血液流变学对椎──基底动脉缺血性眩晕的影响

本文采用天津和德国西门子合资产ＴＭ—８８０３型旋转式血液流变仪测定了６４例椎──基底动脉缺血性眩晕血液流变学五项指标。结果表明：椎—基底动脉缺血性眩晕的患者全血粘度、血浆粘度、红细胞沉降率、红细胞压积、红细胞聚集指数均明显增高（与健康对照组比较Ｐ＜０．００１,其中血浆粘度、红细胞聚集指数Ｐ＜０．０１）,提示血液流变学改变与缺血性眩晕关系密切,作为治疗缺血性眩晕提供了依据。     

榄香烯对急性血瘀模型大鼠血液流变性的影响

本文观察了榄香烯对急性血瘀模型大鼠血液流变性的影响。实验结果表明：榄香烯６．２５－２５ｍｇ／ｋｇ／ｄ,ｉｐ×７ｄ,可使血瘀模型鼠的高低切变率全血粘度和还原粘度、血浆粘度、血沉、红细胞聚集指数、纤维蛋白原及红细胞电泳时间等显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０５、Ｐ＜０．０１）。提示榄香烯有活血化瘀作用     

80例TIA病人的血液流变学分析

目的探讨ＴＩＡ病人的血液流变学改变。方法８０例ＴＩＡ病人均在末次发作后２４ｈ内静脉抽血进行血液流变学测定,并与对照组进行比较。结果ＴＩＡ组病人的红细胞压积、全血高切粘度、全血低切粘度、全血还原高切粘度、全血还原低切粘度、血浆粘度及红细胞聚集性各指标均明显增高,与正常对照组比较有显著性差异。结论血液粘度的增高是引起短暂性脑缺血发作的发病机制之一。     

临产孕妇血液流变性研究

研究临产孕妇血液流变性的11项指标的改变,并与健康育龄妇女进行对照.结果表明临产孕妇体外血栓形成的长度、血栓湿重、血栓干重、血浆比粘度、红细胞电泳时间及血沉方程K 值等均明显高于对照组(P<0.01).全血比粘度与红细胞压积低于对照组(P<0.05),全血还原粘度、红细胞内粘度和 TK 值在两组间无显著差异.认为在妊娠后期孕妇血液呈高凝状态.其主要原因是红细胞聚集性增高及血浆粘度增高,与红细胞变形能力及红细胞压积关系不明显.文中还探讨了各因素的相互影响。     

十八例癌肿病人血液流变学结果分析

十八例癌肿病人血液流变学检测结果说明癌肿病人血沉、血沉方程Ｋ值,血浆粘度,全血还原粘度,纤维蛋白原,血栓湿重显著地高于正常人（Ｐ〈０．０１）。癌肿病人的血液流变学处于高粘,高凝,高聚状态,为防治癌肿提供理论依据。     

锰对作业工人血液流变学的影响及清栓酶的疗效观察

本文对１０３例锰作业工人测定了血液流变学中的七项指标,结果表明：全血粘度（高切、低切）、血浆粘度、红细胞压积、纤维蛋白原、红细胞电泳、血小板粘附、血沉等项指标,均明显高于正常对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）,证实锰作业工人普遍存在高粘滞血症,为临床治疗锰中毒开辟新的途径提供了依据。对其中的５２例锰中毒（包括症状较重的观察对象）,用清栓酶治疗后,复查其七项指标与治疗前比较,均有明显下降（Ｐ＜０．０１）,其症状与体征得以改善,进一步说明清栓酶是治疗锰中毒的理想药物之一。     

