城市污泥堆肥对栽培基质保水能力和有效关效养分的影响

盆栽试验表明,城市污泥堆肥不仅可以明显提高栽培基质的有效氮、磷含量,而且可以增强栽培基质的保水性能和植物的抗旱能力,但是栽培基质的萎焉点也随着其用量的增加而增高,因此,从保证植物水分供应的角度考虑,虽然可以大量地使用城市污泥堆肥,但是其用量并不是越多越好;当用量超过75％时,继续增加城市污泥堆肥的比例,则植物的吸水能力反而会略有下降,从养分供应和保水性能等角度综合考虑,采用经过堆肥处理的城市污泥作为植物栽培基质,是城市污泥资源化和无害化的可行途径。     

污泥堆肥混合基质对香彩雀生长开花的影响及植物适应性评价

采用盆栽试验,研究了以城市污泥堆肥为主要原料的基质对观花植物香彩雀(Angelonia salicariifolia Humb.)生长和开花特性的影响,并采用熵权系数与TOPSIS集成评价法综合评价了不同基质对香彩雀的生长适应性。结果表明,经过60 d高温好氧堆制的污泥堆肥,以不同体积比与泥炭、河沙混配成的栽培基质容重和EC值比研究区的林地赤红壤低,pH值和养分含量更高。污泥堆肥混合基质栽培的香彩雀营养生长和生殖生长均优于土壤栽培,其中株高比后者增加29%~61%,分枝数增加27%~67%,鲜重增加17%~88%,干重增加4%~50%,开花时间提前2~16 d,花朵数增加49%~220%,花期延长8~22 d,花朵畸形率降低1%~5%,对氮、磷、钾的吸收能力显著提高。试验中各种污泥堆肥混合基质均适合香彩雀生长,熵权系数与TOPSIS集成评价结果显示,在所研究的污泥堆肥基质中,污泥堆肥:泥炭:河沙体积比为5∶3∶2的基质植物适应性最强,纯污泥堆肥植物适应性相对较差,但优于土壤。将污泥堆肥作为基质主要成分用于花卉生产,既可提高花卉质量,降低成本,又能消耗大量污泥,是城市污泥资源化处置和利用的重要方向。     

城市污泥堆肥用作草皮基质对草坪草生长的影响

研究了城市污泥堆肥生产草坪基质的应用效果。试验结果表明,城市污泥堆肥基质能明显提高黑麦草的地上和地下生物量和叶绿素含量,与不施化肥和施用化学的对照相比,城市污泥堆肥可以增加土壤有效态氮、磷含量,促进植物叶片对氮的吸收,提高草坪的质量。用经过无害化处理的城市污泥生产草坪基质,既可以解决城市污泥的出路,又可以降低草坪的生产成本,是一条经济可行的途径。     

污泥堆肥对黄梁木幼苗生长和元素吸收的影响

污泥含有丰富的有机质和植物所需的营养元素,将污泥堆肥后用作苗木栽培基质逐渐成为新型的污泥生态化处置途径.通过7个月的盆栽试验,研究污泥堆肥不同添加量,即0%(CK)、25%(T₁)、50%(T₂)、75%(T₃)、100%(T₄)对黄粱木幼苗生长及营养元素和重金属吸收的影响,以及栽培后基质中元素变化特征.结果表明: 污泥堆肥添加量对黄梁木生长有显著影响,纯污泥(T₄)中黄梁木苗木不能正常生长,移栽两周后植株全部死亡,而T₁、T₂和T₃处理则显著增加了黄梁木株高、地径和总生物量,其中,T₂处理效果最佳,3个生长指标均显著高于其他处理;T₂、T₃处理显著促进黄梁木对N、P、K以及重金属(Cu、 Zn、Pb、Cd)的吸收,而T₁处理仅对N和Pb吸收有显著促进作用;同一处理条件下,黄梁木对污泥堆肥重金属吸收能力表现为Zn>Cu>Pb>Cd.盆栽试验结束时,污泥混合基质中有机质,以及N、P、K含量较高,但仍残留一定量重金属,不过均低于农用污泥污染物控制标准,具有再次利用的价值.     

