湖北泽泻的HPLC分析及有效成分含量测定

采用高效液相色谱方法,以乙腈和水(65?35)为流动相,图谱收集波长为210 nm。用指标成分24-乙酰泽泻醇A、23-乙酰泽泻醇B的标准品作回归曲线(利用浓度和峰面积的线性关系),对药店出售的片状干燥泽泻的含量进行测定和图谱分析,并与资料中展示的不同泽泻制品含量相比较,从而对泽泻的制作方法、有效成分含量的影响及泽泻质量进行评价,建立起成熟的质量评价的定量方法体系。     

泽泻中二个三萜新成分的研究Ⅱ

继前文鉴定的七个泽泻醇类成分后 ,又从泽泻中分离、鉴定出六个三萜成分 ,其中 11 乙酰 2 5 脱水泽泻醇A(2 5 anhydroalisolA 11 acetate,Ⅳ )、2 4 乙酰 2 5 脱水泽泻醇A (2 5 anhydroalisolA 2 4 ac etate ,Ⅴ )为新化合物 ,新泽泻醇 (neoalisol,Ⅵ )为新天然产物 ,其它已知成分是泽泻醇A(alisolA ,Ⅰ )、2 4 乙酰泽泻醇A(alisolA 2 4 acetate ,Ⅱ )、2 5 脱水泽泻醇A(2 5 anhydroalisolA ,Ⅲ )。     

泽泻化学成分的研究

从泽泻（Alisma orientalis(Sam)Juzep）块茎中分离出12个化合物,经理化性质和波谱分析,分别鉴定为：β-谷甾醇3-O-硬脂酸酯（β-sistosterol-3-O-stearate,1）,正二十三烷（tricosane,2）,β-俗甾醇（β-sitosterol,5）,硬脂酸（stearic acid,6）1-硬脂酸甘油酯（glyeryl 1-stearate,7）,胡萝卜甙6′-O-硬脂酸酯（daucosterol-6′-O-stearate,8）,泽泻醇B单醋酸酯（alisol B monoacetate,9）,大黄素（emodin,10）,泽泻醇C单醋酸酯（alisol C monoacetate,11）,环氧泽泻烯（alismoxide,12）.化合物1,2,5,6,7和10为首次由该植物中获得,化合物12首次以结晶形式获得,化合物3和4的鉴定仍在进行。     

降脂中药复方的转运性相互作用——体外MDR1转运研究

目的:药物相互作用是影响药物安全和药效的重大因素之一。本文旨在通过体外MDR1研究方法——ATP酶法,评价降脂中药复方(Fang-2)及其单方6个饮片水提物与P-gp的相互作用,为临床中西药转运性相互作用提供参考。方法:应用标准化制备技术,制备降脂中药复方及其6个饮片水提物。利用基于MDR1膜的ATP酶法,计算MDR1细胞膜的ATP酶活性,考察药物与P-gp的相互作用。结果:1 mg·mL-1、10 mg·mL-1两个浓度中药复方的ATP酶活性分别为27.2、40.0 nmol Pi·min-1·mg-1protein,呈浓度依赖性。6个单方中,泽泻、厚朴、夏枯草与P-gp作用显著,其强弱顺序为:泽泻夏枯草厚朴(50.642.640.0 nmol Pi·min-1·mg-1protein)。泽泻单体23-乙酰泽泻醇B、24-乙酰泽泻醇A均与P-gp有较强的相互作用,ATP酶动力学研究显示其Km值和Vmax值分别为0.79±0.28μM,2.01±0.67μM和50.57±3.72 nmol Pi·min-1·mg-1protein,56.28±29.6 nmol Pi·min-1·mg-1protein。结论:Fang-2与MDR1存在相互作用,其中泽泻为主要被MDR1转运的饮片,泽泻的有效组分23-乙酰泽泻醇B和24-乙酰泽泻醇A均是MDR1底物。表明该降脂中药与临床上其他降脂药物的联用时应充分考虑MDR1介导的转运行相互作用,为临床用降脂药物提供参考和依据。     

