条纹-穿孔状、条纹-网状、脑纹状、脑纹-穿孔状、穿孔状、穿孔-网状及网状等11个亚型。分析结果认为,悬钩子属的花粉形态特征对该属种的区分有一定的参考价值,但要合理地阐释其系统发育意义,仍需积累更多的信息。 相似文献
16.
Pollen morphology of 103 species belonging to twenty-three subsections of seven sections
of Rubus L. was examined with SEM. The pollen grains are usually 3-colporate, spheroidal, subspheroidal, prolate and perprolate, though occasionally rhombic and hexagonal, 16.0~38.0 μm ×
12.0~30.0 μum in size. The exine ornamentation can be divided into rugulate, striate, cerebroid
and perforate-reticulate types, which include 11 subtypes: rugulate-subpsilate, rugulate-striate, rugulate-perforate, striate, striate-perforate, striate-reticulate, cerebroid, cerebroid-perforate, perforate, perforate-reticulate and reticulate. The pollen morphology is of some significance for a better
classification of the genus Rubus, but seems to be of little help for a better understanding of thephylogeny of the genus. 相似文献
17.
悬钩子属植物资源及其利用 总被引:35,自引:1,他引:34
顾姻 《植物资源与环境学报》1992,1(2):50-60
悬钩子属Rubus L.植物资源丰富,分布广泛,我国已发表201种98变种,种类之多仅次于北美中心,在分布上自西向东,自南而北有逐渐减少的趋势,西南部为分布中心,利用上有果用和药用两个主要途径,本文在进行国内资源考察的基础上,回顾了国内外悬钩子属植物的利用历史及其栽培化进程,并提出了我国野生悬钩子属植物中具有圈在果用潜力的11个种,本属许多种类是生态适应性很强的地被植物,从保护环境的角度出发,其在水土保持和美化环境方面的价值也值得注意。 相似文献
18.
本文报告采自四川西部九寨沟自然保护区菰帽悬钩子(Rubus pileatus Focke)上的一个锈菌新种。标本上仅见冬孢子堆,冬孢子双胞,类似柄锈菌的冬孢子。由于未见性子器,属的地位尚难确定。然而,此菌的冬孢子堆外观酷似悬钩子植物上特有的单种属阿氏锈菌属(Arthuriomyces)。镜下观察测得孢子大小为40-55(-65) × 22-28 μm,孢壁厚度为3-4.5 μm,有细皱纹,每个细胞各具一芽孔。从芽孔数及位置看符合阿氏锈菌属的特征,因而将此菌暂隶于此属,命名为悬钩子生阿氏锈菌(Arthuriomyces rubicola sp. nov.) 相似文献
19.
Lu Ling-Ti 《植物分类学报:英文版》1983,21(1):13-25
The genus Rubus is one of the largest genera in the Rosaceae, consisting of more
than 750 species in many parts of the world, of which 194 species have been recorded
in China.
In the present paper the Rubus is understood in its broad sense, including all the
blackberries, dewberries and raspberries, comprising the woody and herbaceous kinds.
So it is botanically a polymorphic, variable and very complicated group of plants.
The detailed analysis and investigation of the evolutionary trends of the main organs
in this genus have indicated the passage from shrubs to herbs in an evolutionary line,
although there is no obvious discontinuity of morphological characters in various taxa.
From a phylogenetic point of view, the Sect. Idaeobatus Focke is the most primitive
group, characterized by its shrub habit armed with sharp prickles, aciculae or setae,
stipules attached to the petioles, flowers hermaphrodite and often in terminal or axillary inflorescences, very rarely solitary, druplets separated from receptacles. Whereas
the herbaceous Sect. Chamaemorus L. is the most advanced group, which is usually
unarmed, rarely with aciculae or setae, stipules free, flowers dieocious, solitary, druplets adhering to the receptacles and with high chromosome numbers (2n = 56).
