蜂毒素基因的突变与表达及其构效关系研究

为获得保留有抗菌活性而降低溶血活性作用的蜂毒素,对其分子结构进行了改造.其中一条序列缺失Lys-7,另一条缺失Leu-9.用PCR技术获得两条新的蜂毒素基因,将其克隆到酵母表达载体pPICZα-A,获得重组质粒pPICZα-A-Mel1和pPICZα-A-Mel2.将2个重组质粒分别转化毕赤酵母菌GS115.筛选获得重组酵母菌.对重组酵母菌培养条件进行优化,在YEPD中含甘油2%,pH为7,重组酵母菌培养48h后,0.5%的甲醇诱导72h,表达目的蛋白通过Tricion-SDS-PAGE确定分子质量为5.4kD.杀菌效价分别达0.947、1.085.结果表明两条蜂毒素基因成功的在毕赤酵母中表达,经突变后表达的蜂毒素降低了溶血活性,同时保留了抗菌活性.     

解脂耶氏酵母新型表达载体构建及癌基因rho在其中的表达

为了简化解脂耶氏酵母表达载体构建过程、消除抗生素污染,将mel基因(编码酪氨酸酶)作为新型报告基因用于构建新型酵母表达载体,利用组装PCR人工合成基因mel,并用重叠PCR将其与同源组成型强启动子p TEF、分泌性信号肽XPR2pre及强终止区LIP2t融合,构建新型胞外及胞内表达载体,并利用其在解脂耶氏酵母野生菌株中表达人源癌基因rho.成功获得mel全基因并将其与启动子、信号肽和终止区融合,得到融合片段TXML,用其替换原有表达载体的筛选标记基因ura3d4,构建得到新型胞外及胞内表达载体pINA1297-M和pINA1297-a-M,转化后的酵母阳性转化子性状明显,随后利用此新型表达系统获得可溶性异源蛋白Rho.首次实现了将mel作为一种便捷、价廉、无污染的新型筛选标记基因运用于非常规酵母表达系统中,更为mel在其它真核表达系统中的运用奠定了技术基础;获得的可溶性Rho蛋白可为研究其性质、结构、功能及与Rho癌基因家族其它成员的相互作用提供条件.     

抗增殖蛋白在酵母双杂交系统中转录激活作用的检测

目的:检测抗增殖蛋白在酵母双杂交系统中是否具有转录自激活作用。方法:采用PCR方法扩增抗增殖蛋白基因全长序列,构建酵母双杂交系统的诱饵载体pGBKT7-PHB,制备酵母菌AH109感受态细胞,将pGBKT7-PHB转化感受态酵母菌AH109后培养于含缺失培养基的平板上,检测β-半乳糖苷酶活性,判定其是否具有转录自激活作用。结果:扩增出抗增殖蛋白基因全长序列,构建了诱饵载体pGBKT7-PHB,转化酵母菌AH109后在双缺和三缺培养基上未能使β-半乳糖苷酶活性滤纸片变蓝,说明报告基因未被激活。结论:抗增殖蛋白没有转录自激活作用,可用于酵母双杂交系统。     

蜂毒溶血肽(melittin)cDNA在大肠杆菌高表达质粒中的克隆(英文)

本项研究从新羽化的蜜蜂蜂王毒腺中提取了总mRNA,用逆转录的方法,合成了cDNA,并将其克隆到了噬菌体质粒λgtll的EcoRI位点,建立了melittin的cDNA文库。用PCR扩增技术从cDNA文库中产生了长度为87bp的melittin基因,并将其插入到高表达载体pBV220的EcoRI和pstI位点构成重组质粒PBM95,并转化到大肠杆菌JM101的感受态细胞中。经过在含氨苄青霉素的LB平板上对转化子进行筛选和对来自转化子中的重组质粒PBM95的酶切分析及melittin基因的测序,证明melit－tincDNA克隆成功。     

改造后的抗菌肽AD基因在毕赤酵母中表达效价研究

通过PCR方法使抗菌肽AD基因中带有XhoⅠ和XbaⅠ酶切位点序列,再克隆到表达载体pPICZαA中,重组表达载体转化GS115,经重组酵母菌表达的抗菌肽AD,其N端去除了其它氨基酸。对重组抗菌肽培养条件进行优化,在YEPD中含葡萄糖2%,pH为75,重组酵母菌培养30h后,05%甲醇诱导42h,杀菌效价达1843,是改造前的31倍。最后重组抗菌肽经CMcellulose23柱层析得到纯化。     

