银杏叶片光合作用对强光的响应

银杏叶片遭受光量子通量密度（PFD）为1200μmolm-2s-1的强光胁迫后,净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）、细胞间隙CO2浓度（Ci）、PSⅡ光化学效率（Fv／Fm）和表现量子效率（AQY）都下降,而叶片在505nm处的光吸收（A505）、初始荧光水平（Fo）和荧光的非光化学猝灭（qN）上升。在去除强光胁迫数小时之后,这些参数都不能完全恢复。这就表明,虽然强光能引起严重的光抑制,可能涉及依赖叶黄素循环的热耗散和一部分PSⅡ反应中心的失活及破坏,但是导致光合速率降低的主要因素仍然是气孔导度的降低。     

夜间低温后日间光照对海桐和榕树叶片的光抑制以及光系统Ⅱ功能的影响

夜间低温导致海桐和榕树叶片光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ光合电子传递量子效率(φPSⅡ)、天线转化效率(F'v'/Fm')、非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)降低,其后日间光照先引起海桐叶片Fv//Fm、ΦPSⅡ、F'v'/Fm'稍微降低,其后又逐渐得到恢复,但NPQ却表现出相反趋势;夜间低温及随后的日间光照并未对海桐叶片光化学猝灭系数(qP)和初始荧光强度(Fo)产生影响.夜间低温后日间光照进一步引起榕树叶片Fv/Fm、ΦPSⅡ、Fv'/F'm、qp、NPQ下降,在午后光照减弱后仍不能得到恢复.     

外源6-BA对低温胁迫下茄子幼苗光合作用、叶绿素荧光参数及光能分配的影响

本文研究了外源6-BA对低温胁迫下茄子幼苗光合作用、叶绿素荧光参数和能量分配的影响。结果表明,外源6．BA显著增加了低温胁迫下茄子叶绿素含量、净光合速率（Pn）、蒸腾速率（t）、气孔导度（Gs）和胞间CO2浓度（c1）;同时外源6-BA明显提高了低温胁迫下茄子幼苗叶片的PSⅡ最大光化学效率（Fv/Fm）、PSⅡ潜在活性（R／Fo）、PSII天线转化效率（FvFm）、实际光化学效率（φpsⅡ）、光化学猝灭系数（g,）和光化学反应能量（P）,降低了非光化学猝灭系数（NPQ）、天线热耗散能量（D）,对非光化学反应耗散能量（E）无明显影响。表明外源6-BA处理通过促进低温胁迫下茄子幼苗光合作用,提高光合电子传递效率,从而保护光合系统,降低低温胁迫对植物的损伤。     

青藏高原高山嵩草光合功能对模拟夜间低温的响应

昼夜温差大是青藏高原的典型气候特征,夜间低温作为植物生长季内非常频繁的非生物胁迫因子,对典型高山植物日间光合生理功能的影响如何,尚缺乏研究。该研究以采自青海大学-清华大学三江源高寒草地生态系统野外观测站的高山嵩草(Kobresiapygmaea)为材料,应用叶绿素荧光图像分析手段,研究了模拟夜间低温对叶片光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)非光化学猝灭中光诱导和非光诱导的量子产量,及慢弛豫相和快弛豫相组分的影响。结果表明:0℃夜间低温对日间PSⅡ相对电子传递速率、PSⅡ反应中心开放比率(qL)和PSⅡ非光化学猝灭系数(qNP)的快速光响应曲线影响较小;400和1 500μmol·m–2·s–1稳态作用光强下的比较证实,夜间低温并没有影响到光合机构活性及非光化学能量耗散过程。PSⅡ反应中心激发能分配的量子通量分析表明, PSⅡ实际光化学量子效率、PSⅡ非光化学猝灭中非调节性和调节性能量耗散量子产量的相对比率在第3天高光强下,对照组和夜间低温组分别为:36:19:45和38:19:43;较低光强下为66:22:12和66:23:11。非光化学猝灭(NPQ)中快弛豫相(NPQf)为主要组分,而慢弛豫相(NPQ...     

西宁和海北麻花艽净光合速率和叶绿素荧光参数的日变化比较

以青藏高原药用植物麻花艽为材料,研究了西宁和海北两个地区麻花艽叶片的净光合速率和叶绿素荧光参数的日变化进程。结果表明：在中午太阳辐射较强时两地麻花艽叶片的净光合速率（Pn）均下降,下午随日间光强的减弱逐渐上升,形成双峰曲线;海北麻花艽叶片的净光合速率（Pn）及其日变幅均低于西宁。随日间光强的增加麻花艽叶片的PSⅡ最大光化学效率（Fv／Fm）、PSⅡ的潜在活性（Fv/Fo）下降,非光化学猝灭系数（NPQ）则上升,黄昏各参数都恢复到接近早晨的水平,表明未发生光合机构的破坏;一天中海北麻花艽叶片的Pn、Fv／Fm、Fv／Fo均低于西宁,表明随海拔的升高、光强的增加,海北麻花艽热耗散增多,午间光抑制加重。     

