载脂蛋白AI结构与功能研究进展

载脂蛋白AI（apoAI)是高密度脂蛋白（HDL）中主要的蛋白质,它是细胞胆固醇逆向转运（RCT）的特殊重要因素,ApoAI能与磷脂,多种血浆因子及细胞膜受体结合,可以激活卵磷脂胆固醇酰基转移酶（LCAT）,起着促进细胞内胆固醇的移出,酯化,转移,以及调节HDL代谢的作用。ApoAI在各种HDL亚类中其空间结构有较大差异。这与HDL成熟过程及运载胆固醇等生理功能密切相关。     

工业废羊毛酸解工艺条件选择

毛发蛋白盐酸水解提取胱氨酸时 ,温度、毛酸比、时间等因素影响到毛发蛋白的水解率和产品胱氨酸的总收率。通过正交试验法 ,进行了废羊毛酸解工艺参数的试验研究 ,确定了最佳酸解工艺参数为 :温度 1 0 5℃ ,毛酸比(W/V) 1∶1 .7,连续水解时间 7.0h。     

酮古龙酸菌细胞色素c的表达、成熟及活性分析

目的:从酮古龙酸菌Y25中扩增细胞色素c基因,在大肠杆菌中表达、成熟并进行生物活性分析。方法:从酮古龙酸菌Y25基因组中PCR扩增细胞色素c基因,构建pET22b表达载体;从大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中扩增细胞色素c成熟基因簇ccmABCDEFGH,连接到带有山梨糖脱氢酶组成型启动子的pBBR1MCS2-P200载体中;将构建的2个质粒共转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),经IPTG诱导表达后进行血红素染色检测;通过氧化还原光谱法对Ni柱亲和纯化的重组蛋白进行活性分析。结果:扩增得到1404 bp的细胞色素c基因及6481 bp的ccmABCDEFGH基因簇;重组菌株经IPTG诱导表达后行SDS-PAGE分析,可见相对分子质量为50×103的表达条带;血红素染色显示重组蛋白结合有血红素;经氧化还原光谱扫描,显示亲和层析纯化得到的目的蛋白有细胞色素c特征吸收峰。结论:从酮古龙酸菌Y25中扩增得到了细胞色素c基因,在大肠杆菌中进行了表达和成熟,表达蛋白具有细胞色素c生物活性。     

利用蛋白质限制性水解法解析大肠杆菌T蛋白的独立结构域

为了解析分支酸变位酶和预苯酸脱氢酶在大肠杆菌T蛋白的定位,根据T蛋白限制性水解结果,分段克隆分支酸变位酶和预苯酸脱氢酶.T蛋白限制性水解结果显示,第93位氨基酸是大片段的N端,分段克隆的1～93 片段测定得到分支酸变位酶活性,96～373片段得到了预苯酸脱氢酶活性.研究表明,大肠杆菌T蛋白由两个独立结构域组成,N端93个氨基酸组成了分支酸变位酶,C端277个氨基酸组成了预苯酸脱氢酶.     

人参培养细胞中活性六糖的分离及结构鉴定

将用酸水解人参细胞方法得到的寡糖素,是一组聚合度由３－１２单糖组成的水溶性混合物,经活性碳柱,ｏｗｅｘ５０（Ｈ＾＋）柱,Ｂｉｏ－Ｇｅｌ Ｐ－２凝胶柱后由半制备型ＯＤＳ柱在ＨＰＬＣ分离到一个六糖,通过ＧＣ,ＧＣ－ＭＳ,ＦＡＢ－ＭＳ和＾１３４Ｃ－ＮＭＲ测定,推测出了这个     

固定化白桦酸亲和整体柱的制备方法及其应用

探究固定化天然产物白桦酸衍生物制备整体色谱柱的方法及应用。以天然活性小分子白桦酸衍生物3,23-O-二乙酰基-28-白桦酸胺乙基酰胺(EDA-BA)为配体,甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)为单体,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(EDMA)为交联剂,正丙醇和1,4-丁二醇为生孔剂,偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,通过原位聚合反应一锅法制备而成固定化白桦酸的整体柱poly(GMA-EDA-BA-co-EDMA);通过元素分析、扫描电镜、微径液相等手段对整体柱进行表征。液相色谱的条件下用于蛋白质的分离分析研究,发现除了α-葡萄糖苷酶,其他四种蛋白质和酶(包括胰蛋白酶、牛血清白蛋白、人血清白蛋白以及细胞色素C)在该柱上无特异性吸附,提示了该整体柱具有一定的选择性。研究表明,“一锅法”可应用于固定化天然产物单体化合物分子的整体柱的制备。     