日本脑炎病毒E蛋白在酵母双杂交系统中的表达及其对报告基因激活作用的检测

用日本脑炎病毒(JEV)E蛋白基因片段构建酵母双杂交诱饵载体,并检测其表达产物对酵母细胞有无毒性作用及对报告基因有无激活作用。用RT—PCR从JEV感染的鼠脑中扩增出JEV E蛋白基因片段,克隆入pUCl9质粒,经测序正确后,再亚克隆入酵母双杂交诱饵载体pGBKT7中。将重组质粒导入酵母菌AHl09,检测其表达产物在酵母细胞中对报告基因有无激活作用。成功获得JEV E蛋白基因片段,表达的E蛋白对酵母菌AHl09无毒性,对报告基因亦无激活作用。为利用酵母双杂交GAL4系统3进行JEV细胞受体蛋白的研究奠定了基础。     

与抗辐射性相关蛋白AA12相互作用蛋白的筛选

将AA12基因克隆入酵母双杂交载体中,转化入酵母菌AH109,Western印迹检测其在酵母中的表达;将转化有AA12基因的酵母菌AH109培养再转化人前列腺cDNA库质粒,检测报告基因的表达情况。Western印迹结果表明AA12可以在酵母菌AH109中表达。共转化子中有2个β-半乳糖苷酶活性分析和d-半乳糖苷酶活性分析结果为阳性的克隆,但测序结果为相同序列。本实验筛选到1个与AA12相互作用的蛋白,此结果为进一步研究新基因AA12的功能奠定了基础。     

Sterptomyces rochei4089的L基因阻断变株的构建及功能研究

运用同源重组技术破坏了一株格尔德霉素产生菌Sterptomyces rochei 4089的L基因,该基因编码氧化还原酶.以Sterptomyces rochei 4089基因组总DNA为模板,PCR扩增AHBA-KLM基因簇,采取Red/ET重组技术,构建L基因阻断质粒pKC1139-KLM-KmR.采用大肠杆菌与链霉菌的结合转移将阻断质粒含AHBA-KLM基因簇和Kan表达单元的3.0 kb线性片段转化Sterptomyces rochei 4089菌株,在卡纳霉素的平板上筛选卡纳霉素抗性转化子,经PCR检测分离到L基因阻断突变菌株.对原、变株的发酵液进行TLC和HPLC分析显示,Sterptomyces rochei 4089基因组中的L基因失活后,导致该菌株不能合成安莎类抗生素格尔德霉素.通过阻断L基因,为筛查这类放线菌产生安莎类抗生素提供了明确的组分指示作用.     

林可链霉菌黑色素生物合成基因的克隆与表达

以pIJ702的melCl－C2基因为探针杂交林可链霉菌（Streptomyceslincolnensis）78－11染色体DNA,呈现出3．2kb的BamHI片段和2．6kb的SphI片段等一系列阳性条带。构建了含3．0～3．5kbBamHI片段的林可链霉菌78-11基因文库,从中分离克隆了黑色素生物合成基因melCl和melC2,并测定了含有mel基因的重组子pRSB336插入片段的全部DNA顺序。3152bpBamHI片段含有5个开放阅读框架,其中melCl和melC2与链霉菌属三个种的相应基因具有较高的同源性。此外,林可链霉菌78－11的melC2基因产物与人和鼠的酪氨酸酶轻微同源,分别为17．3％和24．5％。种种迹象表明,melCl、melC2和orf3组成黑色素生物合成操纵子结构。为了进一步鉴定上述克隆的林可链霉菌78-11黑色素生物合成基因,构建了分别含有新霉素抗性基因启动子和正反方向mel基因的重组质粒pPZ518和pPZ519,并转化变铅青链霉菌TK23。随机挑选的12个pPZ518转化子在R2YE培养基上均能分泌淡褐色色素,而所有的pPZ519和pES1转化子则都呈白色。     

