羊胎盘免疫调节活性因子(SPIF-Ⅰ)的分离纯化和鉴定研究

为探讨研究羊胎盘的活性组分,将羊胎盘绞碎通过匀浆、冻融、超虑等步骤制备羊胎盘提取液,经Sephadex G-50和Sephadex G-25凝胶过滤、Sephadex G-10凝胶柱脱盐,反相高效液相色谱纯化出单一组分并进行理化性质、生物活性初步研究.结果得到紫外特征吸收峰为273nm、分子质量为303.8的羊胎盘免疫调节活性因子-Ⅰ(Sheep placental immunoreglating activity factor-Ⅰ,SPIF-Ⅰ).体外生物学活性试验证明,SPIF-Ⅰ能显著影响小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖分裂,具有明显的剂量-效应依赖关系.SPIF-Ⅰ是羊胎盘提取液中一种具有免疫调节的小分子活性多肽.     

普通离子交换剂用于HPLC柱层析法快速分离眼镜王蛇毒

目的　为了经济快速分离眼镜王蛇(Ophiophagushannah,Oh)蛇毒中的毒素成分。　方法　用普通离子交换剂于高效液相色谱柱 (HPLC) TSKgel SP-Toyopearl 65 0 SF (4× 1 5 0 mm)层析法 ,实验取得最佳分离条件后 ,将蛇毒样品上柱后进行梯度洗脱 ,各洗脱峰收集后在 Cosmosil 5 C4-AR-3 0 0柱 (4 .6× 1 5 0 mm)上进行逆相 HPLC分析。非单峰组分再进行 HPLC凝胶过滤柱TSKgel Toyopearl HW-40 Fine(4× 2 5 0 mm)层析 ,层析峰组分再进行 HPLC逆相分析。　结果　眼镜王蛇毒经HPLC离子交换柱层析获得了 1 6个蛋白组分 ,其中有 5个组分经逆相 HPLC分析单一组分 ;另外的复合性组分再进行 HPLC凝胶过滤柱层析后又得到 5个单峰蛋白组分。　结论　HPLC离子交换柱层析对分离蛇毒蛋白很有实用价值 ,特别是蛇毒样品量少的情况下 (1 0 ug)也能较好分离。还具有分离时间短 (1 h左右 ) ,无须低温条件等优点。HPLC凝胶过滤柱层析可进一步使蛋白组分得到提纯     

苦楝果多糖的分离纯化及组成分析

利用水提醇沉法提取苦楝果实中的多糖,经DEAE-52柱层析分离,得到MP1、MP2和MP3三个多糖组分,用Sephadex G-100凝胶色谱柱对MP1进行纯化鉴定,结果显示为单一峰。借助气质联用仪,对苦楝粗多糖和组分MP1进行了成分分析。红外光谱分析表明苦楝多糖的单糖残基以吡喃环和呋喃环的形式存在。     

王不留行中抗人微血管内皮细胞增殖的有效组分的分离和纯化

从中药王不留行中筛选具有抑制内皮细胞增殖的有效单一组分.大孔树脂吸附法进行总皂甙的分离纯化,分别收集不同浓度乙醇溶液洗脱液用SRB法进行细胞活性检测,选择有效部分用AKTA Resource柱分离,按紫外吸收峰收集洗脱液并进行活性验证,通过蒸发光散射检测组分复杂程度,选择活性高、丰度大、成份简单的峰进行C18柱分离.结果表明,王不留行提取液经大孔树脂分离和细胞活性检测发现50%～90%醇浓度洗脱液具有细胞活性,经AKTAResource柱分离得7种组份群(0～6),细胞活性测得3～6号组分有活性,选择4号组分过C18柱得5组分(A～E),B组分为有紫外吸收的主峰,但无细胞活性,其活性分布于D和E组分中,其IC50值为3.75 ug/ml,D组分经蒸发光散射检测为单峰.经上述方法分离纯化获得抑制人微血管内皮细胞增殖的单一组分群,其单一化合物具有潜在的利用价值.     