可溶性血纤蛋白促进细胞伸展及其作用机制

可溶性血纤蛋白（ｓｏｌｕｂｌｅｆｉｂｒｉｎ,ＳＦ）为血纤蛋白单体和血纤蛋白原１∶２的复合物．现已知在血液凝固系统被激活的病理状态下,存在于循环血液中,然而它的生理作用仍然不明．首次发现细胞能在固定的ＳＦ上伸展,并能被外源性ＳＦ及精氨酸－甘氨酸－天冬氨酸（ＲＧＤ）合成肽所抑制,但不能被血纤蛋白原和血纤蛋白单体所抑制,提示ＳＦ形成后其结构变化是引起细胞伸展的关键．片段Ｘ（缺乏ＲＧＤ２序列的血纤蛋白原片段）与血纤蛋白单体形成的复合物,使细胞伸展活性明显减低,提示在ＳＦ结构中,血纤蛋白原的ＲＧＤ２序列在细胞伸展中起重要作用．同时发现ＤＩＣ患者血浆中的ＳＦ也具有细胞伸展活性．ＳＦ作为一个粘附分子在体内血栓形成过程中起重要调节作用     

以动物脏器——猪腰渣为原料提取氨基酸

<正> 利用本厂生产的废渣——猪腰渣为原料,提取精氨酸、组氨酸,余下的酸性氨基酸和中性氧基酸作为本厂产品的营养添加剂,是实验的主题。围绕这个题目,我们有两个实验方案:第一法,腰渣经酸水解浓缩减酸脱色后。以串接的大小二根732阳离子柱吸附全部氨基酸,根据氨基酸在柱上的色谱分布按区段分头洗脱,以缩短生产周期。用此法进行三批试验,得精氨酸收率为3.9%,2.1%,4.0%,组氨酸收率为0.4%和1%,从试验得率,讨论了水解完全后继续     

人VDAC2融合蛋白质粒构建及原核表达研究

目的：构建人VDAC2融合蛋白原核表达质粒并进行原核表达研究。方法：运用RT—PCR技术在培养的人HepG2．2．15细胞中钓取到目的基因VDAC2,连接至T载体上进行克隆,获得大量目的基因与原核表达载体pTrc—CKS、pMBP—P连接,构建重组融合蛋白表达质粒,转入大肠杆菌中DH5a,BL21（DE3）LySs中,IPTG诱导蛋白原核表达,表达产物经SDS—PAGE检测,分析蛋白表达情况。结果：成功构建了重组载体pTrc—CKS—VDAC2和pMBP—P-VDAC2,并在原核大肠杆菌中实现了重组融合蛋白的超量表达。结论：构建的两个人VDAC2的融合蛋白表达质粒在大肠杆菌中均得到超量表达。为进一步研究VDAC2蛋白奠定了基础。     

微生物薯蓣皂苷糖苷酶的分离纯化的研究

产薯蓣皂苷酶的sp.s00c菌发酵液,通过分级沉淀的分离方法,经离子交换柱提纯分离,得到聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳单点的酶,其酶蛋白分子量为59 ku,提纯酶最适酶反应温度为40℃,最适pH值为5.0。提纯酶不仅能水解薯蓣皂苷的鼠李糖基,也能水解薯蓣皂苷的葡萄糖基。     

重组鲁西黄牛α干扰素融合蛋白的表达及其抗病毒活性研究

通过PCR从鲁西黄牛(Yellowcattle)基因组DNA中克隆了α干扰素(BoIFN-α)基因,并插入到pET32a 中,构建成重组原核表达质粒pET32a /BoIFN-α,进行测序和诱导表达。测序结果表明,鲁西黄牛IFN-α基因全长498个核苷酸,含一个开放阅读框(ORF),编码166个氨基酸的成熟蛋白,与已报道的牛α干扰素C亚型氨基酸组成同源性为97.6%。表达产物经SDS-PAGE分析,表达出40kD的融合蛋白,表达量占菌体总蛋白的26.7%。表达产物经镍离子螯合次氨基三乙酸(Ni-NTA)亲和层析纯化,纯化产物进行复性后在MDBK/VSV上的活性为5×105u/mg。重组牛IFN-α(rBoIFN-α)对牛轮状病毒(BRV)有一定的抑制作用,抗BRV病毒活性为1.5×105u/mg。结果显示从鲁西黄牛中克隆了IFN-α基因的一种新亚型,即BoIFN-αC2,并实现了高效表达,获得了具有较高抗病毒活性的重组干扰素产物,为重组牛干扰素的开发奠定了基础。     

Expression, purification, and characterization of a novel methyl parathion hydrolase

