冬春季西北印度洋鸢乌贼角质颚外部形态及生长特性

角质颚是头足类重要的硬组织之一,被广泛用于研究头足类渔业生态学及资源评估等。根据2019年冬春季(2—5月)中国灯光罩网渔船于西北印度洋海域采集的1009条鸢乌贼样本,对其角质颚外部形态生长特征开展了研究。主成分分析表明,上头盖长(UHL)、上脊突长(UCL)、上侧壁长(ULWL)、下脊突长(LCL)、下翼长(LWL)和下侧壁长(LLWL)可作为角质颚外形变化特征指标。协方差分析表明,除UCL外所有外形特征参数与胴长(ML)的关系以及所有外形特征参数与体重(BW)的关系在性别间均存在显著性差异。根据方程拟合和赤池信息准则(AIC),雌雄个体的LCL、UCL与胴长的关系均最适合用线性函数拟合;雌性个体的UHL、LWL与胴长的关系最适合用幂函数拟合,而ULWL和LLWL与胴长的关系则最适合用线性函数拟合;雄性个体的ULWL与胴长的关系最适合用幂函数表示,UHL、LLWL和LWL与胴长的关系则最适合用对数函数表示。雌性个体所有特征参数与体重的关系均最适合用幂函数拟合;雄性个体除ULWL与体重的关系最适合用幂函数拟合外,其余均最适合用对数函数拟合。特征参数及其与胴长和体重生长方程的确定,为后续利用角质颚研究印度洋鸢乌贼渔业生态学及资源评估提供了科学依据。     

西北印度洋鸢乌贼角质颚外形变化的影响因素

根据2019年冬春季(2—5月)中国灯光罩网渔船在西北印度洋生产调查期间采集的1009尾鸢乌贼样本,分析了其角质颚外部形态变化的影响因素。结果表明: 角质颚外形特征参数在不同性别、不同胴长组和不同性腺成熟度间均存在显著差异。胴长组201～250 mm以及雌性个体性腺成熟度Ⅱ期和雄性个体性腺成熟度Ⅲ期的各特征参数增幅达到峰值。除上翼长与上脊突长比值(UWL/UCL)和下头盖长与下脊突长比值(LHL/LCL)存在性别间显著差异外,其余特征参数与脊突长的比值均无性别间显著差异,各特征参数与脊突长的比值在不同性腺成熟度、不同胴长组间也无显著差异,比值保持稳定,表明角质颚各区域生长保持一致。研究表明,201～250 mm可能是西北印度洋鸢乌贼角质颚外部形态在胴长上的生长拐点,雌性个体性腺成熟度Ⅱ期和雄性个体性腺成熟度Ⅲ期可能对应角质颚外部形态在性腺成熟度上的生长拐点。     

北太平洋两个柔鱼群体角质颚形态及生长特征

根据2011年5—11月我国鱿钓船在北太平洋海域(150°E—176°W)采集的渔获物样本,对柔鱼两个群体各项角质颚外部形态和生长进行分析。结果表明,角质颚参数值雌性均大于雄性,冬春生群体雌雄参数值间差异要大于秋生群体;角质颚各项参数值中,上头盖长(Upper Hood length,UHL)、上脊突长(Upper Crest length,UCL)、下脊突长(Lower crest length,LCL)、下翼长(Lower Wing length,LWL)与胴长、体重分别呈线性和指数关系(P0.01)。主成分分析认为,秋生群体雌、雄个体角质颚第一主成分因子均为UCL/ML,第二主成分因子均为UWL/ML,冬春生群体雌、雄个体角质颚第一主成分因子分别ULWL/ML和LLWL/ML,第二主成分分别与URW/ML和LRL/ML,这些这成分因子代表了角质颚水平和垂直方向上的生长特征。两个群体的雌性个体角质颚形态上存在显著差异,但雄性个体间差异不显著。方差分析(ANOVA)表明,2个群体不同胴长组间的角质颚形态均存在着显著差异(P0.01);LSD法分析认为,除了秋生群体雌性个体上头盖长、上喙长、下头盖长、下喙宽在胴长组250 mm和250—300 mm间不存在差异外,其他组之间均有着显著差异(P0.01)。同一群体不同性腺成熟度等级间的柔鱼角质颚形态存在显著差异(P0.01),但性成熟度为Ⅰ期和Ⅱ期时2个群体角质颚各项形态指标均存在显著差异(P0.01),而性成熟度Ⅲ期时则不存在差异(P0.05)。研究认为,不同群体的柔鱼角质颚形态及生长特征均存在着一定差异。     