生活垃圾堆肥基质草坪建植体系接种草坪土壤线虫多样性特征

通过城市生活垃圾堆肥基质草坪建植体系接种草坪土壤线虫,研究了线虫数量、科属分类、营养类群等线虫多样性变化.结果表明,接种草坪土壤线虫 4 个月后,垃圾堆肥基质中共鉴定出线虫4科7属,包括植物寄生性线虫、食真菌线虫和食细菌线虫3个营养类群;垃圾堆肥基质草坪建植体系中线虫总数明显少于土壤基质.在接种草坪线虫的土壤基质草坪建植体系中,植物寄生线虫为优势营养类群,盘旋线虫属仍为优势属,相对多度达到83.3%,显著高于本底土壤45.1%.在接种草坪土壤线虫的垃圾堆肥基质草坪建植体系中,土壤本底中处于优势属的植物寄生类线虫如盘旋线虫属和螺旋线虫属基本消失了,表明垃圾堆肥基质对植物寄生类群的生长与繁殖表现出明显的抑制作用,优势属也发生了很大变化,食细菌类群的头叶属和丽突属成为优势属,相对多度分别为67.0%和14.0%.因此,从草坪土壤线虫危害角度来说,以垃圾堆肥作为草坪基质将会为草坪植物生长创造良好的基质环境.     

草坪修复污泥中重金属的研究与应用

植物修复凭借低成本和环境友好的优点,在土壤修复中担任着至关重要的角色。将营养成分高且产量巨大的市政污泥用于园林栽培基质,不仅可以降低其处置成本,还可通过植物修复降低其重金属风险。本文对污泥中重金属的含量地域分布与形态特征、草坪草的生长特性及其对重金属的富集特征进行了论述,探讨了草坪富集重金属的影响因素,为污泥资源化以及后期草坪草修复土壤重金属提供技术支撑,对深入研究污泥中重金属修复及污泥的资源化利用具有指导意义。     

利用混合厌氧堆肥进行污水处理的研究

目的：采用堆肥技术处理城市污泥以实现城市污泥的农用资源化进行了研究。方法：重点分析了污泥与粉煤灰混合厌氧堆肥过程中重金属铜稳定化的效果,分别按照污泥与粉煤灰质量比为1∶1;3∶1和4∶1进行混合,在常温下进行厌氧堆肥17d。结果：实验表明污泥与粉煤灰3∶1混合堆肥过程中铜的稳定化效果最佳。结论：堆肥过程有利于污泥的资源化利用。     

污泥与园林废弃物混合堆肥对波斯菊生长及重金属积累的影响

随着城镇人口增加和城市化的快速发展,每天产生大量的污泥和园林废弃物,而厌氧消化的污泥与园林废弃物的混合堆肥产品应用于林地土壤改良,是城市废弃物循环利用的一种经济有效的方式。本研究在北京平原造林区开展试验,探讨混合堆肥对波斯菊的生长及对重金属元素吸收的影响。结果表明:施用堆肥对土壤全氮和有机质含量无显著影响; Cu、Zn、Cd三种重金属元素在土壤中主要以残渣态的形态存在;施用堆肥提高了土壤Cu、Zn含量,但Zn总量未超过土壤环境质量标准(GB 15618—2018)中的土壤污染风险筛选值300 mg·kg-1,Cu在施肥量较高时超过土壤污染风险筛选值100 mg·kg-1;土壤背景值中Cd含量已经高于土壤污染风险管制值4.0 mg·kg-1,施用堆肥对Cd含量的影响无明显规律;波斯菊株高、生物量和花数均随着堆肥施用量的增加而增加;波斯菊对重金属元素的富集性表现为CuCdZn。本研究表明,北京平原造林区的人工林生态系统可以忍受一定浓度的污泥和园林废弃物混合堆肥,并利用其中的营养物质,提高土壤肥力,促进植物生长。     

复合微生物菌剂在剩余污泥堆肥中的作用研究

随着我国社会经济的快速发展,社会经济活动中产生的污水和污泥处理问题也越来越严重,广泛存在于污水处理机构中的污泥成为一个日渐严重的问题,复合微生物菌剂在污水处理活动中剩余污泥的处理活动中,因为其对污泥无害化处理的积极作用而备受欢迎,本文将从复合微生物菌剂的角度出发,结合剩余污泥堆肥处理中的实际,对复合微生物菌剂在剩余污泥堆肥处理中的作用进行简要的分析。     