The mpd gene coding for a novel methyl parathion hydrolase (MPH) was previously reported and its putative open reading frame was also identified. To further confirm its coding region, the intact region encoding MPH was obtained by PCR and expressed in Escherichia coli as a hexa-His C-terminal fusion protein. The fusion protein was purified to homogeneity by metal-affinity chromatography. The enzyme activity and zymogram assay showed that the fusion protein was functional in degrading methyl parathion. The amino terminal sequencing of the purified recombinant MPH indicated that a signal peptide of the first 35 amino acids was cleaved from its precursor to form active MPH. A rat polyclonal antiserum was raised against the purified mature fusion protein. The results of Western blot and zymogram demonstrated that mature MPH in native Plesiomonas sp. strain M6 was also processed from its precursor by cleavage of a putative signal peptide at the amino terminus. The production of active MPH in E. coli was greatly improved after the coding region for the signal peptide was deleted. HPLC gel filtration of the purified mature recombinant MPH revealed that the MPH was a monomer.     

Maize uroporphyrinogen III methyltransferase: overexpression of the functional gene fragments in Escherichia coli and one-step purification

S-Adenosyl-L-methionine: uroporphyrinogen III methyltransferase (SUMT), a key regulatory enzyme, converts uroporphyrinogen III to precorrin-2 in the porphinoids biosynthesis. In this study, the mature SUMT was signified that the maize SUMT precursor encoded by the open reading frame of maize SUMT cDNA was deleted the first 91 amino acids constituting the postulated signal peptide. Several mature SUMT fusion and deletion mutants were conducted. It actively expressed in Escherichia coli that the mature SUMT, or the truncated one deleting the C-terminal extra 52 amino acids based on SUMT sequence comparisons. On the contrary, it expressed as an inclusion body in E. coli that the mature SUMT fusion mutant, the SUMT precursor, or the mature SUMT deleting the N-terminal 36 amino acids including glycine-rich region involved directly in SAM binding. The purified His6-tagged mature SUMT was homodimer with a molecular weight of 34 kDa, as shown by SDS-PAGE, 52 kDa using gel-filtration chromatography, and 79 kDa by dynamic light scattering assay. Red fluorescent compounds were associated with the recombinant mature SUMT which were identified as sirohydrochlorin and trimethylpyrrocorphin by spectroscopic analysis. This association slightly altered the protein secondary structure confirmed by circular dichroism assay.     

Cloning, characterization and expression of the polypeptide release factor gene, eRF1, of Blepharisma japonicum

The polypeptide release factor gene, eRF1, of Blepharisma japonicum (Bj-eRF1) was cloned and sequenced. Its coding region was 1314 base pairs and encodes a protein of 437 amino acids. The cloned gene was expressed in Escherichia coli and the recombinant Bj-eRF1 polypeptide was purified by Ni2+-nitrilotriacetic acid agarose and Superose12 chromatography. Pull-down analysis showed that the recombinant Bj-eRF1 interacts with the heterologously-expressed release factor, eRF3C, of Euplotes octocarinatus.     

Transient expression of wild type and mutant human apolipoprotein AI in COS cells

A human apolipoprotein AI (apo AI) minigene and two mutants were cloned into the vector pUHD10-1 for expression studies in COS cells under the control of the strong CMV (cytomegalovirus) enhancer and the own apo AI promoter. In the mutated apo AI minigene (mutant M1) the positions of the triplets of Gln(-2)-Gln-1 at the C-terminus of the prosequence were exchanged against Gln(-8)-Ala-7, the recognition site of the signal peptidase of the wild type human apo AI. The prosequence has been deleted in mutant M2 and the presequence linked directly to the N-terminus of the mature apo AI form. We report here on expression studies in COS cells, a cell line, which does not express apo AI. They were transfected by electroporation with pUHD10-1 constructs, which contain a) the wild type apo AI minigene and b) the two mutant apo AI minigenes with mutations described above. The following results were obtained: a) the wild type and mutant apo AI constructs were efficiently transcribed and translated in COS cells, b) the expression of the wild type preproapo AI minigene in COS cells led to the secretion of proapo AI (29 kDa), that of the mutant (M2) gene, devoid of the prosequence of mature apo AI (28.4 kDa), whereas the product of mutant gene M1 (31 kDa) with the recognition site of the signal peptides transposed to the C-terminus of the prosequence remained uncleaved within the COS cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Expression of the human serum apolipoprotein AI and AII genes in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Lipid-associated secretion of gene products

