闭合复位经皮克氏针内固定治疗桡骨远端骨折的临床观察

目的:探讨闭合复位经皮克氏针内固定治疗桡骨远端骨折的-陆床疗效.方法:采用闭合复位经皮克氏针内固定治疗桡骨远端骨折患者45例,所有病例均在c型臂X线机透视下,行闭合复位,复位满意后开始行经皮穿针内固定,石膏外固定.结果:术后随访3～36个月,平均16.3个月,腕关节功能按Sarmiento标准评定,本组45例中,优23例,良15例,可5例,差2例.结论:经皮穿针内固定具有操作简单、创伤小的优点,是一种实用的微创手术.     

加压螺纹钉治疗股骨颈骨折

股骨颈骨折是老年人常见的损伤。目前,其治疗方法很多,多以闭合复位内固定为主。多年来,为提高骨折愈合率和减少并发症,我们设计试制了加压螺纹钉来治疗股骨颈骨折,经临床使用观察,近期效果满意。现介绍如下:一、器械介绍加压螺纹钉由螺纹钉、加压器组成,整套器械材料选用47121高强度钛合金(图1)。     

闭合复位空心钉内固定对第五掌骨颈骨折的治疗观察

目的分析闭合复位空心钉内固定对第五掌骨颈骨折的治疗价值。方法随机抽取我院近年来收治的第五掌骨颈骨折患者45例,采取闭合复位空心钉内固定治疗,观察患者术后关节功能恢复情况。结果 45例患者术后伤口均Ⅰ期愈合,术后无感染、断钉等并发症发生。术后患侧颈干角较术前明显降低(P0.05),与健侧颈干角相比无明显差异(P0.05);术后掌指关节活动度较术前明显增加(P0.05),与健侧掌指关节活动度相比无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论闭合复位空心钉内固定治疗第五掌骨颈骨折效果显著,可快速恢复手部功能。     

内固定术后股骨颈短缩的多因素分析及其对骨折的影响

目的:分析股骨颈短缩的发生率、对骨折愈合造成的影响以及造成颈短缩的影响因素。方法:选择在我院行闭合复位空心钉内固定术治疗并成功获得随访信息的老年股骨颈骨折患者106例作为研究对象。于术后1、3、6、12个月对患者进行门诊随访,记录患者的髋关节Harris评分、骨折愈合情况以及颈短缩的发生率,并将患者分为短缩组和无短缩组,对两组患者的骨折愈合率与髋关节Harris评分进行对比,并分析空心钉内固定术后颈短缩发生的危险因素。结果:短缩组43例,未短缩组63例。短缩组中骨折愈合率93.02%;未短缩组中骨折愈合率93.65%,两组骨折愈合率的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。短缩组中术后髋关节Harris评分为(74.58±7.85)分;未短缩组中术后髋关节Harris评分为(85.69±11.34)分,短缩组Harris评分低于未短缩组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。颈短缩的发生与年龄、性别、骨折类型、骨密度值及骨折复位质量密切相关(P<0.05),与受伤至手术时间、置入方式、负重时间、住院时间无明显的相关性(P>0.05)。颈短缩的发生与骨密度值和骨折复位质量相关性最大,骨折类型与年龄次之,性别的相关性相对较小。结论:空心钉内固定治疗股骨颈骨折并发颈短缩的发生率较高,颈短缩会影响髋关节的功能,但不影响骨折的愈合。骨密度、骨折复位质量、骨折类型、年龄以及性别是颈短缩的独立影响因素。     

切开与闭合复位空心钉内固定对移位股骨颈骨折患者骨折复位质量和髋关节功能的影响

摘要 目的：探讨切开与闭合复位空心钉内固定对移位股骨颈骨折患者骨折复位质量和髋关节功能的影响。方法：本研究为回顾性研究,选取98例移位股骨颈骨折患者的临床资料,根据手术方式的不同将患者分为A组（n=50,切开复位）和B组（n=48,闭合复位）,比较两组患者优良率、骨折复位质量、髋关节功能、围术期指标、术后并发症发生率和二次手术发生率。结果：A组患者术后6个月的优良率为78.00%（39/50）,高于B组的58.33%（28/48）（P<0.05）。两组术后负重下地时间、术中透视时间比较无差异（P>0.05）;B组手术时间、住院时间短于A组,术中出血量少于A组（P<0.05）。两组患者术后1个月、术后3个月、术后6个月髋关节功能Harris评分均较术前升高,且A组高于B组（P<0.05）。两组二次手术及并发症发生率比较无差异（P>0.05）。A组Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型的例数均多于B组,Ⅲ型例数少于B组（P<0.05）。结论：与闭合复位空心钉内固定相比,切开复位空心钉内固定虽损伤较大,但其术后骨折复位质量和髋关节功能改善效果更佳,且不增加并发症发生率和二次手术发生率。     

