皖南悬钩子植物资源及开发利用

本文对皖南悬钩子属植物的种类及分布进行了调查研究,该属植物皖南有20种5变种,并报道了该资源的开发利用价值。     

浙江省可食悬钩子的调查研究

悬钩子系蔷薇科悬钩子属(Rubus L.)植物的总称,我国共有194种,全国各地均有分布,但主要分布在西南地区。悬钩子属中有许多种类的聚合果肉质多浆,芳香,果味酸甜,含有丰富的蛋白质、糖、有机酸和维生素等营养物质,可供生食,亦可加工成果酱、果酒、果汁和蜜饯等。悬钩子在欧美已长期栽培,作为重要的水果。但是,我国的悬钩子除东北有极少种类的零星栽培外,其它地区均处于野生状态,我国有关可食悬钩子的种类、果实成分及其主要经济性状等也未见研究报道。随着生活水平的不断提高,人们不仅要求水果要数量     

黄果悬钩子资源开发利用研究

蔷薇科悬钩子属植物在国外作为一种重要的浆果类果树已具有悠久的栽培历史。我国悬钩子属植物虽种类繁多、资源丰富,但绝大部分目前仍处于野生状态。选择和保护其中一些优良的种类和类型加以开发利用,可以为我国人民提供一种高营养、高抗性的新型果品,并且对我国“第三代果树”的开发利用具有直接地促进作用。黄果悬钩子(Rubus xanthocarpus Eureau et Franch)是悬钩子属中一种珍贵的草本性野生果树。     

云南悬钩子种质资源考察

１９９６￣１９９７年进行了云南省悬钩子资源考察。野外调查发现１个新种、５个新种、新分布６种５变种。结合前人采集记载,云南省悬钩子植物种类为中１０７种４５变种,其中云南特有种３０种１６变种,西南４省特有种２８种１０变种,合计特有种共５８种２６变种顺滇南、滇东南、滇中、滇西和滇东并５个调查地区中,悬钩子属植物最集中分布在滇西和滇东南。阐述了物种分布特点及变异的多样性。介绍了栽秧泡（Ｒｕｂｕｓ ｅｌｌｐ     

悬钩子属植物生物学作用研究进展

悬钩子属（Rubus）植物是蔷薇科（Rosaceae）中的一个大属,全世界已知有750余种,我国约有210多种,分布广泛,但以长江以南及西北地区多见。本属植物中有些种类果实柔嫩多汁,营养丰富;有些种类的果实、种子、根及叶可入药,药用价值较高,具活血化瘀,祛风祛湿,清热解毒,止血止痛,固肾涩精等功效。20世纪80年代以来,我国覆盆子研究利用引起了人们的关注。就近年来悬钩子属植物生物学作用研究情况作一总结。     

福建省悬钩子属植物资源的调查、收集、评价和利用的研究

本文对福省建悬钩子属植物的种类和分布进行了调查研究,该属植物在福建计有41种,5变种。其中1种、1变种是新分布。     

我国野生悬钩子资源及其开发利用

悬钩子属植物(Rubus sp.)在国外特别是欧美已作为大宗水果(树莓)具有悠久的栽培历史。我国东北地区也有零星栽培,但栽培品种均引自于国外,而极少利用当地的野生种类。我国野生悬钩子种类繁多,资源极其丰富,其中有很多种类可直接引种家养作为栽培果树,为人们提供高营养、高抗性、无污染的“第三代水果”,也有不少种类可以作为树莓育种的优良性状的种质来源和现有品种的抗性、矮化砧木等,改良现有品种组合。因此开发利用我国的野生悬钩子资源具有重要意义。     

