混合氨基酸含量测定新方法

介绍用交流示波极谱滴定法测混合氨基酸的含量。在ＫＣｌ底液中,利用ＨＣＨＯ将－ＮＨ２封闭,用ＫＯＨ标准液滴定,ＨＣＨＯ同时做指示剂,以极谱图形的敏锐变化指示终点的到过,测定结果准确。     

粘虫核型多角体病毒919bp片段的PCR双链直接序列测定

本文发展了ＰＣＲ克隆和亚克隆技术制备ＤＮＡ测序模板。首先,我们用ｐＵＣ／Ｍ１３系列质粒的通用正反向引物ＰＣＲ扩增出质粒ｐＢｌｕｅｓｃｒｉｐｔＫＳ ＤＮＡ的多克隆位点及其侧冀序列,用ＥｃｏＲＶ和ＸｈｏＩ消化成为左右两个引物多克隆臂,与粘虫核多角体病毒（ＬｓＮＰＶ）的ＥｏｏＲＶ和ＸｈｏＩ约４００ｂｐ和５００ｂｐ片段分别连接,经ＰＣＲ扩增,得到两端具有上述正反向引物结合位点的测序模板,用ｄｄＮＴＰ链终点     

t-PA K1区的同源模建及Kringle区与Lysine相互作用的研究

利用同源模建方法预测了ｔ－ＰＡＫ１区的三维结构。通过结构叠合确定了ｔ－ＰＡＫ１、Ｋ２区,纤溶酶原Ｋ１、Ｋ４区及ＵＫ Ｋ区的Ｌｙｓｉｎｅ结合口袋。静电势计算及疏水性分析表明,在ｔ－ＰＡ Ｋ２Ｃ Ａ２区以及纤溶酶原Ｋ１、Ｋ４区与纤维蛋白裸露的Ｌｙｓｉｎｅ之间在明显的的静电势互补和疏水面契合。确定了Ｋｒｉｎｇｌｅ区结合口袋与Ｌｙｓｉｎｅ亲和重要所基酸,分析了ｔ－ＰＡＫ１区,ＵＫ Ｋ区不能结合Ｌｙｓｉｎｅ     

IκB激酶的结构和功能

ＮＦκＢ是细胞活化和产生细胞因子的重要转录调控因子。在静止细胞胞液中,ＮＦκＢ与ＩκＢ(κＢ的抑制剂)结合,处于失活状态。细胞活化传递的信号激活ＩκＢ激酶(ＩＫＫ),ＩＫＫ催化ＩκＢα(Ｓｅｒ32、Ｓｅｒ36)和ＩκＢβ(Ｓｅｒ19、Ｓｅｒ32)磷酸化,使ＩκＢ与ＮＦκＢ解离后被降解,于是ＮＦκＢ进入核内,调节多种基因转录[1]。1.ＩＫＫ的结构及其与功能的关系ＩＫＫ复合物的分子量约600～900ｋＤ,主要由3个亚单位组成:ＩＫＫα、ＩＫＫβ和ＩＫＫγ[2]。其中ＩＫＫα和ＩＫＫβ组成功能性异二聚体并以二聚体表现活性,在一定条件下(如…     

放射治疗对鼻咽癌患者细胞免疫功能的影响

应用抗人淋巴细胞单克隆抗体检测３２例鼻咽癌患者放疗前、后外周血Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群,并与１２例非癌人群（对照组）进行对比。结果：鼻咽癌患者ＯＫＴ３、ＯＫＴ４及ＯＫＴ４／ＯＫＴ８值与对照组相比明显降低,ＯＫＴ８显著上升（Ｐ＜０．０５）;放疗后ＯＫＴ３、ＯＫＴ４及ＯＫＴ４／ＯＫＴ８值进一步下降,ＯＫＴ８进一步升高（Ｐ＜０．０１）。提示鼻咽癌患者细胞免疫功能低下,放射治疗可进一步抑制鼻咽癌患者的细胞免疫功能。     

探明维生素K止血机理

探明维生素Ｋ止血机理维生素Ｋ是促凝血物质,体内维生素Ｋ缺乏可致出血。儿科医生往往给新生儿注射维生素Ｋ以防止新生儿出血。正常营养的人很少缺乏维生素Ｋ,但营养不良,肠功能紊乱者需补充维生素Ｋ。维生素Ｋ的作用机制一直未弄清。最近美国匹兹堡大学化学家保尔·道...     