中国东方铃蟾(Bombina orientalis)皮肤中C_(-12-b)肽的分离与鉴定

东方铃蟾鲜皮的甲醇提取液,可引起大鼠离体平滑肌的收缩。此液经碱性氧化铝柱层析分离,其80%乙醇洗脱的 C 组分显示生物活性。C 组分再经葡聚糖凝胶 G-15柱分离,其活性较强的早期洗脱组分 C_(_12),可被糜蛋白酶水解灭活,但其活性并不被5-HT 拮抗剂赛庚啶[2×10~(-6)mol/L]完全拮抗。继用反相高效液相色谱(RP-HPLC)分析,见分离出的 C_(_12_h)峰与铃蟾肽~*(Bombesin,BBS)的出峰时间相同,且具相同的氨基酸组成。上述实验结果提示,C_(_12_h)肽可能就是铃蟾肽。     

金属螯合亲和层析纯化金属硫蛋白

将二价铜离子螯合在Chelating Sepharose Fast Flow凝胶上制成亲和层析柱,锌诱导兔肝和镉诱导小鼠肝经匀浆、乙醇处理后上柱,用pH4.0的醋酸盐缓冲液平衡,再用pH5.2不同浓度的醋酸盐缓冲液分别洗脱,可得两个金属硫蛋白(MT)洗脱峰,经确定先后为MT-2和MT-1.分离方法比传统的凝胶过滤-离子交换法简单、省时,适于实验室规模分离纯化.     

霍山铁皮石斛糖蛋白的制备及抗氧化活性

以霍山铁皮石斛枫斗为试验材料,经脱脂脱色、0.3 mol/L盐溶液浸提、Sevage法脱蛋白、硫酸铵分级沉淀、透析、聚乙二醇10 000浓缩、冷冻干燥得到粗品;经SDS-PAGE电泳、DEAE 52离子柱和Sephadex G-100凝胶柱分离纯化得到糖蛋白并测定其抗氧化活性。SDS-PAGE电泳显示硫酸铵饱和度越大,盐析作用越强,糖蛋白条带越明显,糖蛋白分子量在6.62×10~4附近;DEAE 52离子柱和Sephadex G-100凝胶柱逐步分离纯化得到2个组分的糖蛋白GP1和GP2;分光光度法测定GP1和GP2中糖蛋白含量分别约为95%和87%;抗氧化结果表明,霍山铁皮石斛糖蛋白具有较强的还原能力且可有效地清除自由基·DPPH、·OH和·O~-_2。     

小鼠颌下腺表皮生长因子的分离、纯化与鉴定

雄性成年小鼠颌下腺醋酸提取物经Bio-Gel p-10凝胶层析可得七个色谱峰,经放射受体结合及放射免疫分析后,证实第七峰的EGF比活性最高。收集该组分,再经Sephadex G-10层析及DEAE-52离子交换层析,可得纯化的EGF样品。SDS-PAGE证明样品的分子量为6 000。RRA,RIA结果表明,样品与标准mEGF具有相同的受体结合活性及抗原性。生物学研究证明样品可以促进新生鼠睁眼和萌牙,刺激成纤维细胞DNA的生物合成。     

羊栖菜中褐藻糖胶的组分分离及分析

为了确定羊栖菜褐藻糖胶中的活性组分 ,用分子量结合硫酸化程度的分级方法将其分成不同组分。经热水抽提的羊栖菜多糖 ,将去除褐藻胶、海带淀粉后剩余的褐藻糖胶经过DEAE—Sepharose离子交换色谱柱和Sepharose 4B凝胶层析柱被分成 5个褐藻糖胶组分。 5个组分中硫酸基和岩藻糖近似的分子数量之比分别为 1.863、0 .0 68、1.2 2 9、1.62 9,1.0 10 ;平均分子量分别为 2 .0× 10 4 、2 .2× 10 4 、8.2× 10 4 、2 1.4× 10 4 、32 .0× 10 4 ;百分含量分别为 8.6%、2 2 .9%、4 8.5 %、5 .7%、14.3%。     