氮磷钾肥对地道药材建泽泻生长与品质的影响

通过田间正交试验并结合室内HPLC分析,研究了氮、磷和钾素营养对建泽泻〔Alisma orientale(Sam.)Juzepcz.〕生长和品质的影响。结果表明,施用基肥对建泽泻生长前期的叶片数、株高、叶宽和叶长等农艺性状的影响均大于不施基肥处理;氮、磷和钾施用量对建泽泻产量均无显著影响,当施肥量为纯N 225.0 kg.hm-2、P2O5187.5 kg.hm-2和K2O 225.0 kg.hm-2,总施肥量为637.5 kg.hm-2时,产量最高;氮、磷和钾施用量对建泽泻块茎的粒重均无显著影响;磷的施用量对建泽泻指标性成分23-乙酰泽泻醇B含量有显著影响,而氮和钾均没有显著影响,且影响作用从高至低次序依次为P2O5、N、K2O。     

泽泻化学成分的研究

采用硅胶柱层析的方法,从四川产泽泻中分离得到三个倍半萜类成分,经理化鉴别及波谱测定,鉴定为泽泻萜醇E（orientaloa E Ⅰ）,alismoxide(Ⅲ),alismol(Ⅳ),其中化合物Ⅰ为新化合物。     

桉树叶单宁组分的研究

从窿缘桉（Eucalyptus exserta F.Muell.)树叶中分离并鉴定了榈酸,（＋）－儿茶素和杨梅酮葡萄糖甙化合物,及以乙酰衍生物形式分离出二种黄烷－3－醇 的二聚体B1和B3,并进行了鉴定,通过水解,花色素,间苯三酚降解反应以及旋光,紫外光谱,高效液相色谱,红外光谱,13C核磁共振等研究,确定缩合类单宁部分是原花青定（少量原翠雀定）,其终端单元由（＋）－儿茶素构成,延伸单元是（－）－表儿茶素,联结方式是C4－C8联结,黄烷－3－醇的平均聚合度为4－5。     

新疆泽泻属一新种

本文发表了新疆泽泻属一新种,即小泽泻Alisma nanum D.F.Cui,sp.nov。     

桉树叶单宁组分的研究

从窿缘桉（Eucalyptus exserta F.Muell.)树叶中分离并鉴定了榈酸,（＋）－儿茶素和杨梅酮葡萄糖甙化合物,及以乙酰衍生物形式分离出二种黄烷－3－醇 的二聚体B1和B3,并进行了鉴定,通过水解,花色素,间苯三酚降解反应以及旋光,紫外光谱,高效液相色谱,红外光谱,13C核磁共振等研究,确定缩合类单宁部分是原花青定（少量原翠雀定）,其终端单元由（＋）－儿茶素构成,延伸单元是（－）－表儿茶素,联结方式是C4－C8联结,黄烷－3－醇的平均聚合度为4－5。     

泽泻梗的营养成分及对α-葡萄糖苷酶活性的影响

采用国标方法测定泽泻梗的营养成分,用化学比分法和氨基酸比值系数法对其蛋白质的营养价值进行评价。此外,还对泽泻梗粗提物抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶的活性进行了测定。结果表明:泽泻梗(每100 g干样)含粗蛋白26.10 g、粗脂肪2.20 g、总膳食纤维27.56 g、灰分8.70 g、多糖4.22 g、还原糖4.87 g、维生素C 406.30 mg、胡萝卜素380.00μg。泽泻梗蛋白质组成中必需氨基酸/总氨基酸(EAA/TAA)为39.54%、必需氨基酸/非必需氨基酸(EAA/NEAA)为60.46%,鲜味氨基酸占总氨基酸含量的40%以上;其第一限制性氨基酸为含硫氨基酸(蛋氨酸和胱氨酸)。浓度为500μg/m L的泽泻梗水提醇沉物、泽泻梗醇提物的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率分别为43.75%、39.90%。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.