葛根素对肺心病大鼠血液流变学和肺动脉压的影响

目的:观察葛根素对肺心病大鼠血液流变学和肺动脉压的影响。方法:40只SD大鼠随机分为4组(n=10):对照组,模型组,葛根素低剂量(300 mg/kg ip)和高剂量组(600 mg/kg ip),参考薛氏常压低氧方法建立肺心病大鼠模型,常压低氧4周后测定大鼠血浆粘度,全血粘度,红细胞容积,纤维蛋白原和红细胞聚集指数等血液流变学指标和平均肺动脉压。结果:葛根素能显著降低肺心病大鼠血浆粘度,全血粘度,红细胞容积,纤维蛋白原(P<0.05),对红细胞聚集指数无显著性作用(P>0.05),显著降低模型组降低肺动脉压(P<0.05)。结论:葛根素对肺心病大鼠有治疗效果,为临床治疗肺心病提供实验依据。     

高原红细胞增多症患者红细胞二磷酸甘油酸和氧亲和力变…

在海拔４３００地区,对１８名移居汉族、２４名世居藏族和２１名高原红细胞增多症（ＨＡＰＣ）患者测定了２,３－二磷酸甘油酸（２,３－ＤＰＧ）和肺通气功能,并进行了血气分析。结果显示：ＨＡＰＣ患者的全血和红细胞内２,３－ＤＰＧ深度均显著高于健康组,但世居、移居健康组之间无明显差异。ＨＡＰＣ组的红细胞２,３－ＤＰＧ和Ｐａｏ２呈显著负相关（ｒ＝－０．７７１,Ｐ＜０．０１）,而在健康组无显著相关（ｒ＝－０＼２     

高原红细胞增多症患者红细胞二磷酸甘油酸和氧亲和力变化的探讨

在海拔４３００ｍ地区,对１８名移居汉族、２４名世居藏族和２１名高原红细胞增多症（ＨＡＰＣ）患者测定了２,３—二磷酸甘油酸（２,３—ＤＰＧ）和肺通气功能,并进行了血气分析。结果显示：ＨＡＰＣ患者的全血和红细胞内２,３—ＤＰ６浓度均显著高于健康组,但世居、移居健康组之间无明显差异。ＨＡＰＣ组的红细胞２,３—ＤＰＧ和Ｐｄｏ＿２呈显著负相关（ｒ＝—０．７７１,Ｐ＜０．０１）,而在健康组无显著相关（ｒ＝—０．２６,Ｐ＞０．０５）。ＨＡＰＣ组与健康组相比,ｐＨ、Ｐａｏ＿２和Ｓａｏ＿２降低,Ｐａｃｏ＿２和肺泡动脉氧分压差增高。ＨＡＰＣ病人Ｐ＿（５０）为３．７５±０．６６ｋＰａ,健康组为３．４０±０．１２ｋＰａ（Ｐ＜０．０５）,Ｐ＿（５０）与２,３－ＤＰＧ呈正相关（ｒ＝０．５９２,Ｐ＜０．０５）。ＨＡＰＣ组最大呼气中段流量和５０％肺活量最大呼气量明显低于健康组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。本研究提示：①ＨＡＰＣ患者的低氧血症可能与血中２,３－ＤＰＧ浓度过高有关;②轻度肺功能异常亦可促使红细胞进一步增多。     

高胆固醇血症血液流变性的研究

对实验性高胆固醇血症家兔血液流变性、红细胞流变性、红细胞膜脂分析以及与血清胆固醇浓度之间关系的研究指出随血清胆固醇浓度升高,全血表观粘度和血浆粘度升高,红细胞(?)积和(?)降低.进一步分析表明,随血清胆固醇浓度升高,红细胞膜中胆固醇Ch含量增加,引起膜胆固醇和磷脂(P1)的克分子比(Ch,P1)升高,膜的荧光偏振度(P)增大,表示红细胞流动性降低,而对照组各项指标在实验过程中保持稳定.     

Studies on Ligula intestinalis Some aspects of the pathology in the second intermediate host

A 3 year survey of a lake, in which 120 roach, Rutilus rutilus , were examined revealed the presence of the plerocercoids of Ligula intestinalis in more than 90 % of the fish. The average number of parasites per fish was 4.2 although fish exceeding 32 g were not ligulosed. Gudgeon, Gobio gobio , of all sizes were affected. Implants of the plerocercoids into small roach, gudgeon and goldfish, Carassius auratus , were successful but not in the case of Perca fluviatilis, Esox lucius and Leuciscus cephalus. The pathological effects of the plerocercoids on roach and gudgeon are described.     