超级高产小麦旗叶荧光动力学研究

探明超级小麦品种的旗叶光合作用与荧光动力学特性,为超级小麦品种选育利用提供理论依据。以超级小麦临麦4号为试验材料,应用CI-301PS型便携式光合作用测定系统和FMS-2便携式荧光测定仪(英国Hansatech公司)在田间试验中测定旗叶光合作用与荧光动力学参数。结果表明,与普通高产对照品种皖麦52和烟农19相比,超级小麦临麦4号的光合作用参数光合速率、光饱和点和CO2饱和点、羧化效率高,光补偿点和CO2补偿点低;光合机构系统工作参数PSII实际的光化学效率(ΦPSII)、光化学猝灭系数(qP)、PSII反应中心的激发能捕获效率(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ潜在活性Fv/Fo和电子传递速率(ETR)值高,非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)值低。这表明超级小麦临麦4号的光合机构系统工作能力强和工作效率高,保证旗叶光合作用的高效运行,为子粒灌浆提供充足的能量和碳水化合物。     

在盐胁迫下光抑制及其恢复进程对冬小科光合功能的影响

研究了盐和强光双重胁迫以及在弱光下恢复对冬小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）光合功能的影响。结果表明,单纯用低浓度盐（200mmol/L NaCl）胁迫时,对反向PSⅡ光合功能的Fv/Fo、Fv/Fm和qP等参数没有什么影响,但巳十分明显地抑制光合碳同化能力,而高盐（400mmol/L NaCl）胁迫损伤PSⅡ功能,从而加剧对碳同化功能的抑制,说明光合作用对不同盐浓度的响应不同。研究结果还表明,盐胁迫能加剧强光对光合功能的损伤,使之受到更加严重的光抑制。在低盐浓度下,光抑制初期形成形成QB-非还原性PSⅡ反应中心,在随后的光抑制进程和弱光下恢复期间,能有效的被用来合成有活性的PSⅡ和修复可逆性失活的PSⅡ反应中心。而高盐和强光双重胁迫使PSⅡ遭受严重破坏,QB-非还原性PSⅡ反应中心只有在光抑制初期可部分地用于修复可逆性失活的PSⅡ,随着光抑制的进程,它们不能用于合成有活性PSⅡ和修复受严重破坏的PSⅡ,结果导致它们的含量在弱光下恢复时继续增加。     

低温胁迫对广玉兰幼苗光合及叶绿素荧光特性的影响

以广玉兰幼苗为材料,对其进行0,-4℃、-8℃,-12℃和-16℃ 5个梯度低温处理,研究了广玉兰幼苗的光合作用与叶绿素荧光特性变化.结果表明:随着温度降低,广玉兰幼苗叶片的净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(G3)、叶肉细胞间隙CO2浓度(Ci)、叶绿素含量均逐步降低,最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、潜在光化学效率(Fv/F0)、最大量子产额(Yield)、光合电子传递速率(ETR)、光化学猝灭系数(qp)也均同时下降,而初始荧光(F0)、非光化学猝灭系数(qN)则逐步上升.可见,低温胁迫除导致光合作用的气孔抑制外,还直接损伤光合机构使PSⅡ反应中心失活,引起其光能原初捕捉能力和光能同化率减弱,增加了通过热辐射消耗的光能比例,最终导致广玉兰幼苗光合作用能力减弱.     

青海薄荷的光合及热能耗散特性研究

对青海省民和、西宁和湟源3个地区的药用植物薄荷(Mentha haplocalyx Briq.)的净光合速率和叶绿素荧光参数的变化进行分析比较。结果显示:(1)最大净光合速率(Pn)湟源>西宁>民和;(2)PSⅡ反应中心最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)以及PSⅡ反应中心活性参数(1/Fo-1/Fm)和实际光化学量子效率(ΦPSⅡ)的变化趋势相同,均以西宁最高,而相应的光合功能的相对限制(LPDF)西宁最低;(3)西宁薄荷的光化学猝灭系数(qP)最高(0.875),而非光化学猝灭(NPQ)则最低(1.114)。研究表明,青海薄荷有光抑制现象发生,但并没有造成PSⅡ反应中心的不可逆破坏;西宁薄荷光化学能力较高而湟源薄荷对于过剩光能的耗散能力较高。     

ALA对萝卜不同叶位叶片光合作用与叶绿素荧光特性的影响

以盆栽萝卜为材料,研究了叶面喷布100～300mg／L ALA对萝卜植株生长、光合作用以及叶绿素荧光特性的影响。结果表明,ALA促进萝卜植株生长与其促进植株中下部叶片的光合作用有关。ALA处理提高了叶片光合表观量子效率,并降低了光补偿点。叶绿素荧光动力学资料显示,ALA处理不仅降低了叶绿素初始荧光Fv、稳态荧光Fs以及两者的差值ΔFu,还降低了暗适应以及光照下的最大荧光(Fm和Fm′)和可变荧光(Fv和Fv′),但是不影响PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv／Fm),对于中下部叶片PSⅡ实际光化学效率(φPSⅡ)还有明显的促进作用。ALA处理植株叶片光合非循环电子传递速率ETR显著提高,300mg／L ALA处理还降低了光合相对限制值L（PFD）。ALA具有促进叶绿素荧光光化学猝灭和非光化学猝灭的双重特性,其中,前者提高了叶片光化学速率,后者增加热耗散量以及提高热耗散速率。另外,本试验结果显示,ALA处理提高了植株基部叶片的叶绿素含量以及中下部叶片类萝卜素含量。以上参数变化说明ALA通过诱导光抑制保护机制来提高叶片光合效率。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.