浑球红假单胞菌（Rhodobacter sphaeroides）谷氨酸合酶的纯化及性质

浑球红假单胞菌菌株601经超声击碎,粗提液通过Triton处理,硫酸铵沉淀,DE—52和DEAE—sephadex A—50柱层析及 Seqhadex G—200凝胶过滤等步骤,将谷氨酸合酶(GOGAT)分离纯化,在聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳上呈现一条带。GOGAT表观分子量约为138 kD。该酶最大光吸收在278,375,450 nm和475 nm处,表明GOGAT可能是一种黄素蛋白。纯化的GOGAT对其底物 Gln,α—酮戊二酸和NADPH的表观K_m值分别为830,150和6μmol/L。反应产物Gln和NADP,几种氨基酸对GOGAT活力有不同程度的抑制作用,Gln类似物DON对GOGAT活力有强烈的抑制作用。     

海水小球藻抗菌蛋白的分离纯化及性质研究

海水小球藻(Chlorella pacifica)提取液经硫酸铵沉淀、DEAE-52离子交换层析和SephadexG-200凝胶过滤层析后分离纯化出1种抗菌蛋白.经SDS-PAGE测定,两个亚基的相对分子量分别为61 kD和70 kD;该抗菌蛋白对热稳定,氨基酸组成分析表明含17种氨基酸,其中谷氨酸的含量最高,其次为甘氨酸与天冬氨酸,胱氨酸的含量最低.在抗菌活性中,纯化的蛋白质对产黄青霉(Penicillium chrysogenum)和中华根霉(Rhizopus chinensis)有较强的抑制作用,对金黄色葡萄球菌(staphy lococcus aureus)和肠炎病病原菌(Ameromonas punctata)也有抑制作用,其抗真菌活性比抗细菌强.     

抗菌蛋白LCIIB的纯化及性质

枯草杆菌A014培养液经硫酸铵沉淀、CM—52纤维素柱层析、FPLG的Mono S和Superose12柱层析,分离纯化出一种抗菌蛋白,命名为LCIIB。电泳分析结果表明该蛋白的分子量为22500Da,等电点为9,95。LCIIB含19种不同氨基酸,缺少半胱氨酸。自动Edman降解法从N端测出24个氨基酸残基,经计算机分析,表明与2万多种已知蛋白没有有效同源性。纯化后的LCIIB对水稻白叶枯病菌有很强的抑制作用,当浓度在5／μmol／L时,能抑制50％此菌G株系的生长。     

眼镜王蛇毒柱层析分离及其组份的活性测定和L—氨基酸氧化酶的分离纯化

用ＣＭ—ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＣ—２５分离广西产眼镜王蛇毒,得到了１３个蛋白峰,测定了６种酶在这些峰的分布,其中７个峰有酸活性。并对含量高的Ｌ—氨基酸氧化酶进一步纯化,得到聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳纯一的Ｌ—氨基酸氧化酶     

胆碱脱氢酶的N端氨基酸序列测定

采用SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳及电转移方法,将增溶的鼠肝线粒体胆碱脱氢酶进一步纯化,且去掉增溶线粒体胆碱脱氢酶(CDH)中所包含的大部分磷脂、去垢剂、辅基FAD等. 对进一步纯化的CDH进行了N端氨基酸序列测定,得到CDH N端10个氨基酸残基序列为VAAAAGGGKD,这一部分序列与小鼠CO5蛋白(即补体C5的前体蛋白)、大鼠腺苷酰(基)环化酶(adenylyl cyclase)、人甾体结合蛋白(oxysterol-binding protein)有很高同源性,但与大肠杆菌CDH并无明显的同源性.     