股骨近端抗旋髓内钉法治疗老年股骨转子下粉碎性骨折的效果分析

目的:探讨利用股骨近端抗旋髓内钉法治疗老年股骨转子下粉碎性骨折的临床效果,为临床提供参考。方法:对我院2009年6月-2013年1月收治的38例老年股骨转子下粉碎性骨折患者行股骨近端抗旋髓内钉法进行手术治疗,分析手术方法、效果及患者的预后效果。结果:28例行闭合复位,7例行骨折端切开复位,患者术后7-14d可下地活动,3 m内扶拐部分负重行走,31例(88.6%)获得随访,随访时间9-24个月,骨折愈合时间为3-6个月,平均3.7个月;Harris髋功能评分标准:优18例,良10例,中3例,优良率90.32%(28/31)。结论:PFNA是一种治疗老年股骨转子下粉碎性骨折的有效装置,能够减少骨折不愈合、髋内翻畸形愈合及内固定断裂、切割股骨头等并发症,在治疗老年股骨转子下粉碎性骨折时可达到较高的骨愈合率、较快的功能恢复。     

急诊闭合复位和切开复位空心钉治疗股骨颈骨折的疗效对比分析

目的:研究分析急诊闭合复位和切开复位空心钉治疗股骨颈骨折的疗效。方法:选取2013年6月至2014年6月期间于我院接受治疗的92例急诊股骨颈骨折患者,将所有患者(按随机数字表法)均分为观察组(n=46)和对照组(n=46)。观察组患者采取切开复位空心钉治疗法进行治疗,对照组则采取闭合复位空心钉治疗法进行诊疗。比较两组患者术中术后情况、随访中髋关节功能Harris评分以及相关术后并发症情况。结果:观察组患者所需的手术时间、术中出血量、伤口长度明显多于对照组[(61.43±5.34)min、(30.54±4.27)m L、(6.43±0.56)cm比(46.54±3.26)min、(16.43±2.43)m L、(1.83±0.44)cm](P0.05)。观察组的髋关节功能Harris评分优良率显著高于对照组[82.61%(38/46)比50.00%(23/46)](P0.05)。两组患者的骨折不愈合率比较无显著性差异(P0.05),观察组的股骨头坏死率显著低于对照组[2.17%(1/46)比13.04%(6/46)](P0.05)。结论:应用切开复位空心钉治疗股骨颈骨折患者的方法更佳,其临床治疗效果更好且患者股骨头发生缺血坏死的几率也更低。     

Acutrak钉治疗Hoffa骨折15例

目的:探讨Acutrak钉治疗Hoffa骨折的方法及疗效。方法:对2011年5月至2013年4月,河南省中医院关节科收治15例Hoffa骨折进行回顾性分析。按照Letenneur分型:I型10例,Ⅱ型2例,Ⅲ型3例。采用无头空心加压螺钉内固定。结果:15例全部获得随访,时间12~24个月,平均18个月,骨折均愈合,无并发症发生,末次随访时膝关节功能恢复情况按Letenneur评分标准:优良12例,可3例,差0例,优良率为80.0%结论:Acutrak钉治疗Hoffa骨折是一种有良好疗效的方法,操作简单安全,骨折复位固定良好,临床疗效满意。     

手术内固定对脑梗死后遗症期股骨颈骨折的临床疗效观察

目的观察手术内固定对脑梗死后遗症期股骨颈骨折的临床治疗效果。方法选取我院脑梗死后遗症期发生股骨颈骨折的患者60例,随机分为手术组及对照组各30例,手术组采用闭合复位内固定法治疗,对照组行非手术治疗,治疗2周后,观察比较两组患者的Harris髋关节评分。结果手术组患者的Harris髋关节评分优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论手术内固定法治疗脑梗死后遗症期股骨颈骨折的效果满意,有利促进患者恢复。     

空心钉加内侧支撑钢板与单纯空心钉治疗PauwelsⅢ型股骨颈骨折的疗效比较研究

目的:比较PauwelsⅢ型股骨颈骨折分别经单纯空心钉、空心钉加内侧支撑钢板治疗的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2016年3月～2019年2月期间收治的113例PauwelsⅢ型股骨颈骨折患者的临床资料,根据手术方式分为A组(n=55,单纯空心钉内固定治疗)和B组(n=58,空心钉加内侧支撑钢板治疗),比较两组患者围术期指标、髋关节功能、术后疼痛及复位质量,记录两组患者随访期间并发症发生情况。结果:B组术中出血量多于A组,手术时间长于A组(均P0.05);B组骨折愈合时间、完全负重时间短于A组(P0.05)。两组患者术后3个月、术后6个月髋关节Harrris评分呈升高趋势,视觉模拟评分量表(VAS)评分呈下降趋势(P0.05);B组术后3个月、术后6个月髋关节Harrris评分高于A组,VAS评分则低于A组(P0.05)。与术后3 d相比,A组患者术后6个月正位、侧位Garden指数降低(P0.05);B组术后6个月正位、侧位Garden指数评分高于A组(P0.05)。B组并发症发生率低于A组(P0.05)。结论:与单纯空心钉内固定治疗PauwelsⅢ型股骨颈骨折相比,空心钉加内侧支撑钢板虽然术中出血量多,手术时间略长,但其术后恢复效果更佳,且并发症发生率更低,临床应用价值较高。     