阿根廷滑柔鱼两个群体间耳石和角质颚的形态差异

头足类硬组织具有稳定的形态特征、良好的信息储存以及抗腐蚀性等特点。根据2007年2—5月和2010年1—3月我国鱿钓船采集的阿根廷滑柔鱼样品,提取出625对耳石和787对角质颚,测量耳石10个形态数据和角质颚12个形态数据,通过除以胴长(Mantle Length,ML)校正后,对南巴塔哥尼亚群体(South Patagonic Stock,SPS)和布宜诺斯艾利斯-巴塔哥尼亚群体(Bonaerensis-Northpatagonic Stock,BNS)形态差异进行分析,并建立不同群体的判别函数。结果表明,BNS群体耳石和角质颚外形参数雌性大于雄性,而SPS群体则为雄性大于雌性。均数差异性检验认为,同一群体不同性别的耳石总长(Total StatolithLength,TSL)、最大宽度(Maximum Width,MW)、侧区长(Lateral Dome Length,LDL)、翼区长(Wing Length,WL)、翼区宽(WingWidth,WW)存在显著差异(P<0.05),同性别不同群体的MW、背侧区长(Dorsal Lateral Length,DLL)、吻侧区长(RostrumLateral Length,RLL)和WW存在显著差异(P<0.05)。而同一群体不同性别间角质颚的上头盖长(Upper Hood length,UHL)、上脊突长(Upper Crest length,UCL)、上喙长(Upper Rostrum length,URL)、上喙宽(Upper rostrum width,URW)、上侧壁长(UpperLateral wall length,ULWL)、下喙长(Lower Rostrum length,LRL)存在显著差异(P<0.01),同一性别不同群体角质颚的下头盖长(Lower Hood length,LHL)、下脊突长(Lower crest length,LCL)、LRL、下喙宽(Lower Rostrum width,LRW)、下侧壁长(LowerLateral wall length,LLWL)、下翼长(Lower Wing length,LWL)存在显著差异(P<0.01)。耳石形态参数经主成分分析,认为BNS群体雌雄的主成分因子主要集中在TSL/ML、DLL/ML、RW/ML和MW/ML,SPS群体主要集中于TSL/ML、RW/ML、WW/ML和DDL/ML;角质颚形态参数经主成分分析,认为BNS群体主成分因子主要集中在UHL/ML、UCL/ML、ULWL/ML和LRW/ML,SPS群体主要集中在UHL/ML、UCL/ML、ULWL/ML、URL/ML、LWL/ML和LRL/ML。利用角质颚和耳石对两群体样本分性别建立了判别函数,判别正确率均高于60%,所划分群体在部分形态指标上差异明显,具有一定的可信度。今后应加强样本采集个体大小和时间跨度,以更好的分析其群体变化规律。     

日本海舍氏贝乌贼角质颚形态特征分析

角质颚作为头足类的摄食器官,蕴含丰富的生态信息。根据2018年中国鱿钓船在日本海采集的303尾舍氏贝乌贼（Berryteuthis magister shevtsovi）样本,对其角质颚形态特征进行了分析。主成分分析显示,上头盖长、上喙长和上喙宽可解释舍氏贝乌贼上颚形态特征80.71%的信息,选为上颚的外形表征参数,下头盖长、下脊突长和下喙长可解释形态特征81.57%的信息,选为下颚的外形表征参数。协方差分析表明,舍氏贝乌贼角质颚外形表征参数与胴长和体重的关系均不存在性别间显著性差异。方程拟合和赤池信息准则结果表明,上头盖长与胴长的生长关系最适合用线性方程表示,而上喙长、上喙宽、下头盖长、下脊突长和下喙长与胴长的生长关系均最适用对数方程表示。上头盖长与体重的生长关系最适合用线性方程表示,而上喙长、上喙宽、下头盖长、下脊突长、下喙长与体重的生长关系均最适用对数方程表示。表征参数及其与胴长（或体重）关系式的确定,为后续利用角质颚外形进行种群鉴定和资源评估打下了基础。     