不同有机废弃物改良新复垦耕地的综合效果评价

由废弃地整理复垦形成的耕地存在土壤有机质和有效养分低、土壤板结、微生物活性弱和土壤耕作性状不良等问题,快速、有效地提高土壤肥力质量是全面提升该类耕地质量和生产性能的重要组成部分.本文通过田间小区试验研究了城郊有机废弃物对新复垦耕地土壤培肥的综合效果,并比较了不同类型城郊有机废弃物在培育耕地质量方面的差异.试验设置了施用等量猪粪、鸡粪、水稻秸秆、蔬菜收获残留物、城市污泥、沼渣、猪粪/水稻秸秆堆肥、生活垃圾堆肥和对照（不施有机肥）9个处理（年用量30 t·hm^-2）,连续进行3年的定点试验.结果表明： 施用任何有机物对改善土壤肥力均有明显的作用.其中,提升土壤碳库管理指数以施用猪粪、鸡粪、猪粪/水稻秸秆堆肥、水稻秸秆和沼渣的效果最为显著;增加土壤水稳定性团聚体和降低土壤容重以施用猪粪/水稻秸秆堆肥和沼渣的效果最佳;施用污泥、猪粪/水稻秸秆堆肥和生活垃圾堆肥可增强土壤保蓄能力;施用猪粪、鸡粪和猪粪/水稻秸秆堆肥对增加土壤有效态养分的效果最为明显;各类有机物均显著提高了土壤微生物数量和酶活性.长期施用污泥、生活垃圾堆肥及畜禽粪存在着土壤重金属污染的风险,但短期施用对土壤环境质量影响不明显.总体上,对土壤肥力的改善效果由大至小依次为：猪粪/水稻秸秆堆肥>鸡粪>猪粪>沼渣>生活垃圾堆肥>水稻秸秆>城市污泥>蔬菜收获残留物;对土壤的相对污染程度由大至小为：城市污泥>生活垃圾堆肥>猪粪>鸡粪>沼渣>猪粪/水稻秸秆堆肥>蔬菜收获残留物>水稻秸秆.     

城市污泥土地利用研究

通过培养试验、盆栽试验和田间试验系统地研究了污泥的组分特征、性质及其农地和城市园林绿化地利用对作物或绿化灌木、土壤肥力及其环境的影响,结果表明,污泥富含有机质和氮磷养分,且养分当季有效性介于化肥农家肥之间。施用污泥将明显提高土壤肥力,表现改善土壤物理性质;增加土壤肥机质和氮磷水平,并增加土壤生物活性,因此施用污泥的处理作物产量较高,并有利于后茬作物的稳健生长。但污泥施用也存在重金属、病原物等污染     

Effects of different sewage sludge applications on heavy metal accumulation,growth and yield of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.)

In this study, we present the response of spinach to different amendment rates of sewage sludge (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 g kg^?1) in a greenhouse pot experiment, where plant growth, biomass and heavy metal uptake were measured. The results showed that sewage sludge application increased soil electric conductivity (EC), organic matter, chromium and zinc concentrations and decreased soil pH. All heavy metal concentrations of the sewage sludge were below the permissible limits for land application of sewage sludge recommended by the Council of the European Communities. Biomass and all growth parameters (except the shoot/root ratio) of spinach showed a positive response to sewage sludge applications up to 40 g kg^?1 compared to the control soil. Increasing the sewage sludge amendment rate caused an increase in all heavy metal concentrations (except lead) in spinach root and shoot. However, all heavy metal concentrations (except chromium and iron) were in the normal range and did not reach the phytotoxic levels. The spinach was characterized by a bioaccumulation factor <1.0 for all heavy metals. The translocation factor (TF) varied among the heavy metals as well as among the sewage sludge amendment rates. Spinach translocation mechanisms clearly restricted heavy metal transport to the edible parts (shoot) because the TFs for all heavy metals (except zinc) were <1.0. In conclusion, sewage sludge used in the present study can be considered for use as a fertilizer in spinach production systems in Saudi Arabia, and the results can serve as a management method for sewage sludge.     

Storage effects of sewage sludge cake on the survival of Listeria monocytogenes

Sewage sludge cake is widely used as an agricultural fertilizer in Iraq. Listeria monocytogenes was shown to be present in small numbers in this material despite sewage treatments. In an attempt to reduce the numbers of this pathogen in this sewage end product, the survival of L. monocytogenes was monitored in a heap of sewage sludge cake stored for over 23 weeks on farm land. The organisms were reduced in numbers and eliminated to undetectable limits during 8 weeks of storage under subtropical weathering and did not recover even 2 months after disappearance. Dewatering processes seem to have some affect on the survival of the bacteria. Therefore, solar dewatering by heaping the sewage sludge cake and exposing it to sun for no less than 8 weeks is recommended to obtain a listeria-free product.     

Storage effects of sewage sludge cake on the survival of Listeria monocytogenes

Sewage sludge cake is widely used as an agricultural fertilizer in Iraq. Listeria monocytogenes was shown to be present in small numbers in this material despite sewage treatments. In an attempt to reduce the numbers of this pathogen in this sewage end product, the survival of L. monocytogenes was monitored in a heap of sewage sludge cake stored for over 23 weeks on farm land. The organisms were reduced in numbers and eliminated to undetectable limits during 8 weeks of storage under subtropical weathering and did not recover even 2 months after disappearence. Dewatering processes seem to have some affect on the survival of the bacteria. Therefore, solar dewatering by heaping the sewage sludge cake and exposing it to sun for no less than 8 weeks is recommended to obtain a listeria-free product.     