Scurvy in capybaras bred in captivity in Argentine

In order to determine if the absence of vitamin C in the diet of capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) causes scurvy, a group of seven young individuals were fed food pellets without ascorbic acid, while another group of eight individuals received the same food with 1 g of ascorbic acid per animal per day. Animals in the first group developed signs of scurvy-like gingivitis, breaking of the incisors and death of one animal. Clinical signs appeared between 25 and 104 days from the beginning of the trial in all individuals. Growth rates of individuals deprived of vitamin C was considerably less than those observed in the control group. Deficiency of ascorbic acid had a severe effect on reproduction of another population of captive capybaras. We found that the decrease in ascorbic acid content in the diet affected pregnancy, especially during the first stages. The results obtained suggest that it is necessary to supply a suitable quantity of vitamin C in the diet of this species in captivity.     

Changes in lactate dehydrogenase activity in chicken tissues in hyperthyreosis in ontogenesis

The lactate dehydrogenase activity in reactions of lactate oxidation and synthesis was studied in subfractions of the chicken brain, heart and liver at the embryonal, early postembryonal and adult stages of development after thyroxine administration. It has been shown that during embryogenesis thyroxine predominantly enhanced the rate of lactate oxidation in the mitochondrial tissues. A marked increase in the lactate synthesis was found in cytoplasm of the adult chicken tissues. Specificity of enzyme activity alterations was detected in the chicken brain during ontogenesis after thyroxine administration.     

Role for dopamine in malonate-induced damage in vivo in striatum and in vitro in mesencephalic cultures

Defects in mitochondrial energy metabolism have been implicated in the pathology of several neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, the reactive metabolites generated from the metabolism and oxidation of the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) are thought to contribute to the damage to neurons of the basal ganglia. We have previously demonstrated that infusions of the metabolic inhibitor malonate into the striata of mice or rats produce degeneration of DA nerve terminals. In the present studies, we demonstrate that an intrastriatal infusion of malonate induces a substantial increase in DA efflux in awake, behaving mice as measured by in vivo microdialysis. Furthermore, pretreatment of mice with tetrabenazine (TBZ) or the TBZ analogue Ro 4-1284 (Ro-4), compounds that reversibly inhibit the vesicular storage of DA, attenuates the malonate-induced DA efflux as well as the damage to DA nerve terminals. Consistent with these findings, the damage to both DA and GABA neurons in mesencephalic cultures by malonate exposure was attenuated by pretreatment with TBZ or Ro-4. Treatment with these compounds did not affect the formation of free radicals or the inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation resulting from malonate exposure alone. Our data suggest that DA plays an important role in the neurotoxicity produced by malonate. These findings provide direct evidence that inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase causes an increase in extracellular DA levels and indicate that bioenergetic defects may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic neurodegenerative diseases through a mechanism involving DA.     

SSTR5 ablation in islet results in alterations in glucose homeostasis in mice

Somatostatin (SST) peptide is a potent inhibitor of insulin secretion and its effect is mediated via somatostatin receptor 5 (SSTR5) in the endocrine pancreas. To investigate the consequences of gene ablation of SSTR5 in the mouse pancreas, we have generated a mouse model in which the SSTR5 gene was specifically knocked down in the pancreatic beta cells (betaSSTR5Kd) using the Cre-lox system. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that SSTR5 gene expression was absent in beta cells at three months of age. At the time of gene ablation, betaSSTR5Kd mice demonstrated glucose intolerance with lack of insulin response and significantly reduced serum insulin levels. Insulin tolerance test demonstrated a significant increase of insulin clearance in vivo at the same age. In vitro studies demonstrated an absence of response to SST-28 stimulation in the betaSSTR5Kd mouse islet, which was associated with a significantly reduced SST expression level in betaSSTR5Kd mice pancreata. In addition, betaSSTR5Kd mice had significantly reduced serum glucose levels and increased serum insulin levels at 12 months of age. Glucose tolerance test at an older age also indicated a persistently higher insulin level in betaSSTR5Kd mice. Further studies of betaSSTR5Kd mice had revealed elevated serum C-peptide levels at both 3 and 12 months of age, suggesting that these mice are capable of producing and releasing insulin to the periphery. These results support the hypothesis that SSTR5 plays a pivotal role in the regulation of insulin secretion in the mouse pancreas.     

我国葫芦科植物离体培养研究进展

葫芦科植物包括多种瓜类蔬菜,对其进行离体培养研究具有重要的理论和实践意义。综述了国内在葫芦科植物器官培养、体细胞胚胎发生、花药培养、原生质体培养和体细胞杂交及离体遗传转化等方面取得的研究进展,并对葫芦科植物离体培养、遗传转化与育种的前景作了展望。