中国拟隐脉叶蝉属三新种：（同翅目：叶蝉科）

本文记述叶蝉科拟隐脉叶蝉属３新种,即肛突拟隐叶蝉Ｓｏｐｈｏｎｉａ ａｎｕｓｕｈａｍａｔａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ,弧纹所隐脉叶蝉Ｓｏｐｈｏｎｉａ ａｒｃｕａｔａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．和黑线拟隐脉叶蝉Ｓｐｐｈｏｎｉａｎｉｇｒｉｌｉｎｅａｔａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ。模式标本积存在贵州农学院。     

弯头叶蝉属一新种记述（同翅目：叶蝉科：横脊叶蝉亚科）

本文记述弯头叶蝉属１新种：黑色弯头叶蝉Ｖａｎｇａｍａｐｉｃｅａｓｐ．ｎｏｖ模式标保存在贵州农学院。     

突大叶蝉属三新种：（同翅目：叶蝉总科）

本文记述同翅目Ｈｏｍｏｐｔｅｒａ叶蝉总科Ｃｉｃａｄｅｌｌｏｉｄｅａ大叶蝉科Ｃｉｃａｄｅｌｌｉｄａｅ突大叶蝉属Ｇｕｎｕｎｇｉｄｉａ三新种。红颜突大叶蝉Ｇｕｎｕｎｇｉｄｉａ ｒｕｎｕｎｇｉｄｉａ ｒｕｂｅｓｃｅｎｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,锈面突大叶蝉Ｇ．ｒｕｂｉｇｉｎｏｓｅ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．与白翅突大叶蝉Ｇ．ａｌｂａｔａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。采自中国南方。     

隐脉叶蝉亚科一新属一新种（同翅目：叶蝉科）

本文记述隐脉叶蝉亚科新属－平额叶蝉属Ｆｌａｔｆｒｏｎｔａ,ｇｅｎ．ｎｏｖ．,及１新种叉突平额叶蝉Ｆｌａｔｆｒｏｎｔａ ｐｒｏｎｇａ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。模式标本保存于贵州农学院。     

脊额叶蝉属三新种：同翅目：叶蝉科：横脊叶蝉亚科

本文记述脊额叶蝉属Ｃａｒｉｎａｔａ３新种,即枝茎脊额叶蝉Ｃ．ｂｒａｎｃｈｅｒａ Ｗａｎｇ ｅｔ Ｌｉ。ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ,弯突脊额叶蝉Ｃ．ｒｅｃｕｒｖａｎａ Ｗａｎｇ ｅｔ Ｌｉ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．一点脊额叶蝉Ｃ．ｕｎｉｐｕｎｃｔａ Ｗａｎｇ ｅｔＬｉ,ｓｐ,ｎｏｖ．模式标本保存在贵州农学院     

中国木叶蝉属四新种(同翅目:叶蝉科:殃叶蝉亚科)

本文记述木叶蝉属Ｐｈｌｏｇｏｔｅｔｔｉｘ Ｒｉｂａｕｔ４新种,即单斑木叶蝉Ｐ．ｍｏｎｏｚｏｎｅｕｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．;赤褐木叶蝉Ｐ．ｌｕｒｄｕｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．;灰斑木叶蝉Ｐ．ｇｒｉｍｅｕｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．;西藏木叶蝉Ｐ．ｔｉｂｅｔｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。模式标本保存贵州农学院。     

河南伏牛山缘脊叶蝉亚科种类记述：同翅目：叶蝉科

本文论述河南省伏牛山缘脊叶蝉亚科３属５种,其中包括１新属：管茎叶蝉属Ｆｉｓｔｕｌａｔｕｓ ｇｅｎ．ｎｏｖ．和３新种：中华管茎叶蝉Ｆｉｓｔｕｌａｔｕｓ ｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．河南胫槽叶蝉Ｄｒａｂｅｓｃｕｓ ｈｅｎａｎｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．细茎胫槽叶蝉Ｄｒａｂｅｓｃｕｓ ｍｉｎｉｐｅｎｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ。此外还厘订新异２个。新种模式标本分别保存在中国农业大学,中国科学院动物研究所,中山大     

中国片头叶蝉属二新种（同翅目∶叶蝉科∶耳叶蝉亚科）

记述我国叶蝉科耳叶蝉亚科片头叶蝉属２新种：赤缘片头叶蝉Ｐｅｔａｌｏｃｅｐｈａｌａ ｒｕｆａ Ｃｅｎ ｅｔ Ｃａｉ，ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．、单色片头叶蝉Ｐｅｔａｌｏｃｅｐｈａｌａ ｕｎｉｃｏｌｏｒ Ｃｅｎ ｅｔ Ｃａｉ，ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。新种模式标本保存在安徽农业大学昆虫标本室。     

