鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘陕西陇县晚奥陶世背锅山组生物礁

鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘的陕西陇县李家坡晚奥陶世背锅山组生物礁为典型的台地边缘礁,包括层孔虫礁、珊瑚礁、钙藻礁等几种类型,主要为层孔虫礁。经过系统古生物学研究,鉴定出层孔虫有5个属,分别为Ecclimadictyon(蜂巢层孔虫)、Clathrodictyon(网格层孔虫)、Tuvaechis(图瓦层孔虫)、Rosenella(罗森层孔虫)、Labechiella(小拉贝希层孔虫)等;珊瑚有6个属,分别为Tetradium(四分珊瑚),Hemiagetolitella(拟半阿盖特珊瑚),Plasmoporella(似网膜珊瑚),Eofletcheria(始弗莱契珊瑚),Catenipora(镣珊瑚),Reuschia(劳氏珊瑚);钙藻以Vermiporella(蠕孔藻)和Solenopora(管孔藻)为主。礁发育早期以层状层孔虫包卷砂屑、单体珊瑚、管状海绵、块状钙藻等形态为主要特征,礁发育中后期以块状和球状的层孔虫以及大型的床板珊瑚形成格架为主要特征。礁体发育过程中居礁生物都很丰富,有三叶虫、腕足类、介形类、大棘皮类和丛状的蓝细菌等。通过与塔中台地以及扬子台地的晚奥陶世台缘礁对比,发现造礁生物的属种和礁岩类型均有相似之处,说明中国晚奥陶世生物礁的分布具有等时性。     

层孔虫的发生,发展和消亡

最古老的层孔虫究竟是从何时开始出现的?苏联学者亚沃尔斯基(Yavorsky)在1932年描述了西伯利亚西部中寒武世的Clathrodictyon和Anostylostroma属的几个分子。此后,哈尔菲娜 (Khalfina,1960)又收集了一些资料,把Anostylostroma vologdini改为Praeactinostroma vologdini,而Clathrodictyon的一些分子定名为Korovinella属。它们是不是层孔虫?采集的层位是否有问题,曾为弗吕格尔(Flugel,1957)讨论过,指出它们不是层孔虫而可能是古杯。盖洛威(Galloway,1957)更为明确的提出它们就是古杯,进一步     

滇东盘溪地区中泥盆世吉维特期两个层孔虫群落的生态分析

一、前言我国华南地区泥盆纪碳酸盐岩地层相当发育,其中云南东部盘溪地区泥盆纪华宁组含有大量的层孔虫、珊瑚等化石。层孔虫是早古生代一类重要的造礁生物,在地层中大量保存于原生位置,是古群落研究的良好素材。盘溪地区层孔虫化石的系统描述工作已有相当基础,王树碑、范建才(1974)描述了大量滇东泥盆系     

广西六寨中泥盆统台地边缘丘状叠置礁内的层孔虫生物礁

南丹六寨中泥盆统台地边缘层孔虫生物群内的层孔虫头骨有块状、柱状、板状、短粗枝状及皮壳包覆状等五大类型(其中块状又可分为孤立的11种类型和复合的9种类型,它们是丘状礁主要的建造格架块状体),分属8个属,可鉴定15个种。层孔虫大多分布于礁相,少数分布于礁相和非礁相,极少数只在非礁相出现。有三点结论:1.造架层孔虫共骨外形表现出较高的稳固性。这些形态基本上限于礁相。它们都具有较强的生长扩展特征。2.共骨外形在礁相的远较在非礁相的多样化,并具多变性。3.环境中底质性质和沉积速率是造架层孔虫生长发育的制约因素;也是层孔虫格架礁形成和发育规模的制约因索。     

湖南新邵巨口铺泥盆纪棋梓桥组的层孔虫及其造礁特征

湖南新邵巨口铺泥盆纪生物礁出现在中泥盆统棋梓桥组中上部,根据沉积特征的差异,礁体分上下两部分;下部成层性明显,以厚层生物格架灰岩为主;上部以灰白色块状徽晶一亮晶灰岩为主,灰岩成层性很差,生物也较单调。礁体可划分8种沉积微相,其发展过程有明显阶段性。这些阶段性与礁体群落的发展和演替相联系。它是开阔浅海与台地浅海相变过渡带上的一种层状礁。礁体内有丰富的层孔虫,计16属近40种。该文选择了较为常见、保存较好的10属18种进行了描述和研究。     