钝顶螺旋藻藻胆蛋白的分离,纯化及其理化特性

钝顶螺旋藻(Spirulina Platensis var.nanjingensis)一变异株的水溶性色素精提物,经固体硫酸铵沉淀,羟基磷灰石(HA)和Sephadex G-100柱层析后可分离、纯化出藻蓝蛋白(C-PC)和别藻蛋白(APC)。它们的纯度可分别达到AS 620/A_(277)=4.71;A_(650)/A_(270)=5.62。纯化后的C—PC和APC在聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE)中仅见一条色带,其最大吸收峰分别在620nm和050nm。经12％的十二烷基硫酸钠—聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS—PAGE),以及高效液相色谱(HPLC)分离,C—PC和APC均可分为α和β两个亚单位。两者的亚单位分子量分别为:C—PC—α,15000;C—PC—β,14500;APC—α,15000;APC—β,13500。依此推算,该藻的C—PC和APC的最小分子量应为29.5kD和28.5kD。经等电电泳法测定,其C—PC和APC的等电点分别在4.8和4.9。氨基酸组成和含量分析结果表明,除色氨酸(Try)未测外,c—PC含有14种氨基酸,APC含有15种氨基酸,两者都缺乏组氨酸(His)和脯氨酸(Pro),C—PC还缺少蛋氨酸(Met)。     

明绿豆活性蛋白的分离纯化及抗菌性鉴定

利用25%及75%饱和度的硫酸铵沉淀、阳离子交换层析CM-52和葡聚糖凝胶Sephadex G-75对明绿豆蛋白进行了分离纯化。实验结果表明:分离纯化出的该蛋白对两种真菌:棉花枯萎病菌(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.vasinfectum)、玉米纹枯病菌(Rhizoctonia solani Kuha)的生长具有一定的抑制作用;对金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus Aureus)的细菌生长虽有一定的抑制作用,但较其抗真菌活性相对偏弱。利用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)对分离出的抗菌蛋白的分子量进行了测定,其分子量在29.7~33.8 k Da之间。     

美洲商陆中新发现的一种抗菌蛋白基因的克隆和表达

自美洲商陆(PhytolaccaamericanaL.)的种子中发现了一种具有38个氨基酸残基的蛋白(PaAFP),它有明显抑制立枯丝核菌(RhizoctoniasolaniKiihn)作用。依此蛋白的氨基酸序列合成引物,从该种子的mRNA中,通过逆转录PCR,获得了这一基因的具有65个氨基酸的前体蛋白cDNA序列(已在GenBank注册),将这一成熟蛋白的cDNA克隆在pGEX4T1上,并转化到大肠杆菌(E.coli),融合蛋白被大量表达。表达产物经谷胱甘肽Sepharose4B亲合层析,融合蛋白被纯化。纯化后的融合蛋白经凝血酶(thrombin)作用,将谷胱甘肽S转移酶降解,从而获得这一抗真菌蛋白     

枯草芽孢杆菌抗菌蛋白X98Ⅲ的纯化与性质

枯草芽孢杆菌（Bacillussubtilis）BS－98是一株能强烈抑制苹果轮纹病菌（Physalosporapiricola）等植物病原真菌的拮抗菌株。BS－98菌株培养液经硫酸铵分级盐析、SephadexG－100柱层析和DEAE－纤维素（DE32）柱层析后分离纯化出一种抗菌蛋白,命名为X98Ⅲ。蛋白电泳分析结果表明,此蛋白分子量为59000,等电点为4．50．醋酸纤维膜电泳后经特异染色证明X98Ⅲ含糖及胀。用DNS法测其含糖量为6％。此蛋白对热稳定,对蛋白酶部分敏感。氨基酸组分分析表明,该蛋白含11种不同氨基酸,尤富含谷氨酸和半胱氨酸等,而缺少天冬氨酸等。纯化后的X98Ⅲ对苹果轮纹病菌、芦笋茎枯病菌等有很强的抑制作用。X98Ⅲ的抑菌机理主要是溶解细胞壁,造成菌丝畸形、孢子不发芽或发芽异常。     