生物沥滤污泥土地利用适用性分析

研究了污泥生物沥滤对重金属(Cu、Pb和Zn)形态、营养物质和SO42-存在形式的影响,分析生物沥滤污泥土地利用的适用性。结果表明:生物沥滤后,污泥上清液中重金属通过固液分离而去除,污泥中Cu、Pb和Zn的去除率分别为84.1%、34.8%和80.0%,残存于污泥中的重金属含量大幅降低,且生物有效性低,提高了污泥土地利用的安全性。污泥经生物沥滤后氮、磷和钾的流失分别为38.2%、52.1%和42.8%,但仍能保持较好的肥效。采用X-射线衍射光谱分析发现,残留于污泥中的SO24-主要与Ca2 相结合,较为稳定,生物沥滤后的污泥施用于土地后对环境影响较小。     

施用污泥对小白菜生长及其迁转重金属的影响

采用盆栽方式,以厦门市筼筜污水处理厂的污泥作为有机肥种植小白菜,探讨污泥施用对小白菜生长和产量的影响及重金属在小白菜-土壤间的迁移转化和积累情况.结果表明:污泥中氮、磷、钾和有机质含量丰富,重金属含量均低于国家农用污泥中污染物控制标准;适宜的污泥施用量可促进小白菜的生长,污泥用量为5%时,小白菜长势最好,生物量最大;污...     

Investigation of Salmonella infection in goats fed corn silage grown on land fertilized with sewage sludge.

A total of 36 goats were fed for 17 months with corn silage grown on land fertilized with human sewage sludge. These animals were investigated for salmonella infections. Salmonellae were not detected in cultures of fecal or silage samples. No significant agglutination titers were detected in goat sera examined. Salmonella newport C2 was isolated from the sludge used as fertilizer on the cornfields. The public health aspects of the findings are discussed as they relate to the increasing use of sewage sludge for agricultural fertilizers, as well as to the resultant effects on human food and livestock feed.     

中国城市污泥土地利用关注的典型有机污染物

污泥土地利用是国内外城市污泥主要的处置方式之一,而污泥中的有机污染物是污泥土地利用的限制性因素之一.本文分析了国内外城市污泥中有机污染物的浓度和研究现状,针对我国国情,认为多环芳烃(PAHs)是城市污泥中一种常见的有机污染物,总含量一般在1 ～ 10 mg·kg-1,有的因污水来源复杂而超过了100 mg·kg-1;壬基苯酚(NP/NPE)在我国污水处理厂污泥样品中均有检出,浓度在1～128 mg·kg-1.污泥园林绿化、林地利用、土壤改良等将是今后主要的利用方向,要实现污泥安全、环保的土地利用,多环芳烃(PAHs)和壬基苯酚(NP/NPE)将是主要考虑的典型有机污染物.     

Investigation of Salmonella infection in goats fed corn silage grown on land fertilized with sewage sludge

A total of 36 goats were fed for 17 months with corn silage grown on land fertilized with human sewage sludge. These animals were investigated for salmonella infections. Salmonellae were not detected in cultures of fecal or silage samples. No significant agglutination titers were detected in goat sera examined. Salmonella newport C2 was isolated from the sludge used as fertilizer on the cornfields. The public health aspects of the findings are discussed as they relate to the increasing use of sewage sludge for agricultural fertilizers, as well as to the resultant effects on human food and livestock feed.     

Evaluation of sewage sludge, septic waste and sludge compost applications to corn and forage: yields and N, P and K content of crops and soils

This paper presents the data from two years of experiments concerned with the application of aerobically-digested sewage sludge, anaerobic lagoon septic sludge, sewage sludge compost or fertilizer to soils for grass forage and feed corn (Zea mays L.) production at two different sites 45 km from Truro, Nova Scotia. Crop yields, plant tissue and Mehlich-1 extractable soil nutrients were evaluated; 15 elements were analyzed in the plant tissue and nine elements in the soil extracts. This paper describes the results of crop yields, plant N, P and K content and Mehlich-1 extractable P and K. The research demonstrated the fertilizer produced higher yields of grass forage than the sludge and the compost but equivalent to the sludge in corn yields. Forage and corn N, P and K contents, however, varied with treatment, crop and year, while the compost-amended soils were highest in extractable nutrients. Both sludges and the compost, therefore, could be effective sources of N, P and K for crop production. Compared to the conventional fertilizer, the nutrient availability from the organic amendments (especially N and P) was considerably lower than the 50% assumed at the start of the experiment; the sludges however, provided higher nutrient availability than the compost.