秦巴山区山莓资源及其研究

山莓(Rubus corchorifolius L. f.)是蔷薇科悬钩子属、空心莓亚属中一种落叶小灌木,广泛分布于我国南北各地。悬钩子属植物在欧美各国栽培已久,并已选育出许多栽培类型进行推广;在我国除东北哈尔滨一带有零星栽植以外其他地区仍以野生为主,系统的研究和开发利用尚未进行,资源流失、破坏的现象仍十分严重。秦巴山区是我国悬钩子属植物的集中分布区之一,从甘肃文县到湖北郧西、竹溪都有山     

悬钩子属基因库的建立与维护

江苏省中国科学院植物研究所在进行了７个省悬钩子属种质资源调查的基础上,１９９３年获得国家自然科学基金资助,在南京建立了我国第一个悬钩子属基因库,开展了悬钩子属种质资源评价的研究。     

山茶属植物资源的开发与利用

一、种类及地理分布山茶属 Camellia 是山茶科内最大的属,已发表的种类超过230种,且不断还有新种发现。据张宏达先生的研究,这些种分隶于四个亚属,二十个组。我国是山茶属植物的起源与分布中心,产200种以上,其中大部分分布在我国南部及西南部,尤以广西、云南、广东为最多(见附表)。因此我国山茶属植物资源极为丰富,如能加以合理利用,将产生良好经济效益。     

天目山自然保护区悬钩子属药用植物资源研究

通过野外调查、采集标本、分类鉴定和查阅文献相结合的方法对浙江省天目山国家级自然保护区悬钩子属植物的药用资源状况进行了较为系统的调查研究。结果发现 :该保护区有悬钩子属植物 1 6种和 1变种 ,它们都可以作为药用植物入药 ,且资源蕴藏量大 ,具有较高的开发利用价值。该项研究有助于该保护区悬钩子属药用植物的开发利用 ,对扩大该属植物药源和发展地方经济都将起到积极的促进作用     

中国悬钩子属植物的利用价值概述

主要报道中国悬钩子属植物作为果树种质资源和药用植物的利用价值及果实色素和香味成分的利用潜力。经过十余年的调查１引种栽培和观测评价,发现一些种类可以作为野生小果类果树直接利用,其中２３种４变种是悬钩子类果树选育种的优良种质。据文献记载和民间调查发现。４５种４变种悬钩子植物可以作为中草药治疗多种疾病。对灰白毛莓、高梁泡、蓬、掌叶复盆子和黑莓果实色素的研究结果表明：悬钩子果实色素以醇提法为佳,水提法效果     

悬钩子属植物的开发利用概述

综合了国内外学者对悬钩子属植物的调查、研究 ,阐述了该属植物的生物学特征 ,地理分布 ,栽培状况 ,生理生化特征 ,药用有效成分分析 ,药理作用和开发利用方面的研究进展 ,并针对当前国内对悬钩子属植物的利用 ,提出了保护野生资源 ,发展人工种植 ,合理利用资源 ,制定中草药生产技术标准操作规程 (SOP)和中草药生产质量管理规范 (GAP) ,鉴定药用有效成分 ,开发相关有机食品和保健产品等一系列合理化建议     