金环蛇(Bungarus fasciatus Schneider)蛇毒的研究——Ⅰ.金环蛇蛇毒毒性组分的分离纯化与鉴定

金环蛇毒经羧甲基-葡聚糖凝胶C-50柱层析分离为几个主峰,其中Ⅷ、Ⅹ、ⅩⅢ、ⅩⅣ、ⅩⅤ及ⅩⅥ六个峰为主要致死成分。在大白鼠膈神经-膈肌及其他神经肌肉标本上用电生理方法检测蛋白含量较高的Ⅹ_2、ⅩⅢ_2、ⅩⅣ_2及ⅩⅥ_1峰的作用,观察它们对微终板电位、终板电位及肌膜电位的影响。此外,还检测它们的离体去神经肌肉标本对乙酰胆碱敏感性的影响。实验结果提示,ⅩⅣ_2峰及ⅩⅥ_1峰中含有作用于突触后的神经毒性组分,ⅩⅢ_2峰中含有细胞毒性组分,X_2峰中含有细胞毒性及突触前神经毒性作用组分。再经Bio Rex-70柱层析后,从ⅩⅢ_2峰中纯化得一个细胞毒素,从ⅩⅣ_2峰中纯化得一个突触后神经毒素,它们在8M 尿素聚丙烯酰胺凝胶圆盘电泳中呈单一区带。凝胶过滤法测得该细胞毒索的分子量为13200、神经毒素的分子量为7,900。细胞毒素的小白鼠静脉注射最小致死量为4.1微克/克,神经毒素为0.16微克/克。     

白蚁与动物及微生物的共生类型及其机制

综述了白蚁螱客的主要种类、共生关系及相关机制的研究进展。白蚁螱客中,已报道的动物种类达170种。在与动物的共生关系中存在偏利共生（宾主共栖和异种共栖）、互利共生和无关共生三种;在与微生物的共生关系中,存在与内生菌（原生动物、细菌、真菌和放线菌）和外生菌（蚁巢伞菌等）间的互利关系。指出了白蚁与螱客研究中存在的问题,给出了解决方案,并提出了今后可能的研究热点或方向,为白蚁的综合利用（如纤维素酶）及今后研究物种间的协同进化提供了基础资料。     

Relative and combined effects of ethanol and protein deficiency on strontium and barium bone content and fecal and urinary excretion

To elucidate accumulation of minerals in human iliac arteries with aging, the content of minerals was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Bilateral common, internal, and external iliac arteries of 16 men and 8 women, ranging ages from 65 to 93 yr, were examined. It was found that an extremely high accumulation of calcium and phosphorus occurred in the common iliac artery at old age, being higher than that of the internal and external iliac arteries. It should be noted that the accumulation of calcium and phosphorus is the highest in the common iliac artery among the human arteries examined to date. Regarding sexual differences, the content of calcium and phosphorus in the common and internal iliac arteries was higher in women than in men, whereas their content in the external iliac artery was lower in women than in men.     

New amino-dithiaphospholanes and phosphoramidodithioites and their rhodium and iridium complexes

New sulfur derivatives of phosphoramidite ligands were synthesized and the impact of the sulfur unit on the spectroscopic properties of their rhodium and iridium complexes was investigated. The new ligands Bn₂NPSCH₂CH₂S^a(P-S^a) (Bn = benzyl, 4), Bn₂NPSCHCHS^a(CH₂)₃C^aH₂(P-S^a)(C^a-S^a) (6) and Bn₂NP(4-XC₆H₄OMe)₂ (X = S, 7a; X = O, 7b) were converted to the rhodium and iridium complexes trans-[Rh(CO)Cl(L)₂] (L = 4, 6, 7), [RhCl(COD)(L)] (L = 4, 6, 7), [IrCl(COD)(7a)] and [IrCl₂Cp∗(6)]. For comparison, some phosphoramidite complexes of these formulations also were synthesized. The new metal complexes were spectroscopically analyzed. For the carbonyl complexes, the ν_CO IR stretching frequencies were lower than for the corresponding phosphite and phosphoramidite ligands. The ¹J_PRh coupling constants for the rhodium complexes with the new ligands were also smaller than for the respective phosphoramidite and phosphite complexes. Finally, the ¹J_PSe coupling constants of the selenides of the new ligands were lower than those of the phosphoramidite ligands but higher than for PPh₃. The spectroscopic data reveal that the new thio ligands 4, 6 and 7a are more electron donating than phosphites and phosphoramidites but less electron donating than PPh₃.     