湖南邵东中泥盆统棋梓桥组层孔虫生物群及其生态环境

湖南中部泥盆纪地层和生物礁相当发育。湖南邵东中泥盆世棋梓桥期的泥质石灰岩中层孔虫广泛分布,本文共描述邵东廉桥马鞍山棋梓桥期层孔虫12属18种,其中Stromatopora wenshanensis为一新名,代替1982年根据一个云南标本定名为Stromatopora irregularis的种名。 马鞍山礁是—发育在海底平台上的厚度稍有变化的层状礁,马鞍山礁的沉积相变化过程,是由近岸浅海到展状礁普遍发育的开阔台地,再到封闭或半封闭的泻湖或潮坪环境。生物组合和沉积物也随沉积环境的变化而发生相应的变化。     

桂林北郊岩山中泥盆世吉维期珊瑚-层孔虫礁

桂林北郊灵川县岩山大村剖面和乌龟山剖面为中泥盆世吉维期沉积，其沉积构造、生物组成、微相序列反映出生物礁的特点，大量层孔虫为造礁的主要生物，其生长形式为：（１）厚板状；（２）半球状和穹窿状；（３）大型柱状和不规则状；（４）披覆状或薄板状。珊瑚有３层，或作为礁基，或参加造礁，前者为单体珊瑚，后者为复体珊瑚。刺毛虫主要为根茎状，常被层孔虫包统，也是造礁的主要生物。藻类生物很少。横向上可以分出礁核相，礁后相和礁前斜坡相。主要的微相类型有１３种，纵向上可以识别出两个造礁旋回，从礁基－珊瑚、层孔虫礁－礁后外带－礁后内带，两个造礁旋回之上为礁坪所覆。根据礁的规模、礁体与上下沉积物的关系、礁生物组成的变化和古地理位置的讨论推测为一岸礁体系。     

桂林北郊岩山中泥盆世吉维期珊瑚-层孔虫礁

桂林北郊灵川县岩山大村剖面和乌龟山剖面为中泥盆世吉维期沉积,其沉积构造、生物组成、微相序列反映出生物礁的特点,大量层孔虫为造礁的主要生物,其生长形式为：（１）厚板状;（２）半球状和穹窿状;（３）大型柱状和不规则状;（４）披覆状或薄板状。珊瑚有３层,或作为礁基,或参加造礁,前者为单体珊瑚,后者为复体珊瑚。刺毛虫主要为根茎状,常被层孔虫包统,也是造礁的主要生物。藻类生物很少。横向上可以分出礁核相,礁后相和礁前斜坡相。主要的微相类型有１３种,纵向上可以识别出两个造礁旋回,从礁基－珊瑚、层孔虫礁－礁后外带－礁后内带,两个造礁旋回之上为礁坪所覆。根据礁的规模、礁体与上下沉积物的关系、礁生物组成的变化和古地理位置的讨论推测为一岸礁体系。     

吉林省针层孔属的初步研究

本文报道了吉林省针层孔属(Phellinus)的21种,其中新种2个:丁香针层孔(P.syringeus Zeng sp.nov.);硬盖针层孔(P.scleropilcatus Zeng sp.nov.);国内新纪录种3个(并一种为新组合):黄肉针层孔[P.rhabarbarinus(Berk.)Cunningh.];厚黑针层孔[P.euerhartii(Ell.&Gall)Ames];粗糙针层孔[P.rudis(Berk.)Zeng comb.nov.]。     

中国南部水域膜孔苔虫属一新种：苔藓动物门：唇口目：膜孔苔虫科

连壁膜孔苔虫Ｍｅｍｂｒａｎｉｐｏｒａｃｏｎｊｕｎｃｔｉｖａｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．群体被覆、单层。相邻个以隆起的个虫墙缘为界,无室间沟。横壁孔室单孔型,由大、中、小三种单孔组成。侧壁孔室多孔型,由一列大孔和列小孔组成。新种个虫一般形态与大室孔苔虫Ｍｅｍｂｒａｎｉｐｏｒａｇｒａｎｄｉｃｅｌｌａ的单层群体相似,但其权成相邻个虫的界限和体壁孔室的结构及排列方式与大室膜孔苔虫有显著区别。     