A Study on the Genus Rubus of China

The genus Rubus is one of the largest genera in the Rosaceae, consisting of more than 750 species in many parts of the world, of which 194 species have been recorded in China. In the present paper the Rubus is understood in its broad sense, including all the blackberries, dewberries and raspberries, comprising the woody and herbaceous kinds. So it is botanically a polymorphic, variable and very complicated group of plants. The detailed analysis and investigation of the evolutionary trends of the main organs in this genus have indicated the passage from shrubs to herbs in an evolutionary line, although there is no obvious discontinuity of morphological characters in various taxa. From a phylogenetic point of view, the Sect. Idaeobatus Focke is the most primitive group, characterized by its shrub habit armed with sharp prickles, aciculae or setae, stipules attached to the petioles, flowers hermaphrodite and often in terminal or axillary inflorescences, very rarely solitary, druplets separated from receptacles. Whereas the herbaceous Sect. Chamaemorus L. is the most advanced group, which is usually unarmed, rarely with aciculae or setae, stipules free, flowers dieocious, solitary, druplets adhering to the receptacles and with high chromosome numbers (2n = 56). Basing upon the evolutionary tendency of morphological features, chromosome numbers of certain species recorded in literature and the distribution patterns of species, a new systematic arrangement of Chinese Rubus has been suggested by the present authors. Focke in his well-known monograph divided the species of Rubus into 12 subgenera, while in the Flora of China 8 sections of Focke were adapted, but some important revisions have been made in some taxa and Sect. Dalibarda Focke has been reduced to Sect. Cylactis Focke. In addition, the arrangement of sections is presented in a reverse order to those of Focke’s system. The species of Rubus in China are classified into 8 sections with 24 subsections (tab. 3) as follows: 1. Sect. Idaeobatus, emend. Yü et Lu(11 subsect. 83 sp.); 2. Sect. Lampobatus Focke (1 sp.); 3. Sect. Rubus (1 sp.); 4. Sect. Malachobatus Focke, emend. Yü et Lu (13 subsect. 85 sp.); 5. Sect. Dalibardastrus (Focke)Yü et Lu (10 sp.); 6. Sect. Chaemaebatus Focke (5 sp.); 7. Sect. Cylactis Focke, emend. Yü et Lu (8 sp.); 8. Sect. Chamaemorus Focke (1 sp.). In respect to the geographical distribution the genus Rubus occurs throughout the world as shown in tab. 2, particularly abundant in the Northern Hemisphere, while the greatest concentration of species appears in North America and E. Asia. Of the more than 750 species in the world, 470 or more species (64%) distributed in North America. It is clearly showm that the center of distribution lies in North America at present time. There are about 200 species recorded in E. Asia, of which the species in China (194) amount to 97% of the total number. By analysis of the distribution of species in China the great majority of them inhabit the southern parts of the Yangtze River where exist the greatest number of species and endemics, especially in southwestern parts of China, namely Yunnan, Sichuan and Guizhou (tab. 3. 4.). It is interesting to note that the centre of distribution of Rubus in China ranges From northwestern Yunnan to south-western Sichuan (tab. 5), where the genus also reaches its highest morphological diversity. In this region the characteristics of floristic elements of Rubus can be summarized as follows: it is very rich in composition, contaning 6 sections and 94 species, about 66% of the total number of Chinese species; there are also various complex groups, including primitive, intermediate and advanced taxa of phylogenetic importance; the proportion of endemic plants is rather high, reaching 61 species, up to 44% of the total endemics in China. It is noteworthy to note that the most primitive Subsect. Thyrsidaei (Focke) Yü et Lu, consisting of 9 endemic species, distributed in southern slopes of the Mts. Qin Ling and Taihang Shan (Fig. 4). From the above facts we may concluded that the south-western part of China is now not only the center of distribution and differentiation of Rubus in China, but it may also be the center of origin ofthis genus.     

抗抑郁药用植物研究进展

近年来,虽然药用植物被用于临床治疗精神紊乱和行为异常等相关性疾病,如:抑郁、焦虑、癫痫、记忆力衰退、失眠、老年痴呆和药物中毒等,但是,有关药用植物抗抑郁作用的研究性报道较少,且不够系统。本综述主要归纳和总结了具有抗抑郁作用的药用植物及其活性提取物,包括药用植物粗提物和单体活性成分等天然产物,为充分开发利用我国药用植物资源以及民间传统用药提供科学依据,促进高效安全抑郁症治疗方法的研究。     

Conservation of medicinal plants of Western Ghats,India and its sustainable utilization through <Emphasis Type="Italic">in vitro</Emphasis> technology