舍氏贝乌贼耳石外部形态生长特性

耳石是头足类重要的硬组织之一,被广泛应用在头足类渔业生物学、生态学研究中。根据2018年12月中国鱿钓船在日本海采集的261尾舍氏贝乌贼(Berryteuthis magister shevtsovi)样本,对其耳石外部形态生长特性进行了研究。主成分分析表明,耳石总长(TSL)、翼区长(WL)、吻侧区长(RLL)和最大宽度(MW)可以作为舍氏贝乌贼耳石外形变化的表征参数。协方差分析表明,舍氏贝乌贼耳石的表征参数与胴长及体质量的生长关系均不存在性别间显著性差异。赤池信息准则分析表明：TSL和WL与胴长的生长关系最适合用线性生长方程表示,RLL与胴长的生长关系最适合用幂函数生长方程表示,MW与胴长的生长关系则最适合用对数生长方程表示;TSL和MW与体质量的生长关系最适合用线性生长方程表示,WL与体质量的生长关系最适合用幂函数生长方程表示,而RLL与体质量的生长关系则最适合用对数生长方程表示。舍氏贝乌贼耳石绝对尺寸随着胴长增加而逐渐增大,但耳石各外部形态参数的相对尺寸基本不变。     

西北印度洋鸢乌贼角质颚色素沉积特性分析

角质颚是头足类主要的摄食器官,蕴含着大量渔业生态学信息。根据2019年3至5月中国灯光罩网渔船在西北印度洋海域采集的1 009尾鸢乌贼（Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis）样本,对其角质颚色素沉积等级进行了划分和判定,分析了色素沉积等级与胴长、体重、性腺成熟度和角质颚形态参数的关系。结果显示,3至5月西北印度洋鸢乌贼角质颚色素沉积等级以2级为主,占总样本的33.87%,色素沉积等级总体上随着月份的增加而增加。鸢乌贼角质颚的色素沉积与胴长、体重和性腺成熟度的关系均存在性别间显著性差异（P < 0.05）,总体而言雌性个体的沉积速度快于雄性个体。角质颚色素沉积等级与胴长、体重和角质颚外部形态参数均呈正相关,并且都随着性腺成熟度的增加而增加。本研究开展了西北印度洋鸢乌贼角质颚色素沉积研究,确立了鸢乌贼色素沉积等级与胴长、体重、性腺成熟度和角质颚形态参数的关系,并拟合了相关生长方程,为进一步研究鸢乌贼的渔业生态学及合理开发该资源提供了科学依据。     

中国南海西沙群岛海域鸢乌贼角质颚色素沉积变化

角质颚是头足类的主要摄食器官,蕴藏着大量的渔业生物学及生态学信息。根据2017年5—8月中国灯光罩网渔船于中国南海西沙群岛海域采集的860尾鸢乌贼样本,对其角质颚色素沉积等级进行了划分和判定,研究了鸢乌贼角质颚色素沉积等级变化与胴长、体质量、净重、性腺成熟度和角质颚外部形态参数等因子的关系。结果表明:鸢乌贼的角质颚色素沉积变化存在性别间显著性差异(P0.05),雌性个体角质颚色素沉积速度快于雄性;色素沉积等级与胴长、体质量和净重均呈正相关,并随着性腺成熟度的增加而增加;雄性个体角质颚下颚除翼长外,其余各部色素沉积的速度均快于上颚各部;雌性个体上颚各部色素沉积速度均快于下颚。本研究为后续利用角质颚研究鸢乌贼渔业生物学和对该资源的有效开发及科学管理提供了基础。     