陕西梁山地区宝塔组介形类

本文报道了陕西省南郑县梁山地区中奥陶统宝塔组介形类8属10种,其中包括3新属8新种。这些介形类化石的发现,为该时代地层的划分、对比增添了新的古生物依据。     

黔北晚奥陶世Hirnantian期观音桥层四射珊瑚新资料及其地质意义

报道黔北毕节、仁怀和石阡地区晚奥陶世Hirnantian期观音桥层中首次发现的四射珊瑚Axiphoria,Bodophyllum,Dalmanophyllum,Leolasma,Brachyelasmaunicum(Neuman),Grewingkiaanguinea(Scheffen),结合前人报道的该层所产的Borelasma,Kenophyllum,Streptelasma,Ullernelasma等属,进一步表明黔北观音桥层四射珊瑚动物群与斯堪的纳维亚(Scandinavia)、中亚、阿尔泰地区同期珊瑚群关系密切。该动物群对阐明晚奥陶世四射珊瑚古地理关系具有重要意义。黔北观音桥层四射珊瑚十分丰富,总计有18属39种。文中共描述10属12种,其中1新属3新种,即AmplexobrachyelasmaHeetChengen.nov.,GrewingkiadensicolumnaHeetChensp.nov.,KenophyllumfossulatumHeetChensp.nov.,LeolasmaqianbeienseHeetChensp.nov.。     

ORDOVICIAN NAUTILOID FAUNA FROM LUNSHAN, JURONG, JIANGSU

The fossil nautiloids described in this paper were collected in 1984 and 1985 from Lunshan, Jurong in Jiangsu; there the Ordovician strata are well developed and may be divided in descending order into seven formations as follows:Upper Ordovician: Wufeng Formation Tangtou FormationMiddle Ordovician Pagoda Formation Lower OrdovicianKuniutan FormationDawan FormationHunghuayuan FormationLunshan FormationThese nautiloids comprise 36 species belonging to 13 genera (including one new genus and 11 new species), namely,Middle OrdovicianPagoda FormationSinoceras chinense (Foord), Michelinoceras changjiangense Chen, densn (Y), M. paraelongatum Chang.Lower OrdovicianKuniutan FormationRhynchorthoceras jurongense sp. nov., R. lunshanense sp. nov., Dideroceras wahlenbergi (Foord), D. holmi Flower, Michlinoceras irregulare sp. nov., Kotoceras gaoluncunense sp. nov.Dawan Formation.Cochlioceras yantzeense Chang, Chisiloceras ichangense Wang, C. yaoshanense Qi, C. changyangense (Chang), Protocycloceras deprati Reed, P. hupehcnse (Shimizu and Obata), P. sichuanense Wang, P. remotum Lai, P. gangshanense sp. nov., P. siphosedimentum Pan, P. chaoi sp. nov., P.shishantouense sp. nov., P. gaojiabianense sp. nov., Changyangoceras gaojiabianense sp. nov., Gangshanoceras jurongense gen. et sp. nov., G. densum gen. et sp. nov., Michelinoceras cf. dayongense Lai, Troedssonella lunshanensis sp. nov., Mesosendoceras leei (Y), Vaginoceras peiyangense malukonense Chen, Dideroceras mui (Chang), D. gaoluncunense sp. nov.     

重庆城口大塘口下奥陶统红花园组和湄潭组下部的几丁虫

文中图示和描述了重庆城口大塘口奥陶系红花园组和湄潭组下部营盘段的几丁虫计 6属, 17种。其中包括 7个未定种和 3个新种 (Conochitinadatangkouensissp. nov., C. wengxigouensissp. nov., Rhabdochitinachenk ouensesp. nov. )。讨论了几丁虫的地理和地层分布特点及其与笔石生物带的关系,阐明了红花园组和湄潭组下部营盘段不同笔石带(A. filiformis, D. bifidus和A. suecicus笔石带)中几丁虫的组合特征,并与国外同期地层几丁虫组合进行了对比。     

ORDOVICIAN HALYSITID CORALS FROM NEW SOUTH WALES

Three halysitid coral species are described from the Ordovician of New South Wales. Quepora calamus sp.nov. and Quepora sp. are recorded from the Cargo Creek Limestone, and Halysites praecedens sp.nov. from the Bowan Park and Canomodine Limestones. The species of Halysites is the first to be described from the Ordovician. It occurs in beds correlated with the LTpper Eastonian (= Middle-Upper Caradoc or Barneveld–Eden). A review of the early history and distribution of halysitids is presented.
Sections of Ordovician and Silurian species of Halysites have shed new light on the nature of interstitial and peripheral budding in the genus.     