Astrocytes and Synaptosomes Transport and Metabolize Lactate and Acetate Differently

Astrocytes transport the monocarboxylate acetate, but synaptosomes do not. The reason for this is unknown, because both preparations express monocarboxylate transporters (MCT). The transport and metabolism of lactate, another monocarboxylate, was examined in these two preparations, and the results were compared to those for acetate. Lactate transport is more rapid in astrocytes than in synaptosomes, but of lower affinity (Kms of 17 and 4 mM, respectively). Lactate (0.2 mM) is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in synaptosomes than in astrocytes (rates of 0.37 and 0.07 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). The reason for this is unclear, but cellular differences in lactate dehydrogenase isotype expression may be involved. Acetate is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in astrocytes than in synaptosomes (rates of 0.43 and 0.02 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). This is likely due to cellular differences in the expression of monocarboxylate transporter subtypes.     

Rapporteur report: Basics and technology and metrology and standards

The first and second sessions of the Workshop focussed on the basics of ultrasound and infrasound, their applications in both industry and medicine, and metrology and protection standards for ultrasound applications.     

Prostaglandin and thromboxane production by human and guinea-pig macrophages and leucocytes

The ability of partially purified human and guinea-pig haematogenous cell populations, when cultured in vitro, to metabolise arachidonic acid (AA) has been studied. Supernatants from 24 hour cell culture have been subjected to analysis for products of AA metabolism by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection.The cell types studied were human peripheral blood monocytes (both glass adherent and non-adherent), neutrophils, eosinophils and leukemic leucocytes; thoracic duct lymphocytes and lung alveolar macrophages. From the guinea-pig, induced and non-induced macrophage or neutrophil enriched peritoneal exudate populations, lymph node cells, peritoneal eosinophils and peripheral blood platelets were examined. Supernatants were assayed for the presence of PGE₂, PGD₂, PGF_2α, TXB₂ and 6-keto-PGF_1α. In all types studied PGE₂ and TXB₂ were the major products formed. The identification of PGE₂ and TXB₂ was confirmed by GC/MS with multiple ion monitoring.The results have been compared with other reports and their possible significance discussed in relation to the proposed role of prostaglandins as mediators and modulators in immunopathology.     

Cytoskeleton and mitochondrial morphology and function

It has been well established that the cytoskeleton is an essential modulator of cell morphology and motility, intracytoplasmic transport and mitosis, however cytoskeletal linkage to the organelles has not been unequivocally demonstrated. Indeed, cytoskeleton appears to be essential in determining and modulating gene phenotype as a function of cellular environment. According to recent studies, the organization of the cytoskeleton network together with associated protein(s) could be essential in regulating mitochondrial function and particularly the permeability of the mitochondrial outer membrane to ADP. The aim of this chapter is to summarize the main properties of the cytoskeletal environment of mitochondria and the possible role(s) of this network in mitochondrial function in myocytes.     

Cross-reactivity between storage and dust mites and between mites and shrimp

Many patients have sensitivities to multiple species of storage and house dust mites. It is not clear if this is because patients have multiple sensitivities to species-specific mite allergens or if these mites share many cross-reacting allergens. Our objective was to further define the cross-allergenicity between several species of storage and house dust mites using crossed-immunoelectrophoresis (CIE), crossed-radioimmunoelectrophoresis (CRIE), immunoblotting, and ELISA. CIE and CRIE reactions revealed that storage mites shared two cross-antigenic molecules and one of these bound IgE in a serum pool from mite allergic patients. Antibody in anti-sera built to each species of mite recognized many SDS–PAGE resolved proteins of other mite species and this suggested the potential for other cross-reactive allergens. Among patient sera, IgE bound to many different proteins but few had IgE that bound to a protein with common molecular weights across the mite species and this suggested mostly species-specific allergens. Antiserum built to each mite species precipitated one protein in shrimp extracts that bound anti-Der p 10 (tropomyosin) and IgE in the serum pool. Anti-Der p 10 showed strong binding to shrimp tropomyosin but very little to any of the mite proteins. ELISA showed the mite extracts contained very little tropomyosin. The storage and dust mites investigated contain mostly species-specific allergens and very small amounts of the pan-allergen tropomyosin compared to shrimp and snail.