不同气候年间西北印度洋鸢乌贼渔业生物学比较

文章根据2019年(厄尔尼诺)和2020年(正常)相同月份(2—5月)中国灯光罩网渔船在西北印度洋采集的1896尾鸢乌贼(Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis),对不同气候年间西北印度洋鸢乌贼渔业生物学特性进行了对比研究。结果表明,两年间雌性个体胴长分别为129—347和284—582 mm,优势胴长组分别为171—220和481—530 mm;雄性个体胴长分别为138—273和94—235 mm,优势胴长组均为171—220 mm; 2019年胴长及优势胴长均大于2020年,其中雌性个体差异最大。不同气候年间鸢乌贼体重与胴长的关系存在性别间显著性差异,除2020年雄性样本胴长与体重的关系最适用指数函数表示外,其余胴长与体重的关系均最适用幂函数表示。两年间样本的雌雄性别比分别为1.5﹕1和1.3﹕1,性腺成熟度组成也不相同,雌性个体2019年多处于未成熟阶段(Ⅰ期和Ⅱ期), 2020年则多处于成熟阶段(Ⅲ期和Ⅳ期);雄性个体2019年多处于未成熟阶段(Ⅱ期)和成熟阶段(Ⅲ期), 2020年多处于成熟阶段(Ⅲ期和Ⅳ期)。不同气候年间西北印度洋鸢乌贼个体日龄组成和孵化群体也...     

日本海舍氏贝乌贼内壳的生长特性北大核心CSCD

内壳可完整记录头足类的生活信息,是研究头足类年龄与生长的良好载体。根据2018年12月中国鱿钓船在日本海采集的261尾舍氏贝乌贼(Berryteuthis magter shevtsovi)样本,研究了其内壳长、叶轴长与个体生长的关系,尾锥宽、翼部最大宽度与性腺成熟度的关系以及叶轴、翼部和尾锥的生长特性。结果显示,舍氏贝乌贼内壳长和叶轴长均与胴长具有线性关系(R^(2)>0.76),与体重具有幂函数关系(R^(2)>0.77);尾锥宽和翼部最大宽度均在性腺成熟度达到Ⅲ期后增长明显。舍氏贝乌贼内壳叶轴和翼部生长速率基本相同,且远大于尾锥的生长速率。研究表明,舍氏贝乌贼内壳可用于分析个体生长,尤其在其胴体遭到损伤时更为重要,内壳宽度生长主要在个体性成熟之后。     

Beak length analysis of arrow squidNototodarus sloanii (Cephalopoda: Ommastrephidae) in southern New Zealand waters

 Beak length analysis was undertaken for the arrow squid Nototodarus sloanii in the New Zealand sector of the Southern Ocean between Stewart Island and the Auckland Islands. N. sloanii has a restricted range and is endemic to the waters around New Zealand and its associated southern islands, where it supports a fishery and is preyed upon by a number of fishes, marine mammals and birds. Lower rostral length (LRL) and upper rostral length (URL) were analysed to see how these beak measurements related to both mantle length (ML) and wet weight (W). Both lower and upper rostral lengths could be used as useful predictors of ML and W in N. sloanii, as relationships had limited scatter and high correlation coefficients. The relationships between LRL and ML, and URL and ML were only linear after regressing log-transformed values of beak length against ML. However, the relationships between LRL and W, and URL and W were linear without transforming either the x or y values. These results are different from previously published beak length analyses of Nototodarus in New Zealand waters. Received: 30 March 1995/Accepted: 4 August 1995     

The use of beaks as tools for biomass estimation in the deepwater squid Moroteuthis ingens (Cephalopoda: Onychoteuthidae) in New Zealand waters

Beak lengths (lower rostral length and upper rostral length) were taken for a sample of Moroteuthis ingens which were captured on the Chatham Rise, New Zealand. Beak lengths were plotted against both mantle length and wet weight to determine the relationship between these parameters for future use in biomass estimates in predator analysis. Although M. ingens is markedly sexually dimorphic, with females reaching 5 times the weight of males, there was no obvious sexual dimorphism in either lower or upper rostral length. This resulted in sex-specific relationships between both LRL and mantle length, LRL and weight; and URL and mantle length, and URL and weight. Males appeared to have a curvilinear relationship between beak length and mantle length and beak length and weight (even for log-transformed data). There was also considerable spread in the data in the plot between beak length and weight for females of similar weight. These characteristics of the data makes biomass estimates based on rostral length measurements for this species difficult. Other beak parameters may prove more useful for estimating biomass of M. ingens.     