The two major apolipoproteins of plasma high-density lipoproteins (HDL) are apolipoprotein AI (apo AI) and AII (apo AII). The apo AI and the correctly oriented apo CIII genes separated by 2.6 kb were obtained by fusion of two human lambda-genomic clones. The apo AII gene was isolated as a 3 kb clone. These apolipoprotein genes have been injected independently and together into Xenopus laevis oocytes and their expression studied. Both apolipoprotein genes were transcribed and translated into their preproforms and processed in Xenopus laevis oocytes to their proforms. They were secreted into the medium associated with newly synthesized phospholipids and neutral lipids as particles floating in the high-density lipoprotein range between 1.12 and 1.21 g/ml. Secreted apo AI is associated mainly with newly synthesized phosphatidylethanolamine and little triglyceride, apo AII with phosphatidylethanolamine, lysophosphatidylethanolamine and neutral lipids. Simultaneous injection of the apo AI and apo AII genes led to the secretion of both apoproteins which separated into two bands during CsCl-density gradient centrifugation. The heavier particles were associated with proapo AI and AII, phosphatidylethanolamine (greater than 90%) and traces of lysophosphatidylethanolamine as lipid components. Proapo AII was immunoprecipitated from the less dense fraction and found to be mainly associated with lysophosphatidylethanolamine. Radiolabelled newly synthesized apolipoproteins in secreted particles were characterized by immunoprecipitation after delipidation of the secreted lipoprotein particles. The oocyte-system proved very suitable for studies of the expression of serum apolipoprotein genes, the assembly of the apolipoproteins with specific lipids to lipoprotein particles and their secretion.     

Production and characterization of recombinant human neutrophil chemotactic factor

A putative mature human neutrophil chemotactic factor (NCF) corresponding to the C-terminal 72 amino acids of its precursor was directly produced in Escherichia coli by recombinant DNA technology. Human NCF was present in both the soluble and insoluble protein fractions of the homogenate of host cells, and it was partially purified as a water-soluble polypeptide from both fractions, separately. The partially purified NCF preparation was highly purified to an endotoxin-free homogeneous polypeptide by means of CM-Sepharose CL-6B column chromatography and gel filtration on Toyopearl HW-55. No difference between the human NCF preparations purified from both starting materials could be found concerning purity, primary structure, solubility, molecular weight, and chemotactic activity for human neutrophils. The amino acid sequence of recombinant human NCF was identical to the sequence deduced from the cDNA sequence. A methionine residue due to the translation initiation codon was removed. Recombinant human NCF was found to be biologically active and to exhibit chemotactic activity for human neutrophils in vitro and cause a neutrophil infiltration in vivo in mice.     

Diphtheria toxin receptor binding domain substitution with interleukin-2: genetic construction and properties of a diphtheria toxin-related interleukin-2 fusion protein

We have genetically replaced the diphtheria toxin receptor binding domain with a synthetic gene encoding interleukin-2 (IL-2) and a translational stop signal. The diphtheria toxin-related T-cell growth factor fusion gene encodes a 70 586-d polypeptide, pro-IL-2-toxin. The mature form of IL-2-toxin has a deduced mol. wt of 68,086 and is shown to be exported to the periplasmic compartment of Escherichia coli (pABI508), and contain immunologic determinants intrinsic to both its diphtheria toxin and IL-2 components. IL-2-toxin has been purified from periplasmic extracts of recombinant strains of E. coli (pABI508) by immunoaffinity chromatography using immobilized anti-IL-2. The purified chimeric toxin is shown to selectively inhibit protein synthesis in IL-2 receptor bearing targeted cells, whereas cell lines which do not express the IL-2 receptor are resistant to IL-2-toxin action.     

Dihydrofolate reductase as a new "affinity handle".

Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) has been demonstrated to be a versatile "affinity handle" for expression of recombinant proteins. The DHFR "handle" has advantages not only in terms of efficiency of expressing the fusion protein as a soluble form but also in stabilizing unstable polypeptides and facilitating purification of the expressed protein by means of methotrexate-bound affinity chromatography and by making use of the enzyme activity. Fifteen genes encoding different lengths of polypeptides of 5 to 44 amino acids were chemically synthesized and introduced into expression vectors, pTP70-1 or its derivatives. All the polypeptide genes were efficiently expressed in Escherichia coli cells as fusion proteins which show DHFR activity. The respective fusion proteins were highly purified from cell-free extracts by monitoring the DHFR activity at each purification step. The use of methotrexate-bound affinity chromatography was very effective. In order to cut out the polypeptides, the purified fusion proteins were treated with either BrCN or site-specific protease according to the spacer sequence. The objective polypeptide was purified by means of a reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) system. Specific cleavage of the purified fusion protein actually yielded very few peptide fragments, so the assignment and isolation of the objective polypeptide were carried out without difficulty.