Metabolic effects of partial pancreatectomy in the Northern pike, Esox Indus L.

Metabolic effects of partial pancreatectomy (70%) after 1 month were studied in the Northern pike, Esox lucius L. Plasma protein and haematocrit levels were significantly reduced in the pancreatectomised fish when compared with sham-operated controls. By contrast, however, blood glucose, plasma amino acid nitrogen and cholesterol levels remained unaltered.
The tolerance to intra-arterial glucose and amino acid loading was compared in pancreatectomised and control fish. Pancreatectomy resulted in a significantly impaired clearance of amino acids from the plasma whereas glucose tolerance was similar in both groups. Neither glucose nor ketones could be detected in the urine of pancreatectomised pike after 1 month. These data indicate that partial pancreatectomy does not cause the development of a diabetic state in this species over a 1 month period.     

Effects of photoperiod, feeding regime and water temperature on the formation of daily growth increments in otoliths of larval pike (Esox lucius L.)

Otolith growth increments of larval pike, Esox lucius L., were examined using known-age fish reared in the laboratory. Under different photoperiod, feeding, and temperature regimes, increments in the lapilli of all laboratory-reared fish were formed daily, starting on day 2–3 after hatching.

Zusammenfassung

Der Einfluß van Photoperiode, Futterrhythmus und Wassertemperatur auf die Anlage von Otolithen-Tagesringen bei jungen Hechten (Esox lucius L .)
Die Anlage von Tagesringen auf den Otolithen von Hechtlarven ( Esox lucius L. ) wurde unter verschie-denen Licht-, Futter- und Temperaturbedinungen im Labor untersucht. Bei allen Tieren setzte die Bildung von Tagesringen auf den Lapilli zwei lis dreiTage nach dem Schlüpfen ein.     

Cytochemical characteristics of the labrocyte-like cells in the capsule of the plerocercoids of Triaenophorus nodulosus (Pallas, 1781) and Diphyllobothrium dendriticum (Nitzsch, 1824) cestodes]

Out of six fish species examined (Esox lucius, Paracottus kessleri, Perca fluviatilis, Leuciscus leuciscus baicalensis, Coregonus autumnalis migratorius, Thymallus arcticus baicalensis) labrocyte-like cells were detected in Esox lucius, Leuciscus leuciscus baicalensis, Coregonus autumnalis migratotius. The cells contain large metachromatic granules. Histochemical methods revealed in them sulfated and carboxylic acid mucopolysacharides. The amount of labrocyte-like cells in the capsules around plerocercoids of Triaenophrus nodulosis from Esox lucits liver depends on the age of the capsule and that of the plerocercoid. It increases when the connective tissue papsule is forming and decreases again under aging and degeneration of the capsule containing plerocercoid. The amount of labrocyte-like cells in the cestodes capsules of Raillietina increases sharply when they locate in an accidental organ (liver). This demonstrates the acuteness of organ reactivity to a nonspecific helminth.     

The effects of starvation and force-feeding on the metabolism of the Northern pike, Esox lucius L.

The effects of starvation and force-feeding on certain tissue and blood constituents were studied in the Northern pike, Esox lucius L. Starvation resulted in a reduction of liver and muscle glycogen and liver lipid. Blood glucose concentration and haematocrit were reduced, total plasma cholesterol levels were increased, while the levels of plasma free fatty acids (FFA), amio acid nitrogen and protein remained unaltered. No significant changes were observed in either muscle protein, muscle water or the response to amino acid loading during the starvation period.
The force-feeding of pike starved for 3 months resulted in liver lipid and muscle glycogen being increased to levels higher than those observed in freshly-captured fish. Liver glycogen, however, increased to values only slightly higher than those of starved animals. Furthermore, while force-feeding had little effect on plasma FFA or protein concentrations, blood glucose, plasma cholesterol and haematocrit returned to the levels found in freshlycaptured fish and those of amino acid nitrogen were higher.
The results indicate that pike are well adapted for periods of prolonged starvation and that hepatic and extra-hepatic lipid and glycogen stores serve for metabolic needs during food shortage, while body protein is conserved. The endocrine basis for these changes in the tissue and blood constituents is discussed.     