黑曲霉pepD基因阻断突变菌株的构建及功能分析

运用同源重组技术破坏了黑曲霉基因组中的pepD基因,该基因编码一种类subtilisin的胞外蛋白酶PEPD。实验以黑曲霉GICC2773基因组DNA为模板,PCR扩增pepD基因,并在此基因中间插入潮霉素抗性基因(hph)表达单元,由此产生了3.7kb的pepD阻断基因片段。将此阻断基因片段与载体pBS连接,构建成pepD基因阻断质粒pBSDH。采用原生质体-CaCl2/PEG法将酶切阻断质粒得到的含pepD基因和hph表达单元的3.7kb线性片段转化AspergillusnigerGICC2773菌株,在含潮霉素的平板上筛选潮霉素抗性转化子,从这些抗性转化子中经PCR检测分离到到1个pepD基因阻断突变菌株?pepD66。外源漆酶分泌活性分析显示,黑曲霉pepD基因的破坏使其外源漆酶的分泌表达有所提高。     

Expression of the mel gene from Pseudomonas maltophilia in Bacillus thuringiensis

AIMS: The objective of this work was to express a novel mel gene, responsible for melanin formation, in Bacillus thuringiensis. METHODS AND RESULTS: A novel mel gene from Pseudomonas maltophilia was sub-cloned into B. thuringiensis using a shuttle vector plasmid and electroporation. Results revealed that the mel gene was expressed under the control of the CryIIIA promoter in B. thuringiensis and conferred u.v. protection on the recipient strain. CONCLUSIONS: The novel mel gene from Ps. maltophilia expressed in B. thuringiensis conferred u.v. protection on the recipient strain. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Products containing B. thuringiensis for pest control are sensitive to u.v. degradation. As melanin has the ability to act as a u.v. absorber, a recombinant B. thuringiensis strain producing melanin provides a new stability for B. thuringiensis preparations.     

Construction of a Stable alpha-Galactosidase-Producing Baker's Yeast Strain

Molasses is widely used as a substrate for commercial yeast production. The complete hydrolysis of raffinose, which is present in beet molasses, by Saccharomyces strains requires the secretion of alpha-galactosidase, in addition to the secretion of invertase. Raffinose is not completely utilized by commercially available yeast strains used for baking, which are Mel. In this study we integrated the yeast MEL1 gene, which codes for alpha-galactosidase, into a commercial mel baker's yeast strain. The Mel phenotype of the new strain was stable. The MEL1 gene was expressed when the new Mel baker's yeast was grown in molasses medium under conditions similar to those used for baker's yeast production at commercial factories. The alpha-galactosidase produced by this novel baker's yeast strain hydrolyzed all the melibiose that normally accumulates in the growth medium. As a consequence, additional carbohydrate was available to the yeasts for growth. The new strain also produced considerably more alpha-galactosidase than did a wild-type Mel strain and may prove useful for commercial production of alpha-galactosidase.     

大鼠α-酰胺酶在变铅青链霉菌中的克隆及表达研究

α－酰胺酶（α－ａｍｉｄａｓｅ,α－ＡＥ）催化神经和内分泌系统中活性多肽的Ｃ－端酰胺化,多多肽的生物活性至关重要。以大鼠心房组织的总ＲＮＡ为模板,采用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ技术扩增获得编码α－酰胺酶的ｃＤＮＡ,并进行了克隆和测序。为了使α－酰胺酶能在链霉菌中分泌表达,将其ｃＤＮＡ与链霉菌酷氮酶酶（ｍｅｌＣ１）信号的编码序列融合得到融合ｍｅｌ／ＡＥ,将ｍｅｌ／ＡＥ插入链霉菌质粒ｐＩＪ６８０,获得重组质粒ｐＩＪ     

Nucleotide sequence of the melA gene, coding for alpha-galactosidase in Escherichia coli K-12.

Melibiose uptake and hydrolysis in E.coli is performed by the MelB and MelA proteins, respectively. We report the cloning and sequencing of the melA gene. The nucleotide sequence data showed that melA codes for a 450 amino acid long protein with a molecular weight of 50.6 kd. The sequence data also supported the assumption that the mel locus forms an operon with melA in proximal position. A comparison of MelA with alpha-galactosidase proteins from yeast and human origin showed that these proteins have only limited homology, the yeast and human proteins being more related. However, regions common to all three proteins were found indicating sequences that might comprise the active site of alpha-galactosidase.