自然杀伤细胞受体的研究进展

自然杀伤细胞（ＮＫ细胞）可表达两类功能相悖的识别受体,即活化受体（ＫＡＲ）和抑制受体（ＫＩＲ）。ＫＩＲ能识别自身细胞上的ＭＨＣⅠ类分子与自身或外来肽形成２的复合物,所产生的抑制信号可阴断ＫＡＲ的活化,以此抑制ＮＫ细胞的细胞毒作用。如果靶细胞失去ＫＩＲ所识别的配体,ＮＫ细胞即可通过ＫＡＲ对靶细胞进行攻击。本文将介绍此类受体的结构及基识别与信号转导机制的研究进展。     

新银欢品种抗榕片圆蚧的选择研究

通过引进新银合欢品系６个品种在相同环境条件下,同一时间,同一林地内种植,５年后经调查比较,结果表明,新银合欢６个品种抗榕片片圆蚧的能力有明显的差异,其中以Ｋ１５６最强,Ｋ１９１最差,排序为：Ｋ１５６〉Ｋ６７〉Ｋ１９２〉Ｋ８〉１９１。Ｋ１５６是金沙江干热河谷抗虫、速生、丰产的优良树种。     

固氮酶结构基因在联合固氮菌Klebsiellaplanticola19—1细胞中的定位

用Ｋｌｅｂｓｉｅｌｌａ ｐｎｅｕｍ ｏｎｉａｅｎｉｆＨＤＫ 为探针与Ｋｌｅｂｓｉｅｌｌａ ｐｌａｎｔｉｃｏｌａ １９－１ ＤＮＡ Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ 杂交表明,Ｋ．ｐｌａｎｔｉｃｏｌａ １９－１ 中存在与ｎｉｆＨＤＫ 同源的片段。用凝胶内溶菌及电场倒转技术检测在Ｋ．ｐｌａｎｔｉｃｏｌａ １９－１ 中存在一大质粒。用Ｋ．ｐｎｅｕｍ ｏｎｉａｅ ｎｉｆ ＨＤＫ 探针与大质粒ＤＮＡＳｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ 杂交证明固氮酶结构基因定位于大质粒     

心脏K^＋通道

Ｋ＾＋通道是生物膜上一种调节Ｋ＾＋流的跨膜蛋白质,广泛存在于各种可兴奋的细胞。在维持心脏正常功能方面发挥重要作用。本主要讨论内向整流Ｋ＾＋通道,延迟整流Ｋ＾＋通道,瞬进外向电流Ｋ＾＋通道,毒蕈碱／腺激活Ｋ＾＋通道,ＡＴＰ敏感性Ｋ＾＋通道的基本特性,及其在心脏电生理作用中的重功能,和相关的分子生物学信息。     

两相滴定法测定苦参片中苦参碱的含量

用两相滴定法测定苦参片中苦参碱的含量。用NaCl饱和溶液为水相,含苦参碱的CHCl3为有机相,0．1％邻氯酚红为指示剂,在两相溶液中加入定量的酸标准液,充分振摇后,用标准碱液剩余滴定。加标回收,测定6次,平均回收率为：99．67％;RSD为1．86％(n=6)。     

A potentiometric method for the determination of the iodine-binding capacity of glycogen

The experimental conditions in the potentiometric method for the determination of the iodine-binding capacity (Ib) of starch and amylose [R. L. Bates, D. French, and R. E. Rundle (1943) J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 65, 142-148] were not suitable for glycogen because of the much lower affinity for iodine of the latter. This difficulty was overcome by titration of small volume with both the iodine and glycogen at high concentration. Using the concentration cell circuit Pt electrode-blank-bridge-glycogen-Pt electrode, small increments of standard iodine solution were added to the blank solution and each was titrated to null by adding iodine to the glucogen solution [G. A. Gilbert and J. V. R. Marriott (1948) Trans. Faraday Soc. 44, 84-93]. Glycogen was determined by an anthrone-sulfuric acid method [F. W. Fales (1951) J. Biol. Chem. 193, 113-124]. Glycogens with Ib's ranging from 1.8 to 5.3% were observed.     

Equilibrium titration of protein-ligand binding affinity in the presence of volatile reagents--a semiautomated approach

An existing method of equilibrium titration was significantly improved for investigating the effects of volatile anesthetics on Ca(2+) binding characteristics of human recombinant cardiac troponin C in in vitro conditions. The modified method increases stability of volatile compound concentrations in solution and allows for faster and more accurate data acquisition. The time to complete a titration series could be reduced from 28.3 +/- 6.2 min to 9.3 +/- 2.1 min, whereas the dispersion for pK(d) was decreased from 2.16 +/- 0.27 to 0.63 +/- 0.27. The method utilizes a semiautomatic approach to continuously monitor stability of fluorescence signals in a sealed chamber with greatly reduced air space.     

Simulating proteins at constant pH: An approach combining molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo simulation

For the structure and function of proteins, the pH of the solution is one of the determining parameters. Current molecular dynamics (MD) simulations account for the solution pH only in a limited way by keeping each titratable site in a chosen protonation state. We present an algorithm that generates trajectories at a Boltzmann distributed ensemble of protonation states by a combination of MD and Monte Carlo (MC) simulation. The algorithm is useful for pH-dependent structural studies and to investigate in detail the titration behavior of proteins. The method is tested on the acidic residues of the protein hen egg white lysozyme. It is shown that small structural changes may have a big effect on the pK(A) values of titratable residues.     