Basing upon the evolutionary tendency of morphological features, chromosome numbers of certain species recorded in literature and the distribution patterns of species,
a new systematic arrangement of Chinese Rubus has been suggested by the present
authors. Focke in his well-known monograph divided the species of Rubus into 12
subgenera, while in the Flora of China 8 sections of Focke were adapted, but some important revisions have been made in some taxa and Sect. Dalibarda Focke has been
reduced to Sect. Cylactis Focke. In addition, the arrangement of sections is presented
in a reverse order to those of Focke’s system. The species of Rubus in China are
classified into 8 sections with 24 subsections (tab. 3) as follows: 1. Sect. Idaeobatus,
emend. Yü et Lu(11 subsect. 83 sp.); 2. Sect. Lampobatus Focke (1 sp.); 3. Sect.
Rubus (1 sp.); 4. Sect. Malachobatus Focke, emend. Yü et Lu (13 subsect. 85 sp.); 5.
Sect. Dalibardastrus (Focke)Yü et Lu (10 sp.); 6. Sect. Chaemaebatus Focke (5 sp.);
7. Sect. Cylactis Focke, emend. Yü et Lu (8 sp.); 8. Sect. Chamaemorus Focke (1 sp.).
In respect to the geographical distribution the genus Rubus occurs throughout the
world as shown in tab. 2, particularly abundant in the Northern Hemisphere, while
the greatest concentration of species appears in North America and E. Asia. Of the
more than 750 species in the world, 470 or more species (64%) distributed in North
America. It is clearly showm that the center of distribution lies in North America at
present time. There are about 200 species recorded in E. Asia, of which the species
in China (194) amount to 97% of the total number. By analysis of the distribution
of species in China the great majority of them inhabit the southern parts of the Yangtze
River where exist the greatest number of species and endemics, especially in southwestern parts of China, namely Yunnan, Sichuan and Guizhou (tab. 3. 4.). It is interesting to note that the centre of distribution of Rubus in China ranges From northwestern Yunnan to south-western Sichuan (tab. 5), where the genus also reaches its
highest morphological diversity.
In this region the characteristics of floristic elements of Rubus can be summarized
as follows: it is very rich in composition, contaning 6 sections and 94 species, about
66% of the total number of Chinese species; there are also various complex groups,
including primitive, intermediate and advanced taxa of phylogenetic importance; the
proportion of endemic plants is rather high, reaching 61 species, up to 44% of the
total endemics in China. It is noteworthy to note that the most primitive Subsect.
Thyrsidaei (Focke) Yü et Lu, consisting of 9 endemic species, distributed in southern
slopes of the Mts. Qin Ling and Taihang Shan (Fig. 4). From the above facts we may
concluded that the south-western part of China is now not only the center of distribution and differentiation of Rubus in China, but it may also be the center of origin ofthis genus. 相似文献
20.
Bushakra JM Stephens MJ Atmadjaja AN Lewers KS Symonds VV Udall JA Chagné D Buck EJ Gardiner SE 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2012,125(2):311-327
The genus Rubus belongs to the Rosaceae and is comprised of 600-800 species distributed world-wide. To date, genetic maps of the genus consist largely of non-transferable markers such as amplified fragment length polymorphisms. An F(1) population developed from a cross between an advanced breeding selection of Rubus occidentalis (96395S1) and R. idaeus 'Latham' was used to construct a new genetic map consisting of DNA sequence-based markers. The genetic linkage maps presented here are constructed of 131 markers on at least one of the two parental maps. The majority of the markers are orthologous, including 14 Rosaceae conserved orthologous set markers, and 60 new gene-based markers developed for raspberry. Thirty-four published raspberry simple sequence repeat markers were used to align the new maps to published raspberry maps. The 96395S1 genetic map consists of six linkage groups (LG) and covers 309 cM with an average of 10 cM between markers; the 'Latham' genetic map consists of seven LG and covers 561 cM with an average of 5 cM between markers. We used BLAST analysis to align the orthologous sequences used to design primer pairs for Rubus genetic mapping with the genome sequences of Fragaria vesca 'Hawaii 4', Malus × domestica 'Golden Delicious', and Prunus 'Lovell'. The alignment of the orthologous markers designed here suggests that the genomes of Rubus and Fragaria have a high degree of synteny and that synteny decreases with phylogenetic distance. Our results give unprecedented insights into the genome evolution of raspberry from the putative ancestral genome of the single ancestor common to Rosaceae. 相似文献