黑龙江齐齐哈尔洪河遗址出土的骨器

骨器研究是近年来动物考古学研究的重要课题之一,自1930年梁思永发现昂昂溪遗址的骨质工具以来,骨器正在成为学界研究嫩江流域史前经济形态的重要依据。2013、2014、2015和2017年黑龙江省文物考古研究所对洪河遗址进行了全面发掘,主要遗存归属于新石器时代晚期和青铜时代,除陶器、石制品和青铜器等,还出土了大量骨器,器类丰富,更有多种以往未曾见过的器类。本文通过对该遗址四个年度出土的343件骨制品进行全面介绍和梳理,分析该遗址骨器制作的工艺水平和生产变化,为进一步探讨该遗址乃至嫩江流域史前的生业模式提供重要线索。     

王府井东方广场遗址骨制品研究

王府井东方广场遗址不仅出土了丰富的石制品,而且也含有较为丰富的骨制品。骨制品可分为骨核、人工骨块、骨片、骨屑和骨器五大类;骨片约占骨制品总数一半;骨器包括刮削器、尖头器、雕刻器和骨铲四类。观察发现：79件骨制品和骨骼可以拼合成33组,45件上有古人类砍砸、切割或刻划的痕迹。丰富的骨制品进一步反映了王府井古人类文化的进步性;同华北地区类似制品比较,它们之间存在着密切的渊源关系。遗物分布特征表明,东方广场遗址是一处古人类的临时居住地。出土的石器、骨器遗物以及大量的动物骨骼化石表明,王府井古人类不仅能够制作石器与骨器用来宰杀与支解猎物,而且具有用火、控火进行烹饪的能力。     

贵州普定白岩脚洞旧石器时代遗址

白岩脚洞旧石器时代遗址位于贵州省普定县西南约9公里。1978年发现。1979、1982和1984年先后三次工作的结果,共获得石制品1000多件、动物化石22种、骨器2件。与文化遗物伴出的化石为大熊猫—剑齿象动物群。碳-14年代为距今12080±200年(第3层)和距今14630±200年(第5层)。     

泥河湾盆地南山边遗址发现的旧石器

南山边遗址位于泥河湾盆地东缘、大田洼台地北缘,于2013年的旧石器调查中发现。随后的试掘中,出土石制品38件,动物化石3件,石制品包括石核、石片、刮削器、残片、断块等,属于中国北方以小石制品为主的主工业类型。石制品位于泥河湾层中下部,根据地层对比,与大长梁地点、小长梁遗址、照坡遗址、葡萄园遗址等属于同一层位,时代相同,由此在台地北缘形成一处面积广阔、时代接近、分布集中的遗址区,为探讨早更新世古人类的活动范围、栖居模式、遗址功能分析等提供有益线索。     

广西百色公篓遗址石制品的初步研究

公篓遗址位于广西百色市田阳县境内, 地处百色盆地右江南岸第四级阶地, 地理坐标为23°45.568'N, 106°42.210'E。该遗址最早发现于上世纪八十年代, 当时采集石制品88件, 是百色盆地较早发现的一处旧石器时代遗址; 2010年我们对遗址进行复查时又采集石制品14件, 本文对两次采集的石制品进行了分析。石制品类型有石核、石片、砍砸器、手镐、刮削器、手斧和断块, 其中砍砸器数量最多; 原料来源于遗址附近第四级阶地的砾石层, 有石英岩、硅质岩、石英、粉砂岩、细砂岩和角砾岩6种, 以石英岩为主; 石制品以大型和中型为主, 也有一定数量的小型石制品; 剥片和修理方法主要为锤击法。根据地貌和地层可以判断该遗址年代为中更新世早期。     

石人沟林场旧石器地点试掘报告

2007年8月, 对吉林延边和龙石人沟旧石器遗址周边进行考古调查时, 在石人沟林场东北的红旗河第2级阶地发现了该地点, 并进行了试掘, 面积为69m2。共获116件石制品, 其中出土86件, 采集30件。石制品包括石核、石片、细石叶、工具、断块及废片。根据地层堆积、石制品特征组合及与周边旧石器遗址对比分析, 推测该遗址的地质年代为晚更新世晚期。     

丹江口库区水牛洼旧石器遗址发掘简报

水牛洼遗址位于湖北省丹江口市均县镇关门岩村,是汉水流域一处同时具有旧石器早期与晚期文化层的重要遗址。2010年3~4月间,吉林大学边疆考古研究中心对该遗址进行了发掘,揭露面积675m2,共获石制品301件,类型包括石核、石片、断块及工具等。地貌和地层对比显示,遗址年代大致为中更新世至晚更新世晚期。遗址可分为上、下两个文化层。上文化层出土石制品246件,属晚更新世;下文化层出土石制品55件,处于中更新世。下文化层石制品特点显示了中国南方砾石石器工业的特点,而上文化层却出现了中国北方石片石器工业的文化因素。     

山东日照黄泥梁遗址2012年调查与试掘

2012年在日照黄泥梁遗址的调查、试掘工作中共获得石制品75件,其中试掘出土者71件,地表采集者4件。试掘石制品埋藏于黄土地层的古土壤层中,石制品个体较小,原料以闪长玢岩和脉石英为主,类型包括石核、石片、石器、断块等,属石片石器工业组合;地表石制品原料主要为燧石,类型有细石核、细石叶、端刮器等,属细石器工业组合。本次的调查、试掘确认了黄泥梁遗址的原地埋藏属性,肯定了遗址的发掘潜力和研究价值。黄泥梁遗址的发现和研究将推动山东旧石器考古研究的进展。     

黑龙江五常学田旧石器文化遗址的初步研究

1986年在黑龙江省五常县学田村附近发掘两个含化石地点,出土了人化石2件、骨器2件、石制品3件、有打击痕迹的碎骨多件和大量哺乳动物化石。依初步研究,其时代为旧石器时代晚期。     

山西榆社细石器遗存

注入渤海的海河水系上游山西省榆社县新发现两处旧石器时代晚期遗址,出土２００多件石制品和２件装饰品。石制品中含典型的细石器。遗物分布在河流阶地砂砾层中。骨化石＾１４Ｃ测定文化遗址的年代为距今１万多年前。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒研究进展

传染性法氏囊病(Infection bursal disease, IBD)是由鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus, IBDV)引起的鸡和火鸡的一种高度接触性传染病,给世界各国的禽养殖业带来了巨大损失.自IBDV发现至今新的变异株不断出现,分子结构的改变导致病毒致病力的改变及宿主对疫苗应答的改变,使得传统的疫苗已不能控制其流行,因此各国学者对其基因组结构和功能进行了广泛深入的研究,并积极研制新型有效的疫苗以达到防治的目的.     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.