Climate change, alien species, and use of land for intensive farming and development are causing severe threat to the plant genetic diversity worldwide. Hence, conservation of biodiversity is considered fundamental and also provides the livelihoods to millions of people worldwide. Medicinal plants play a key role in the treatment of a number of diseases, and they are only the source of medicine for majority of people in the developing world. The tropical regions of the world supply the bulk of current global demand for “natural medicine,” albeit with increasing threat to populations in the world and its genetic diversity. India is a major center of origin and diversity of crop and medicinal plants. India poses out 20,000 species of higher plants, one third of it being endemic and 500 species are categorized to have medicinal value. The Western Ghats is one of the major repositories of medicinal plants. It harbors around 4,000 species of higher plants of which 450 species are threatened. Currently, the number of species added to the red list category in this region is increasing, and the valuable genetic resources are being lost at a rapid rate. Demand for medicinal plants is increasing, and this leads to unscrupulous collection from the wild and adulteration of supplies. Providing high-quality planting material for sustainable use and thereby saving the genetic diversity of plants in the wild is important. During the last 25 years of intensive research, Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute has developed in vitro protocol for rapid regeneration and establishment of about 40 medicinally important rare and threatened plants of Western Ghats. In situ conservation alone would not be effective in safeguarding these important species. Thus, utilizing the biotechnoligical approach to complement ex situ conservation program is becoming vital. Propagating biotechnology tools in plant conservation program is a prerequisite to succeed in sustainable use and to complement the existing ex situ measures. In addition to propagation, storage of these valuable genetic resources is equally important. In vitro slow growth of 35 species and cryopreservation using embryo/meristem/seed in 20 different species of rare medicinal plants of this region is accomplished. Plants developed in vitro of ten medicinal plants, which have restricted distribution, were reintroduced in the natural habitat as well.     

中国植物园五十年

概述了中国140多个植物园过去50年发展的历史过程、分布和特征,以及植物园在研究、保护、展示和利用生物多样性等方面的功能.评述了中国植物园早期在经济作物烟草、药用植物薯蓣和野生果树资源研究中对社会和经济发展的贡献,以及近年来在种子科学、物种保护、经济植物引种驯化和育种等方面的理论和应用研究成果.介绍了中国植物园活植物收集的现状.其中木兰科、姜科、苏铁类、药用植物、猕猴桃属和杜鹃属等收集圃的建设已属世界领先.介绍了植物园科普和旅游的发展和中国植物园特有的盆景艺术园和硅化木收集园.     

盾叶莓的生物学性状及开发前景

盾叶莓为蔷薇科悬钩子属的多年生落叶灌木,主要分布区在我国苏、浙、皖等省,生长于海拔700 m以上到1 350 m的山区。其地上枝条为两年生,当年生枝条可生长到1～2 m高,秋季落叶经冬季休眠后,次年的5～7月份开花结果后迅速枯死。其果实大,且营养价值高,繁殖容易,是一种具有开发利用价值的野生水果资源。     

中国植物园五十年

概述了中国 14 0多个植物园过去 5 0年发展的历史过程、分布和特征 ,以及植物园在研究、保护、展示和利用生物多样性等方面的功能。评述了中国植物园早期在经济作物烟草、药用植物薯蓣和野生果树资源研究中对社会和经济发展的贡献 ,以及近年来在种子科学、物种保护、经济植物引种驯化和育种等方面的理论和应用研究成果。介绍了中国植物园活植物收集的现状。其中木兰科、姜科、苏铁类、药用植物、猕猴桃属和杜鹃属等收集圃的建设已属世界领先。介绍了植物园科普和旅游的发展和中国植物园特有的盆景艺术园和硅化木收集园     

广西十万大山自然保护区植物资源

本文报道了广西十万大山自然保护区植物资源,介绍其中主要的材用植物、药用植物、油脂植物、纤维植物、淀粉植物、杂果植物、芳香植物、栲胶植物、保健饮料植物、饲用植物、花卉观赏植物、水土保持植物、珍稀濒危植物等13类资源植物,最后提出植物资源保护与开发利用的建议.