A comparison of the growth of radio-tagged and dye-marked pike

Radio-tagged and dye-marked adult pike Esox lucius L. were recaptured in a reservoir 1 year after tagging. There was no significant difference in length or weight growth rate between the two groups of fish and no change in their condition factor.     

Visibility conditions and diel period affect small-scale spatio-temporal behaviour of pike Esox lucius in the absence of prey and conspecifics

Pike Esox lucius in the absence of prey and conspecifics were shown to have the highest habitat-change activity during dusk and to decrease preference for complex habitats in turbid water. As the behaviours indicate routine responses in the absence of behavioural interactions, E. lucius spatio-temporal distributions should be directly affected and thereby more easily assessed and avoided by prey, with potential consequences for encounter rates.     

Short-term cell culture technique for obtaining chromosomes in marine and freshwater fish

In this paper we describe a simple and reliable short-term fish cell culture technique, for obtaining chromosome spreads with minimum stress involving the specimens sampled. Fibroblasts were derived from primary cultures from the caudal fin of some economically important freshwater species: northern pike, Esox lucius L. , goldfish, Carassius auratus L., and marine species: gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata L. and cardinal fish, Apogon imberbis L.     

Proteolytic activity and electrophoretic profiles of proteases from seminal plasma of teleosts

Using gelatin-SDS-PAGE, proteolytic activity was found in the seminal plasma of 10 teleosts: common carp Cyprinus carpio , bream Abramis brama , ide Leuciscus idus , chub Leuciscus cephalus , rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss , grayling Thymallus thymallus , perch Perca fluviatilis , pike Esox lucius , goldfish Carassius carassius and pikeperch Stizostendion lucioperca . This activity was also measured, using azoalbumin as a substrate, in the seminal plasma of these species, with exception of pikeperch and goldfish. When azoalbumin-hydrolysing activity was expressed per volume, it was highest in common carp. Otherwise, as expressed per g of protein, the activity was highest in pike. The lowest proteolytic activity (expressed per g and volume) was observed in perch seminal plasma. Using gelatin containing polyacrylamide gels for detecting gelatinolytic activity, species-specific electrophoretic profiles were found. For all cyprinids two similar bands with a molecular mass of 68 and 74 kDa were found. The seminal plasma of grayling and rainbow trout showed similarities in the 41 kDa band. Perch and pikeperch had one similar main band with a molecular mass of 61 kDa. Proteolytic enzymes of seminal plasma from pike showed high individual variability. These results suggest that multiple forms of proteolytic enzymes exist in seminal plasma of teleosts and they differ among fish families and species.     

Site fidelity and seasonal changes in activity centre size of female pike Esox lucius in a small lake

The object of this study was to test site fidelity of female pike Esox lucius and to contrast the activity centre size in summer and winter in a 25 ha lake in north-eastern Germany using radio telemetry. Weekly 24 h tracking and two 96 h tracking exercises were conducted by boat from June to December 2005 and by walking on surface ice from January to February 2006. Positions of 12 E. lucius [total length ( L _T) = 450–733 mm] were recorded every 3 h within a 24 h tracking cycle. Site fidelity to individual summer activity centres was tested by translocating eight E. lucius away from their activity centre. All translocated E. lucius returned to their summer activity centre within 6 days, which provided evidence of site fidelity of E. lucius . There was no relation between E. lucius L _T or the translocation distance and return time to the activity centre after translocation. In winter, the activity centre size of E. lucius was significantly larger than in summer, but there was considerable overlap between the sites chosen in winter and those in summer. The seasonal variation in activity centre size possibly reflected changes in habitat structure ( e.g . collapse of structured vegetated habitats in winter) or prey fish distribution.