光合细菌在水污染治理中的研究进展

光合细菌以其无毒、繁殖快、适应能力强、易人工培养等优点而在环境治理中受到重视。国内外对光合细菌的研究主要集中在水产养殖业(如净化水质,作饵料添加剂等)和生活及工业重污染水处理中的作用,关于光合细菌在景观微污染水体治理方面的作用研究较少。课题组研究发现光合细菌中的沼泽红假单胞菌对西南大学景观水中氨氮的去除率高达95%,暗示光合细菌能有效治理景观水污染。综述了光合细菌的分类、脱氮除磷原理以及目前光合细菌在治理有机废水、重金属废水和养殖污水方面的应用,并展望了光合细菌在处理景观微污染水体方面的应用前景,以期为进一步研究光合细菌在景观水治理中的作用提供参考。     

光合细菌对鲤养殖水体生态系统的影响

光合细菌(Photosynthetic Bacteria,简称PSB)是一种不放氧光合作用的细菌总称,近年来,光合细菌在理论和应用上都受到了广泛的重视,一方面由于它是研究光合作用的理想材料,另一方面,它又有广泛的应用价值.光合细菌在处理高浓度有机废水,生产单细胞蛋白,水产养殖和禽畜饲养,改善植物营养状况等方面已有不少报道1-4,本文研究了光合细菌在鲤养殖水体中的增殖和分布规律以及它对水体中异养细菌、浮游动物及水质的影响,以阐明光合细菌在该生态系统中的作用.       

光合细菌在水产养殖等领域的应用

水产养殖作为我国渔业生产中的重要组成部分,近年来发展迅速。但水产养殖业的快速发展也暴露出诸多问题,如滥用抗生素和消毒剂增加有害菌的耐药性,影响食品安全,造成水体微生态环境失衡等。光合细菌具有抑制有害菌繁殖、清除水体有机物等特性,利用光合细菌的诸多优良特性可以较好地解决上述问题,同时将其应用于污水处理等方面也有较好的效果。另外,光合细菌细胞营养物质含量丰富,经过实践证明可直接作为生物饵料或饲料添加剂。本文对光合细菌的生物学分类、形态结构、作用机制及在水产养殖和水资源治理等多个领域的实际应用和研究进展进行综述。     

池塘底泥中细菌的初步研究

细菌在渔业水生态系统中发挥着重要作用,它既是分解者,又是许多鱼类直接或间接的饵料。所以,搞清池塘细菌状况将有助于充分认识细菌在池塘物质转化、鱼类饵料等多方面的功用,完善池塘营养结构研究的理论,并对在养殖生产中进行合理放养、科学管理、发挥细菌更大生态效能、提高产鱼潜力具有重要指导意义。     

光合细菌应用动态

光合细菌在养鱼,养虾,养鸡等方面作为饲料添加剂的应用和在作物方面作为生物肥料的应用,以及光合细菌净化水质,防病,治病方面的应用。     

光合细菌及其应用现状

光合细菌以其独特的生理功能及其在环境和人类生活许多方面的广泛应用,受到了微生物、水产、环境等学科的重视,本文对光合细菌在水产养殖及有机废水处理等方面的应用现状进行了综述。     

光合细菌应用动态

光合细菌在养鱼、养虾、养鸡等方面作为饲料添加剂的应用和在作物方面作为生物肥料的应用,以及光合细菌净化水质,防病,治病方面的 应用。     

高效光合细菌菌剂对土壤微生物的影响

为了筛选在盆栽试验条件下适宜的高效光合细菌菌剂浓度以促进番茄生长,研究了高效光合细菌菌剂的3种浓度对番茄种植土壤中微生物特性的影响。试验结果表明：高效光合细菌菌剂的施用可以显著提高土壤中细菌和放线菌的数量,降低土壤中真菌数量;不同程度提高土壤脲酶、酸性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶的活性。其中以稀释100倍的光合细菌菌剂+化肥处理效果最明显,稀释100倍的菌剂+化肥处理最有利于土壤中微生物的生长繁殖,对土壤环境的改善效果最显著。     

光合细菌对土壤主要微生物类群的影响试验分析

目的:探讨光合细菌对土壤主要微生物类群的影响。方法:采用红螺菌科拟球形红假单胞菌X3与有机肥料对特定地块的土壤样品微生物类群活性进行定量分析。结果表明,光合细菌和有机肥对所测定的微生物类群均有明显促进作用(P<0.05),有机肥作用大于光合细菌。结论:光合细菌能通过调节土壤的微生物类群活性,促进土壤物质转化和循环,提高土壤肥力,从而为植物生长创造了良好的环境。     

几株光合细菌的分离鉴定及在养殖罗非鱼中的应用

从渔场底泥样品中分离纯化得到5株紫色非硫光合细菌,根据分离菌株的细胞形态结构、光合内膜结构、活细胞光吸收特征以及生理生化特征,参照伯杰氏细菌分类学手册,5个分离株分别属于沼泽红假单胞菌（Rhodopseudomonas palusteris）和类球红细菌（Rhodobacter spheroides）。利用它们的纯培养物及混合培养物进行的水产养殖试验表明,光合细菌可以明显提高养殖鱼的成活率以及生长速度,罗非鱼经过2周的养殖后,加入光合细菌的试验组比没加入光合细菌的对照组（成活率80％）成活率显著提高,最高达100％;平均体长、体重分别提高了3％-5％、20％-30％,效果显著;而同时加入光合细菌纯培养物的试验组和加入混合培养物的试验组,差别不大。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.