Early beak development in Argonauta Nodosa and Octopus Vulgaris (Cephalopoda: Incirrata) paralarvae suggests adaptation to different feeding mechanisms

Morphological and morphometric development of the beak of Argonauta nodosa (oceanic species) and Octopus vulgaris (neritic species) paralarvae were analyzed in order to verify whether or not they are determined by distinct life strategies and habitats. Measurements were taken from the upper jaw (UJ) and lower jaw (LJ), compared by the t test to identify-specific differences, and correlated with mantle length (ML) by multiple linear regression to determine overall and relative influences on growth. The jaws of both species were fragile, lightly colored, presented dentition and a slit (division) in the LJ rostrum, and showed considerable variation in general aspect. The hood and lateral walls (UJ) and crest and wings (LJ) showed the highest correlation with paralarval size (ML), and were more developed in A. nodosa than in O. vulgaris of similar size. The rostrum of O. vulgaris seems to be less functional than that of A. nodosa. The presence of beak characteristics from ancestral cephalopod species in the jaws of early paralarvae, namely teeth and a slit in the LJ rostrum, and also the inability of small-sized  A. nodosa paralarvae to close the jaws and bite off a piece of prey, seem to be related to the performance of external pre-digestion and suction of body fluids of prey, a specialized feeding mode.     

中国南海西沙群岛海域鸢乌贼角质颚色素沉积变化

角质颚是头足类的主要摄食器官,蕴藏着大量的渔业生物学及生态学信息。根据2017年5-8月中国灯光罩网渔船于中国南海西沙群岛海域采集的860尾鸢乌贼样本,对其角质颚色素沉积等级进行了划分和判定,研究了鸢乌贼角质颚色素沉积等级变化与胴长、体质量、净重、性腺成熟度和角质颚外部形态参数等因子的关系。结果表明:鸢乌贼的角质颚色素沉积变化存在性别间显著性差异(P<0.05),雌性个体角质颚色素沉积速度快于雄性;色素沉积等级与胴长、体质量和净重均呈正相关,并随着性腺成熟度的增加而增加;雄性个体角质颚下颚除翼长外,其余各部色素沉积的速度均快于上颚各部;雌性个体上颚各部色素沉积速度均快于下颚。本研究为后续利用角质颚研究鸢乌贼渔业生物学和对该资源的有效开发及科学管理提供了基础。     

Morphometric study of the red shrimp Aristeus antennatus in the Eastern Mediterranean

The relative growth of body parts (abdomen, uropod, scaphocerite, telson, rostrum and the third pereiopod) of both sexes of red shrimp Aristeus antennatus was studied in the Greek and Italian Ionian Sea (Eastern Mediterranean), at a depth range from 546 to 1,047 m. Morphometric relationships in the sexes showed similar patterns of relative growth in the two study areas. Although, morphological characters (abdomen, carapace length, pereiopod, rostrum, scaphocerite, telson, uropod and weight) of female were significantly greater than males, in both areas the observed differences between sexes could also attributed to the seasonal mobility pattern of females and to their reproductive activity. A negative allometry of swimming morphological characters (uropod, scaphocerite, telson) and of abdomen (related to the rapid locomotion, reproduction) was found in both sexes and areas. In contrast to this, the growth the third pereiopod (involved in walking ability) in both sexes and areas was isometric. Males showed no correlation of rostrum length with size. Some morphological characters (pereiopod, scaphocerite, uropodal exopodite) were proportionally longer in juvenile females than in adult females, indicating that the allometry differs for this species during its life cycle. A clear increasing trend of females’ size, including all the morphological characters, was shown with decreasing temperature and increasing depth.