Speciation of copper(II) in natural waters in the presence of ligands of high and intermediate strength

Abstract

A new procedure is presented for the determination of the ligands of copper(II) in natural waters, based on titration with the metal ion, monitored by measuring the concentration of copper(II) sorbed on the carboxylic resin Amberlite CG 50. The data are treated by the Ruzic linearization method to obtain the concentration of the ligands and the conditional stability constant of the complexes. Ligands with reaction coefficient α_M higher than 0.1 K*w/V are detected, where K* is the ratio of the concentration of sorbed metal to the concentration of free metal in solution, which can be evaluated from the sorption equilibria of copper(II) on Amberlite CG 50, w is the amount of water in the resin phase, and V the volume of the solution phase. Some natural waters at high and low salinity were examined. The ligand concentration determined in these samples ranged from around 50 to 2000 nM, while the original copper concentrations from 11 to 130 nM. The ligand concentration was always much higher than that of copper(II). The conditional stability constants were very high, particularly in low salinity waters, where values as high as K’= 10^15.7 were obtained. In high salinity waters values around 10⁹ were found for the complex formation constant of the ligands titrated with copper(II). The investigation was also extended to a model solution, containing EDTA, obtaining K’ = 10^15.5, in acceptable agreement with that evaluated from the literature values.     

Alkaline Titrations of poly(dG-dC)·poly(dG-dC): Microemulsion Versus Solution Behavior

Abstract

PolyGC was titrated with a strong base in the presence of increasing concentrations of NaCl (from 0.00 to 0.60M) either in water solution or with the polynucleotide solubilized in the aqueous core of reverse micelles, i.e., the cationic quaternary water-in-oil microemulsion CTAB/n-hexane/n-pentanol/water. The results for matched samples in the two media were compared. CD and UV spectroscopies and, for the solution experiments, pH measurements were used to follow the course of deprotonation. In both media the primary effect of the addition of base was denaturation of the polynucleotide, reversible by back-titration with a strong acid.

In solution, the apparent pK_a of the transition decreases with increasing the salt concentration and a roughly linear dependence of pK_a on p[NaCl] has been found. A parallel monotonic decay with ionic strength has been found in solution for R_OH, defined as the number of hydroxyl ions required per monomeric unit of polyGC to reach half-transition. By contrast, in microemulsion, R_OH has been found to be independent of the NaCl concentration (and 10 to 50 times lower than in solution). This result is proposed as an indirect evidence of the independence of pK_a on the salt concentration in microemulsion, where the pH cannot be measured. A sort of buffering effect of the positive charges on the micellar wall and of their counter-ions on the ionic strength could well explain this discrepancy of behavior in the two media.     

Intrinsic pKas of ionizable residues in proteins: An explicit solvent calculation for lysozyme

Molecular dynamics simulations of triclinic hen egg white lysozyme in aqueous solution were performed to calculate the intrinsic pK_as of 14 ionizable residues. An all-atom model was used for both solvent and solute, and a single 180 ps simulation in conjunction with a Gaussian fluctuation analysis method was used. An advantage of the Gaussian fluctuation method is that it only requires a single simulation of the system in a reference state to calculate all the pK_as in the protein, in contrast to multiple simulations for the free energy perturbation method. pK_int shifts with respect to reference titratable residues were evaluated and compared to results obtained using a finite difference Poisson-Boltzmann (FDPB) method with a continuum solvent model; overall agreement with the direction of the shifts was generally observed, though the magnitude of the shifts was typically larger with the explicit solvent model. The contribution of the first solvation shell to the total charging free energies of the titratable groups was explicitly evaluated and found to be significant. Dielectric shielding between pairs of titratable groups was examined and found to be smaller than expected. The effect of the approximations used to treat the long-range interactions on the pK_int shifts is discussed. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Targeting DNA quadruplexes with distamycin A and its derivatives: an ITC and NMR study

The use of small molecules that bind and stabilize G-quadruplex structures is emerging as a promising way to inhibit telomerase activity in tumor cells. In this paper, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and (1)H NMR studies have been conducted to examine the binding of distamycin A and its two carbamoyl derivatives (compounds 1 and 2) to the target [d(TGGGGT)](4) and d[AG(3)(T(2)AG(3))(3)] quadruplexes from the Tetrahymena and human telomeres, respectively. The interactions were examined using two different buffered solutions containing either K(+) or Na(+) at a fixed ionic strength, to evaluate any influence of the ions present in solution on the binding behaviour. Experiments reveal that distamycin A and compound 1 bind the investigated quadruplexes in both solution conditions; conversely, compound 2 appears to have a poor affinity in any case. Moreover, these studies indicate that the presence of different cations in solution affects the stoichiometry and thermodynamics of the interactions.     

Investigation of the inclusion of the herbicide metobromuron in native cyclodextrins by powder X-ray diffraction and isothermal titration calorimetry

We report the formation of inclusion complexes between the phenylurea herbicide metobromuron [3-(p-bromophenyl)-1-methoxy-1-methylurea] and β- and γ-cyclodextrin in the solid state. Formation of crystalline inclusion complexes by the kneading method was confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction and further structural characterization using the principles of isostructurality followed. In addition, ΔH°, ΔS°, ΔG° and the association constants (K) at 298 K were determined for complex formation in solution using isothermal titration calorimetry. The magnitudes of K for the formation of 1:1 complexes between metobromuron and α-, β- and γ-CD were estimated as 598, 310 and 114, respectively.