脊额叶蝉属四新种（同翅目：叶蝉科：横脊叶蝉亚科）

记述脊额叶蝉属Ｃａｒｉｎａｔａ４新种,即：周氏脊额叶蝉Ｃ．ｃｈｏｕｉ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．;短地蝉Ｃ．ｂｒａｃｈｙ ｆｕｒｃａｔａ,ｓｐ。ｎｏｖ．;倒钩脊额叶蝉Ｃ．ｂａｒｂｕｌａｔａ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．及双突脊额叶蝉Ｃ．ｂｉｆｕｒｃａ,ｓｐ。ｎｏｖ．模式标本分别保存在西北农业大学昆虫博物馆,中国科学院动物研究所和中山大学。     

云南狭顶叶蝉属二新种（同翅目：叶蝉科：横脊叶蝉亚科）

本文记述狭顶叶蝉属Ａｎｇｕｓｔｅｌｌａ２新种,即：白斑狭顶叶蝉Ａ．ａｌｂｏｎｏｔａｔａ．ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ,黑背狭顶叶蝉Ａ．ｎｉｇｒｉｎｏｔａｓｐ．ｎｏｖ,模式标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.     

Composition and diversity of bird communities in Swedish farmland–forest mosaic landscapes

CapsuleThe amount of forest (at local and landscape scales) and occurrence of residual habitats at the local scale are shown to be the major factors influencing bird community composition in farmland–forest landscapes in central Sweden.

Aims To investigate the importance of local habitat and landscape structure for breeding birds in farmland–forest landscapes in central Sweden.

Methods Breeding birds were censused at 292 points. A detailed habitat mapping was made within 300 m of the points. Within a 300–600 m radius only two major habitats (forests and arable fields) were identified.

Results Cluster analyses of bird communities identified three site types that also differed in habitat composition: (i) partially forested sites in forested landscapes; (ii) heterogeneous sites with residual habitats in mosaic landscapes; and (iii) field-dominated farmland sites in open landscapes. A total of 19 of 25 farmland bird species (restricted to farmland or using both farmland and forest) had the highest abundance in farmland sites with mosaics of forest and farmland, while only six farmland species had the highest abundance in field-dominated sites. The bird community changed from being dominated by farmland species to being dominated by forest species (common in forest landscapes without farmland) at small proportions (10–20%) of forest at the local scale. A major difference in habitat composition between heterogeneous and field-dominated sites was the occurrence of different residual habitats (e.g. shrubby areas and seminatural grasslands). These habitats seemed to influence bird community composition more than land-use, despite covering <10% of the area. Seminatural grasslands were important for bird community composition and species-richness, but grazing seemed to be less important. Among different land-use types, cereal crops were the least preferred fields. Set-asides with tall vegetation and short rotation coppices were positively associated with species-richness of farmland birds.

Conclusion In general, the composition of the landscape was important for bird community composition, although amount and distribution of forests, occurrence of residual habitats and land-use of fields at the local scale had the strongest influence on bird community composition. The possible implications of these patterns for managing farmland–forest landscapes are discussed.     

Chemical constituents from the fruits of Rhus typhina L. and their chemotaxonomic significance

This work describes the isolation and characterization of twenty-nine compounds from the fruits of Rhus typhina L., including eleven flavonoids (1–11), eleven phenols (12–22), two pentacyclic triterpenes (23–24), two organic acids (25–26), one lumichrome (27), one courmarin (28) and one pyrimidine (29) on the basis of their spectroscopic data. Compounds apigenin (1), daidzein (4), orobol (5), 3′, 5, 5′, 7-tetrahydroxyflavanone (6), naringenin (7), butein (8), (-)-catechin (9), quercetin-3-O-α-L-(3″-O-galloyl)-rhamnoside (11), 2-hydroxybenzoic acid (13), 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (14), vanillin (15), methyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (16), 3,5-dihydroxybenzamide (18), tyrosol (19), caffeic acid (20), 3-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propan-1-one (21), phlorizin (22), friedelin (23), oleanolic acid (24), 4,4-dimethyl-heptanedioic acid (25), anthranilic acid (26), lumichrome (27), scoparone (28) and uracil (29) have not been recorded before in this plant. This is the first report on the occurrence of compounds 4–7, 9, 11, 13–14, 16, 18–21, 25–29 from the genus Rhus. Moreover, the chemotaxonomic significance of these isolated compounds was also summarized.