水稻生防菌株多粘类芽孢杆菌WY110抗菌蛋白的纯化及其基因克隆

通过DEAE—Sephadex A-50离子交换层析和Sephacryl S-200分子筛层析并采用抑菌活性和SDS-PAGE跟踪检测,从多粘类芽孢杆菌(Paenibacillus polymyxa)WY110菌株中分离纯化到一种对稻瘟病菌具有拮抗活性的抗菌蛋白P2(分子量约26kD)。平板抑菌试验表明,在PDA培养基上1．5μg纯化的P2蛋白即可有效地抑制稻瘟病菌菌丝生长,并对所测试的稻瘟病菌不同菌株均表现出抑菌活性。对P2蛋白的N—端测序结果表明,N—末端24个氨基酸序列为H2N—Ala—Asn—Val—Phe—Trp-Glu—Pro—Leu—Ser—Tyr—Tyr—Asn—Pro—Ser—Thr—Trp—Gln—Lys—Ala—Asp—Gly—Tyr—Ser—Asn—。以此为靶序列在网上用BlastP程序对蛋白质序列数据库进行了类似性检索,发现其与来源于芽孢杆菌的β-1,3-1,4-葡聚糖酶前体具有很高的同源性。进一步用此酶的特异底物地衣多糖进行了定性检测,验证了P2蛋白具有β-1,3-1,4-葡聚糖酶的活性。在此基础上,根据P2蛋白N-末端氨基酸序列及此酶C-端保守性序列设计合成了两端引物,以WY110基因组DNA为模板,通过PCR高保真扩增获得了P2蛋白编码基因的全序列,并克隆到pMD18-T载体上。核苷酸序列分析表明,其5′端72个核苷酸序列与蛋白N-端已知的24个氨基酸序列完全吻合,序列全长为636bp(GenBank登录号：AF284449),编码212个氨基酸;与已报道的一例来源于Paenibacillus polymyxa的β—1,3-1,4-葡聚糖酶基因(gluB)相比,核苷酸和氨基酸序列同源性分别为84％和88．7％。β-1,3-1,4-葡聚糖酶具有抗稻瘟病菌活性尚未见报道。P2蛋白编码基因的克隆为水稻抗病基因工程提供了有潜在应用价值的新的目的基因。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Physiological characteristics of various species of strains of carboxydobacteria

Seven strains of aerobic carbon monoxide-oxidizing bacteria (carboxydebacteria) when growing on CO as sole source of carbon and energy had doubling times which ranged from 12–42 h. The activity profiles obtained after discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation indicated that the CO-oxidizing enzymes are soluble and the hydrogenases are membrane-bound in all strains examined. The CO-oxidizing enzymes of Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena, Pseudomonas carboxydoflava, Comamonas compransoris, and the so far unidentified strains OM2, OM3, and OM4 had a molecular weight of 230,000; that of Achromobacter carboxydus amounted to 170,000. The molecular weights of the CO-oxidizing and H₂-oxidizing enzymes turned out to be identical. The cell sonicates were shown to catalyze the oxidation of both CO and H₂ with methylene blue, thionine, phenazine methosulfate, toluylene blue, dichlorophenolindophenol, cytochrome c or ferricyanide as electron acceptors. Methyl viologen, benzyl viologen, FAD⁺, FMN⁺, and NAD(P)⁺ were not reduced. The spectrum of electron acceptors was identical for all strains tested. Neither free formate, hydrogen nor oxygen gas were involved in the CO-oxidation reaction. Methylene blue was reduced by CO at a 1:1 molar ratio. The results indicate that CO-oxidation by carboxydobacteria is catalyzed by identical or similar enzymes and that the reaction obeys the equation CO+H₂OCO₂+2H⁺+2e^- as previously shown for Pseudomonas carboxydovorans.Dedicated to Otto Kandler remembering almost three decades of enjoyable cooperation     

Modulation of allostery of pyruvate kinase by shifting of an ensemble of microstates

Since the introduction of the concepts of allostery about four decades ago, much advancement has been made in elucidating the structure-function correlation in allostery. However, there are still a number of issues that remain unresolved. In this review we used mammalian pyruvate kinase (PK) as a model system to understand the role of protein dynamics in modulating cooperativity. PK has a triosephosphate isomerase (TIM)(α/β)₈ barrel structural motif. PK is an ideal system to address basic questions regarding regulatory mechanisms about this common (α/β)₈ structural motif. The simplest model accounting for all of the solution thermodynamic and kinetic data on ligand-enzyme interactions involves two conformational states, inactive E^T and active E^R. These conformational states are represented by domain movements. Further studies provide the first evidence for a differential effect of ligand binding on the dynamics of the structural elements, not major secondary structural changes. These data are consistent with our model that allosteric regulation of PK is the consequence of perturbation of the distribution of an ensemble of states in which the inactive E^T and active E^R represent the two extreme end states. Sequence differences and ligands can modulate the distribution of states leading to alterations of functions. The future work includes: defining the network of functionally connected residues; elucidating the chemical principles governing the sequence differences which affect functions; and probing the nature of mutations on the stability of the secondary structural elements, which in turn modulate allostery.