Upper Ordovician and Lower Silurian chitinozoans from central Nevada and Arctic Canada

Late Ordovician and Early Silurian chitinozoans from the uppermost Vinini Formation, and the Hanson Creek Formation in central Nevada and the lower Cape Phillips Formation, Cape Manning section, in Arctic Canada have been re-investigated and a new chitinozoan biozonation is proposed. The Upper Ordovician of central Nevada can easily be correlated to that of Arctic Canada through the common occurrence of the Ordochitina nevadensis biozone in both regions. No such correlation, however, is possible with the Late Ordovician of Anticosti Island in eastern Canada because of the absence of the index Upper Ordovician chitinozoan zonal species of central Nevada such as Belonechitina tenuispinata sp. nov, Ordochitina nevadensis sp. nov. and Nevadachitina vininica gen. nov., sp. nov. in the former area.One new genus, Nevadachitina, and nine new species, Eisenackitina ripae, Belonechitina martinica, Nevadachitina vininica, Nevadachitina praevininica, Ordochitina nevadensis, Belonechitina tenuispinata, Belonechitina parvispinata, Tanuchitina laurentiana, Angochitina hansonica are described and illustrated in this paper and four species are left in open nomenclature.     

新疆塔里木盆地奥陶纪冷水型胞石

文内描述了在新疆塔里木盆地覆盖区QB-1井(黑土凹线)和TZ-32井(却尔却克组)中发现的3种奥陶纪冷水型胞石.即Tanuchitina sp.cf.achabae Paris,Linochitina pissotensis Paris和Siphonochitina bella sp.nov.,时代为中到晚奥陶世。冷水型胞石在奥陶纪主要分布于冈瓦纳大陆北缘和英国等中高纬度地区,沿冈瓦纳大陆边缘向北的洋流将这些中高纬度的表层冷水型胞石带入低纬度的塔里木板块内,热带下沉作用能使它们在深水的盆地相中获得适宜的环境温度而得以生存。     

ORDOVICIAN (ARENIG–CARADOC) SYNTROPHIIDINE BRACHIOPODS FROM THE EAST BALTIC REGION

Abstract:  Syntrophiidine brachiopods are a rare and poorly known component of Ordovician Baltoscandian faunas. They appear in the East Baltic in the Billingenian (lower Arenig) as part of the earliest known benthic assemblages dominated by elements of the Palaeozoic Evolutionary Fauna. These faunal assemblages usually include bryozoans, ostracodes, and the earliest known porambonitoids, strophomenides and endopunctate orthides, such as Idiostrophia and Orthidium , which later became characteristic of the Whiterockian brachiopod assemblages in Laurentia, but by that time had disappeared from Baltica. The superfamily Syntrophioidea reappears in Baltoscandia in the mid Caradoc. In contrast, Porambonitoidea remained the integral part of the Baltoscandian brachiopod associations through the Ordovician. Porambonites , herein redefined on the basis of restudy of the type species P. intermedius , includes only smooth porambonitoids; taxa with the distinctive ornament of radiating rows of pits first appeared in the group in the mid Arenig. The taxa Eoporambonites gen. nov., Tetralobula peregrina sp. nov., Idiostrophia prima sp. nov. and Idiostrophia tenuicostata sp. nov. are erected.     

THE NEW ORDOVICIAN GENUS HILLOPHYLLUM AND THE EARLY HISTORY OF RUGOSE CORALS WITH ACANTHINE SEPTA

Two species of the new rugose coral genus Hillophyllum are described from Ordovician limestones of central-western New South Wales. The larger species, H. priscum sp. nov., is the earliest rugosan to be found in New South Wales successions, first appearing in horizons of probable Gisbornian age (about middle Lower Caradocian), and seems to be the earliest record of a solitary to fasciculate species exhibiting monacanthine septa. A smaller species, H. sp., occurs with H. priscum and the first species of Palaeophyllum in higher horizons, of probable Lower Eastonian age (approximately upper Lower Caradocian). The history of the Ordovician rugose corals exhibiting acanthine septa is reviewed. Hillophyllum shows relationships with the massive, cerioid rugose species of Foerstephyllum type, and with the solitary, non-tabulated Lambeophyllum, Coelostylis , and Primitophyllum. Together they appear to be the earliest representatives of the Suborder Cystiphyllina.     

Discovery of rhombifera (Echinoderms) in the Ordovician of Mongolia

Two new rhombiferan species Echinosphaerites mongolicus sp. nov. and Stichocystis altaicus sp. nov., described from a recently discovered Upper Ordovician locality in the Mongolian Altai, on the Chegertei River, suggest possible biogeographic links between this region and Gondwana and Baltica in the Ordovician. In the Upper Ordovician beds in the East Gobi Depression near Saishand Well, we identified the crinoid Ristnacrinus, previously recorded from the Ordovician of Estonia and Central Asia.